Tiyeni tingophunzira za ngwazi ziwiri zazing'ono zomwe zimamanga mafupa athu: Osteoblasts ndi Osteoclasts!

Kodi munayamba mwaganizapo za mafupa anu? Nthawi zambiri timawaona ngati zinthu zolimba, zosasintha. Koma sizili choncho. Mafupa athu ndi minofu yamoyo , monga matupi athu ena onse. Simungaganize choncho, koma akukula nthawi zonse, kusweka, ndi kusinthidwa, osati kuyambira ali mwana mpaka atakula, koma kwa moyo wathu wonse! Mitundu iwiri yofunika kwambiri ya maselo omwe amathandiza pa ntchito yodabwitsa iyi amatchedwa `Osteoblasts` ndi `Osteoclasts`. Tiyeni tikambirane zambiri za awiriwa lero, sichoncho?

Kodi `Osteoblasts` ndi ndani? Kodi amachita chiyani?

Mwachidule, `Osteoblasts` ndi "Mason Jars" omwe amamanga mafupa athu. Nthawi zina amatchedwanso `maselo osteogenic`. Ndiwo omwe amalimbitsa mafupa athu, ndipo ndi omwe amapanga mafupa atsopano. `Osteoblasts` ili ndi ntchito zitatu zazikulu:

• Kumanga mafupa atsopano (kupanga mafupa ).
• Pamene tikukalamba, ndiko kuti, pamene tikukula kuyambira paubwana kufika pa uchikulire, mafupa athu amasintha kuti agwirizane ndi mawonekedwe a thupi lathu, njira yotchedwa `kukonzanso`.
• Kuchiritsa mafupa akasweka, kusweka, kapena kuvulala .

Tangoganizirani, pamene limodzi mwa mafupa athu likufunika kukula, kusintha mwanjira ina, kapena kuchira litasweka, maselo a 'Osteoblast' awa amalimbikitsidwa ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana a mankhwala mkati mwa thupi lathu, kapena ndi 'mahomoni'. Kenako maselo a 'Osteoblast' awa amasonkhana ndikupanga ndikutulutsa chisakanizo chapadera chotchedwa 'bone matrix' . 'Bone matrix' iyi imapangidwa ndi 'mapuloteni' monga 'collagen' ndi 'calcium' ndi 'phosphate', zomwe ndi mchere wofunikira kwambiri pamafupa athu. Ntchitoyi ili ngati munthu amene amathira 'konkireti' akamapanga msewu. Akhoza kupanga msewu watsopano. Kapena angagwiritse ntchito 'konkireti' yomweyi kudzaza ming'alu ndi mabala mumsewu wakale. Mofananamo, 'Osteoblasts', 'Masons', amagwiritsa ntchito 'bone matrix' iyi 'konkireti' kumanga mafupa atsopano, kulimbitsa akale, ndikuchiritsa osweka. Minofu yatsopano ya mafupa ikamangidwa motere, maselo ena a 'Osteoblasts' amakhala gawo la fupa latsopanolo. Kenako amatchedwa 'Osteocytes' . Kupanda kutero, pamene ntchito zawo sizikufunikanso, maselo amenewo amafa.

Tiyeni tiphunzire pang'ono za omwe amatchedwa `Osteocytes`?

Ma osteocyte ali ngati "alonda achitetezo" mkati mwa mafupa athu.Monga. Mafupa athu ambiri amapangidwa ndi maselo a 'Osteocytes' awa. Amayang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse mtundu wa kupanikizika kapena kupanikizika komwe kukugwiritsidwa ntchito pamafupa athu. Tikamayenda, kuthamanga, kapena kunyamula chinthu, ngakhale patakhala kukhudzidwa kwakukulu monga kusweka kwa fupa, 'Osteocytes' awa amamva. Panthawiyo, ndi omwe amatumiza zizindikiro kwa 'Osteoblasts' (omwe amamanga) ndi 'Osteoclasts' (omwe amasweka - tidzakambirana za izi mtsogolo) ponena kuti, "Nayi vuto, bwerani mudzakonze." Mwachitsanzo, ngati fupa lasweka kapena kusweka, 'Osteocytes' ndi omwe amabweretsa maselo ena mwachangu pamalopo, kuchotsa zidutswa zosweka, ndikuthandizira kumanga fupa latsopano ndikulichiritsa.

Ndiye kodi ma `Osteoclasts` ndi maselo amtundu wanji?

Ma Osteoclast ndi "gulu loyeretsa" lomwe limasungunula ndikuchotsa maselo akale, owonongeka m'mafupa athu. Zili ngati gulu lowononga. Ndiwo omwe amapanga njira yoti ma osteoblast amange mafupa atsopano.

Njira yosavuta kukumbukira ndi iyi: `Kuphulika` kuli ngati `Omanga`, `Ma Clast` ali ngati `Oyeretsa`.

Ma Osteoclast amatulutsa ma enzyme apadera. Ma enzyme amenewa amasungunula ndi kuswa fupa lakale. Amayambitsa kusintha kwa mankhwala pamwamba pa minofu yakale ya fupa, kusungunula zidutswazo ndikupanga njira yopangira minofu yatsopano, yolimba. Koma ma osteoclast akaswa mafupa, sizili ngati asidi wodya chidutswa cha chitsulo monga momwe zilili mu katuni. Njirayi imayendetsedwa bwino komanso molondola . Ma Osteoclast amaswa malo omwe ma osteocytes (alonda achitetezo) omwe atchulidwa kale adalemba kuti "apa ndi pomwe tiyenera kuwachotsa." Ma enzyme omwe amatulutsidwa ndi ma osteoclast amaswa matrix yamphamvu ya mafupa ndikuyamwanso zomwe zili mkati mwake. Kenako, mabowo ang'onoang'ono amapangidwa pamwamba pa fupa. Mabowo amenewo akapangidwa, ma osteoblast (omanga) amalowa ndikudzaza mipata ndi fupa latsopano. Zili ngati khama la gulu!

Kodi maselo a `Osteoblasts` ndi `Osteoclasts` awa amawoneka bwanji?

Maselo onsewa ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri ndipo amapezeka mkati mwa mafupa athu komanso mkati mwa mafupawo.

• Ma osteoblast nthawi zambiri amakhala maselo ang'onoang'ono okhala ngati ma cubes.
• Ma osteoclast ndi aakulu pang'ono kuposa maselo a mafupa. Ali ozungulira, ofanana ndi dome.

Kodi ndi matenda ati omwe amakhudza ntchito ya maselo amenewa?

Ma osteoblast ndi ma osteoclast ndi ziwalo ziwiri zofunika kwambiri za mafupa athu. Chifukwa chake, matenda aliwonse omwe amakhudza mafupa athu amathanso kukhudza magwiridwe antchito a maselo awa. Nazi zina mwa mavuto akuluakulu omwe amalepheretsa mafupa athu kumanga ndikukhalabe olimba:

• Matenda a Osteoporosis - Apa ndi pamene mafupa amachepa, amafooka, ndipo amasweka mosavuta.
• Kufooka kwa mafupa - Ichi ndi chiyambi cha kufooka kwa mafupa. Kuchuluka kwa mafupa kumayamba kuchepa.
• Hyperparathyroidism - Kuchuluka kwa mahomoni omwe amapangidwa ndi ma thyroid glands, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti calcium ichotsedwe m'mafupa.
• `Matenda a Paget a mafupa (osteitis deformans)` - Pa vutoli, njira yokonzanso mafupa imasokonekera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafupa afooke komanso asinthe mawonekedwe.

Kodi pali mayeso apadera oti mudziwe za maselo awa?

Nthawi zambiri palibe mayeso enieni oti muwone momwe ma osteoblast kapena ma osteoclast anu akugwirira ntchito. Madokotala nthawi zambiri amayesa thanzi la fupa lonse, m'malo moyang'ana maselo enaake. Komabe, nthawi zina, mayeso a magazi (ma lab) angachitike kuti awone momwe ma osteoclast anu akugwirira ntchito kapena kuti athandize kuzindikira matenda monga osteoporosis. Nazi mayeso ena odziwika bwino oti muwone thanzi la mafupa anu:

• Kuyesa kuchuluka kwa mafupa (DXA scan) : Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito X-ray yotsika kuti muyese mphamvu ya mafupa anu. Zingathandize kudziwa ngati mafupa anu akuchepa mukamakula, kapena ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za osteopenia kapena osteoporosis.
• Kuyesa kwa Vitamini D (` Vitamin D 25-hydroxy test`) : Kumafufuza ngati mukupeza `Vitamin D` yokwanira.
• Kuyesa kwa calcium : Izi zimayang'ana kuchuluka kwa calcium m'magazi mwanu, komanso zitha kuwona kuchuluka kwa calcium mu mkodzo wanu wa maola 24.
• Mayeso a `Intact parathyroid hormone (IPTH)` : Amayesa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a parathyroid.
• Kuyesa kwa Creatinine : Izi zimatsimikizira ngati impso zanu zikugwira ntchito bwino.

Kodi tiyenera kuchita chiyani kuti mafupa athu akhale athanzi?

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe mungachite kuti mafupa anu akhale athanzi komanso olimba. Nazi zina zomwe mungachite:

• Idyani zakudya zabwino zopatsa thanzi , makamaka zakudya zokhala ndi calcium ndi vitamini D wambiri.
• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi olemera . Ndiko kuti, masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe amawonjezera kulemera kwa mafupa anu, monga kuyenda , kuthamanga, ndi kukwera masitepe.
• Pewani kusuta fodya konse . Kusuta fodya kumawononga mafupa kwambiri.
• Pezani calcium ndi vitamini D okwanira.Samalani ngati mukupeza zokwanira. Ngati pakufunika, imwani zowonjezera zakudya motsatira malangizo a dokotala.
• Pitani kuchipatala nthawi zonse . Ngati mukumva matenda kapena kusintha kulikonse, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa 'Osteoblasts' ndi 'Osteocytes' ndi kotani?

Ma `Osteoblasts` ndi `Osteocytes` onse ndi maselo omwe amathandiza kumanga ndi kusamalira mafupa athu. Koma pali kusiyana pang'ono.

• Ma osteoblast ndi maselo omwe amapanga fupa latsopano, kukulitsa fupa lomwe lilipo, ndikulikonza. Ndiwo omwe amamasula matrix ya fupa ndikupanga minofu yatsopano.
• Ma osteocyte ndi maselo omwe amapezeka mkati mwa minofu yokhwima ya mafupa . Ndiwo omwe amamva kupsinjika ndi kupsinjika kwa mafupa ndikutumiza zizindikiro ku ma osteoblast ndi ma osteoclast, nati, "Pali vuto apa, liyenera kukonzedwa."

Pomaliza, zomwe muyenera kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Tsopano mukumvetsa momwe maselo awiri ang'onoang'ono awa otchedwa `Osteoblasts` ndi `Osteoclasts` amakhudzira kwambiri thanzi la mafupa athu. Amagwirira ntchito limodzi nthawi zonse, kuthandiza mafupa athu kukula, kukonzanso, ndikukhala olimba. Monga ngwazi zosayamikirika.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu azaka zopitilira 65, azimayi omwe adasiya kusamba, komanso omwe ali ndi matenda osatha kuti akafunse upangiri wa dokotala ndikupimidwa nthawi zonse ndi dokotala. Izi zimathandiza madokotala kuyang'anira thanzi la mafupa anu ndikupeza zizindikiro zoyambirira za kutayika kwa mafupa kapena kufooka kwa mafupa.

Choncho, samalirani mafupa anu. Kudya bwino, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri!