Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo momwe thupi lanu limapangidwira, kapena momwe maselo anu amabwereranso pamene mukukula kuyambira ubwana mpaka kukhala wamkulu? Zoonadi, thupi lathu ndi luso lapadera kwambiri. Gawo lofunika kwambiri la kapangidwe kameneka—komwe mwina munamvapo—ndi lomwe timatcha Stem Cells .
Kodi Maselo Oyambira Ndi Chiyani Kwenikweni?
Mwachidule, ngati thupi lanu ndi lalikulu, maselo oyambira ndiye maziko. Ndi maselo apadera a "zopangira" za thupi, omwe amatha kupanga maselo ena okhala ndi ntchito zapadera. Taganizirani izi motere: thupi lanu lili ndi mathililiyoni a maselo, ndipo pakati pawo, maselo oyambira ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kopanga mitundu yoposa 200 ya maselo apadera, monga maselo amagazi kapena maselo a mafupa. Mtundu wina wa maselo oyambira umapanga thupi lanu lonse kuyambira pachiyambi, pomwe mitundu ina imagwira ntchito ngati gulu lokonza, kukonza kulikonse komwe thupi lanu likufuna.
Kodi Maselo Oyambira Amagwira Ntchito Bwanji?
Maselo oyambira ali ndi mphamvu ziwiri zapadera zomwe palibe maselo ena omwe ali nazo:
- Choyamba, amatha kudzigawa ndikupanga makope enieni a iwo okha. Ngakhale maselo wamba amagawanika, amakhala ndi nthawi yochepa ya moyo. Komabe, maselo oyambira amatha kudzikonzanso okha kwamuyaya.
- Chachiwiri, ndi maselo okhawo omwe angathe "kusiyana" (odziwika bwino). Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati minofu yawonongeka, imatha kupanga maselo atsopano ofunikira kuti alowe m'malo mwake. Nazi zitsanzo zazikulu:
- Maselo oyambira a magazi (otchedwa "hee-muh-tuh-poy-tik") ndi omwe amachititsa kuti maselo anu a magazi (ofiira ndi oyera) azigwira ntchito komanso kuti chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chizigwira ntchito bwino.
- Maselo oyambira amathandiza maselo a khungu lanu, omwe ndi ofunikira kuti khungu libwezeretsedwe komanso kuti mabala achire .
- Maselo oyambira a Mesenchymal (otchedwa "meh-zen-kai-mul") amathandiza kumanga mafupa, chichereŵechereŵe , minofu, ndi maselo amafuta.
N’chifukwa Chiyani Maselo Oyambira Ndi Ofunika Kwambiri?
Maselo oyambira si ofunikira kokha pakupanga ndi kusamalira matupi athu, komanso ndi ofunikira pa kafukufuku wa zamankhwala. Ofufuza amawafufuza pazifukwa zingapo zofunika:
- Kumvetsetsa momwe matenda amachitikira: Mwa kukulitsa maselo oyambira m'ma labu ndikuwona momwe amasinthira kukhala minofu kapena ziwalo zinazake, ofufuza amatha kumvetsetsa bwino momwe matenda monga matenda a shuga , matenda a mtima , kapena matenda amitsempha amayambira ndikupita patsogolo pamlingo wa maselo.
- Kusintha maselo owonongeka kapena odwala: Ili ndi gawo lalikulu la lonjezo. Ofufuza akufufuza momwe angasinthire maselo oyambira kukhala mitundu inayake ya maselo kuti achiritse kuvulala kapena matenda osatha. Tangoganizirani za tsogolo komwe, mwachitsanzo, khungu latsopano limakula kuti lichiritse kupsa kwambiri, kuvulala kwa msana kumakonzedwa pang'ono, kapena matenda monga matenda a Parkinson amathandizidwa bwino pogwiritsa ntchito chithandizo cha maselo oyambira.
- Kuyesa mankhwala atsopano ndi njira zochiritsira: Ofufuza amagwiritsa ntchito maselo oyambira kufufuza mankhwala atsopano kuti apeze chitetezo ndi mphamvu. Pogwiritsa ntchito maselo oyambira apadera—monga maselo osinthidwa majini kuti atsanzire matenda enaake—asayansi amatha kuwunika momwe chithandizo chimagwirira ntchito ndikupeza zotsatirapo zake asanayesedwe kuchipatala, zomwe zingapulumutse nthawi ndi ndalama pakupanga mankhwala.
Kodi Mitundu Yaikulu ya Maselo Oyambira Ndi Chiyani?
Madokotala amagawa maselo oyambira kutengera komwe amachokera kapena momwe amagwirira ntchito. Nazi mitundu ikuluikulu yomwe muyenera kudziwa:
- Maselo oyambira a m'mimba (pluripotent):Maselo amenewa ali ndi mphamvu zodabwitsa zokhala pafupifupi mtundu uliwonse wa maselo m'thupi, monga maselo a khungu, mtima, kapena ubongo. "Pluri" amatanthauza "ambiri," ndipo "amphamvu" amatanthauza "mphamvu." Ofufuza nthawi zambiri amapeza izi kuchokera ku magazi a chingwe kapena mazira opangidwa kudzera mu In Vitro Fertilization omwe aperekedwa kuti afufuze.
Dziwani: Kugwiritsa ntchito maselo oyambira a m'mimba ndi nkhani yomwe ikukambidwa padziko lonse lapansi pankhani ya makhalidwe abwino komanso sayansi. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kumayendetsedwa mosamala ndipo kumachitika motsatira malangizo okhwima a makhalidwe abwino.
- Maselo oyambira okha (okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri kapena osagwira ntchito): Maselo amenewa amatha kupanga maselo atsopano oyambira, koma amakhala ndi mtundu wa minofu yomwe amakhalamo. Mwachitsanzo, maselo oyambira omwe amapanga magazi m'mafupa anu amatha kupanga maselo atsopano a magazi ndi ma platelet, koma sangathe kupanga maselo a m'mapapo kapena a chiwindi. Ofufuza amapeza izi kuchokera kwa akuluakulu omwe amapereka.
- Maselo oyambira omwe amapangika kukhala ndi ma pluripotent (maselo a iPS kapena ma iPSC): Awa ndi chitukuko chachikulu mu sayansi yamakono. Awa ndi maselo oyambira omwe amapangidwa mu labotale. Mwa kutenga maselo wamba achikulire (monga maselo akhungu) ndikuwasintha majini, asayansi amatha kuwapangitsa kukhala ngati maselo oyambira a mluza, omwe amatha kukhala mtundu uliwonse wa maselo. Chifukwa samachokera ku mazira, ma iPSC amathandiza kuthana ndi nkhawa zambiri zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe zokhudzana ndi kafukufuku wa maselo oyambira.
Kodi Ofufuza Amagwira Ntchito Bwanji ndi Maselo Oyambira?
Njirayi nthawi zambiri imayamba ndi maselo oyambira akuluakulu omwe amaperekedwa kapena kupanga maselo a iPS. Ofufuzawo amalima mamiliyoni ambiri a maselo amenewa mu labu pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapadera zopatsa thanzi. Cholinga chawo ndikuwongolera maselo oyambira awa kuti asinthe kukhala maselo enieni ofunikira—monga minofu ya mtima kapena ma neuron—pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zenizeni za mankhwala ndi zinthu zomwe zimakula.
Kodi Madokotala Amagwiritsa Ntchito Bwanji Maselo Oyambira Pakadali Pano?
Madokotala akugwiritsa kale ntchito bwino njira zochiritsira maselo oyambira matenda osiyanasiyana masiku ano. Ngati muli ndi vuto ladzidzidzi, chonde imbani 911 kapena ogwira ntchito zadzidzidzi m'deralo nthawi yomweyo.
- Kusamutsa Mafupa : Iyi ndi njira yodziwika bwino komanso yopambana kwambiri yothandizira maselo oyambira. Madokotala angagwiritse ntchito maselo oyambira akuluakulu kuti alowe m'malo mwa maselo owonongeka kapena osazolowereka m'mafupa anu ndi maselo athanzi. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda monga:
- Khansa za M'magazi : Kuphatikizapo khansa ya m'magazi, multiple myeloma, ndi non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Odwala nthawi zambiri amafunika kuikidwa maselo oyambira pambuyo polandira mankhwala amphamvu a chemotherapy kapena radiation, omwe ndi ofunikira kuwononga maselo a khansa m'mafupa.
- Matenda a Magazi: Kuphatikizapo matenda a majini monga sickle cell anemia ndi thalassemia.
- Aplastic Anemia: Matenda omwe mafupa anu amalephera kupanga maselo okwanira a magazi.
- Kusweka kwa Mafupa ndi Kuwonongeka kwa Cartilage: Madokotala angagwiritse ntchito zomangira mafupa—zopangidwa ndi minofu yopereka, maselo oyambira, ndi zinthu zina—kuti athandize kuchiritsa kusweka kwakukulu. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku akupitirirabe pankhani yogwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa maselo oyambira kuti akonze cartilage yowonongeka m'malo olumikizirana mafupa, monga mawondo.
Kodi madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito maselo oyambira a m'mimba?
Inde. Nthawi zina madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito maselo oyambira omwe amachokera ku magazi a chingwe choperekedwa kuti achiritse matenda a magazi, makamaka kwa ana. Magazi a chingwe amakhala ndi maselo oyambira omwe ali ofanana ndi a m'mimba koma ayamba kale kudziwika bwino. (Magazi a chingwe amatanthauza magazi omwe amatsala mu chingwe cholowera ndi placenta mwana akabadwa.) Chithandizo chokhacho chovomerezeka ndi FDA chomwe chimagwera m'gulu la maselo oyambira omwe amachokera ku m'mimba ndi kugwiritsa ntchito magazi a chingwe choperekedwa.
Kodi maselo oyambira ali kuti m'thupi langa?
Maselo oyambira amapezeka m'thupi lonse, ngakhale kuti amakhala m'minofu inayake. Amapezeka makamaka m'mafupa anu (gwero lalikulu), muubongo, m'mitsempha yamagazi, pakhungu, minofu, pachiwindi, ndi pamtima. Komabe, mukakalamba, kuchuluka ndi mphamvu ya maselo oyambira awa zimatha kuchepa mwachibadwa.
Ndi matenda ati omwe amakhudza maselo oyambira?
Mafupa anu—minofu yofewa yomwe ili mkati mwa mafupa anu ena—imapanga maselo oyambira omwe amasanduka maselo ofiira a magazi, maselo oyera a magazi, ndi ma platelets. Maselo ofiira a magazi amanyamula mpweya, maselo oyera a magazi amalimbana ndi matenda, ndipo ma platelets amathandiza kuchepetsa kutuluka kwa magazi. Chifukwa chake, chilichonse chomwe chimakhudza mafupa anu chingakhudze mwachindunji maselo oyambira omwe amayambitsa kupanga magazi anu. Matenda omwe amakhudza maselo oyambira ndi awa:
- Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi
- Matenda a Myeloproliferative (mikhalidwe yomwe mafupa amapanga maselo ambiri amagazi)
- Lymphoma (khansa ya dongosolo la lymphatic, yomwe ingakhudzenso mafupa)
- Khansa ya m'magazi (mtundu wa khansa ya m'magazi yomwe imayamba m'maselo oyambira a m'mafupa)
Kodi ndingatani kuti maselo anga oyambira akhale athanzi?
Ngakhale palibe njira yotsimikizika yowonjezerera kapena kupanga maselo oyambira ambiri, chifukwa ntchito yawo imadalira kwambiri majini ndi ukalamba, kutsatira zizolowezi zonse zathanzi kungathandize maselo a thupi lanu mwanjira ina:
- Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi: Yang'anani kwambiri mapuloteni opanda mafuta ambiri, ndiwo zamasamba zambiri, zipatso, ndi tirigu wonse. Zakudya zokhala ndi antioxidant yambiri monga mabuloberi, sitiroberi, ndi masamba akuda zingathandize kuteteza maselo ku kuwonongeka.
- Pewani kusuta fodya ndi fodya: Fodya ndi mdani wamkulu amene amawononga maselo, amawononga DNA, komanso amawonjezera kwambiri chiopsezo cha khansa.
- Chepetsani kumwa mowa: Potsatira malangizo a American Cancer Society, akulangizidwa kuti amuna achepetse kumwa mowa osapitirira ziwiri patsiku, ndipo akazi asapitirire chimodzi.
- Tetezani khungu lanu: Pewani kukhudzana kwambiri ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet (UV) kuchokera ku dzuwa kapena malo opaka utoto, zomwe zingawononge maselo a khungu ndikuyambitsa khansa.
- Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za katemera: Matenda ena a mavairasi, monga chiwindi, angayambitse kuwonongeka kwa maselo kwa nthawi yayitali.
- Sinthani kupsinjika kwanu: Kupsinjika maganizo kosatha kumawononga maselo anu. Phatikizanipo masewera olimbitsa thupi monga kusinkhasinkha kapena ingopumulani kuti muchepetse kupsinjika maganizo.
- Kugona mokwanira ndikofunika kwambiri: Kugona ndi nthawi yofunika kwambiri pamene thupi lanu limagwira ntchito yokonzanso maselo.
Kodi ndingathe kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa maselo oyambira mwachibadwa?
Mwina munawerengapo kuti mavitamini ena (monga D kapena B12) kapena zowonjezera zinazake zimatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa maselo oyambira m'thupi lanu kapena kukonza thanzi lawo. Ngakhale ofufuza akufufuza mozama maulalo awa, sizinatsimikizidwe kuti kumwa mavitamini enaake kapena kudya zakudya zina kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa maselo oyambira m'thupi lanu. Njira yabwino kwambiri ndikukhala ndi zakudya zoyenera komanso moyo wathanzi komanso wokangalika.
Kodi mfundo yofunika kwambiri ndi iti?
Monga tafotokozera, maselo oyambira ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la thupi lanu. Taganizirani kuti ngakhale thupi lanu limapangidwa ndi maselo ambirimbiri, maselo oyambira ndi apadera chifukwa ali ndi mphamvu zodabwitsa zodzibwerezabwereza kosatha ndikupanga maselo apadera ofunikira kuti akonze minofu yowonongeka.
Masiku ano, madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito kale mankhwala a stem cell kuti athetse komanso nthawi zina kuchiza khansa ya m'magazi ndi matenda a magazi. Ofufuza akuyembekeza kuti maselowa pamapeto pake angathandize kuchiza—kapena kuchiritsa—matenda ena akuluakulu, monga matenda a mtima, matenda a shuga, matenda a Parkinson, ndi ziwalo. Kafukufuku m'derali akupita patsogolo mofulumira.
Ndikukhulupirira kuti izi zikupatsani maziko olimba omvetsetsa maselo oyambira. Kukhala ndi chidziwitso chokhudza sayansi ya zamankhwala ndi njira imodzi yabwino kwambiri yosamalira thanzi lanu. Kupatula apo, chidziwitso ndicho chitetezo chanu chabwino kwambiri!
