Kodi maselo oyambira awa ndi chiyani? (Maselo oyambira) Tiyeni tipeze yankho lenileni!

Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo momwe matupi athu amapangidwira, ndi momwe maselo amenewa amadzikonzeretsa okha pamene tikukula? Matupi athu ndi olengedwa odabwitsa kwambiri. Gawo lofunika kwambiri la chilengedwe ichi ndi maselo oyambira omwe tikambirane lero, kapena monga momwe mwamvera, ``Maselo Oyambira``.

Ndiye kodi maselo oyambira awa ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, ngati thupi lanu ndi nyumba yaikulu, maselo oyambira awa ali ngati maziko a nyumbayo. Maselo oyambira awa ndi mtundu wokhawo wa selo m'thupi lathu, ndipo amatha kupanga mitundu ina ya maselo omwe amachita ntchito zinazake. Tangoganizani, tili ndi maselo ambirimbiri m'thupi lathu, ndipo maselo oyambira awa amatha kupanga mitundu yoposa 200 ya maselo apadera. Mwachitsanzo, zinthu monga maselo amagazi, maselo a mafupa. Mtundu wina wa selo loyambira umapanga thupi lathu lonse. Kenako, mtundu wina wa selo loyambira, monga gulu lokonza, umakonza ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi lathu.

Kodi maselo oyambira awa amagwira ntchito bwanji?

Pali zinthu ziwiri zomwe maselo oyambira amachita zomwe palibe selo lina lomwe lingachite.

• Choyamba n’chakuti amatha kupitiriza kudzigawikana ndikupanga makope ofanana ndi awo. Maselo abwinobwino amagawikananso, koma amakhala ndi nthawi yochepa yokhalitsa. Koma maselo oyambira satero, amatha kupitiriza kudzikonzanso okha.
• Chachiwiri n’chakuti okha ndi omwe angapange maselo apadera (osiyana). Izi zikutanthauza kuti, ngati minofu yawonongeka, amatha kupanga maselo atsopano kuti alowe m’malo mwake. Uwu ndi luso lofunika kwambiri. Nazi zitsanzo zingapo:
• Mtundu wotchedwa ``Hematopoietic stem cells'' (wotchulidwa ngati 'he-ma-to-poy-ee-tik'') umathandiza kupanga maselo athu a m'magazi (maselo ofiira, maselo oyera) ndi maselo a chitetezo chamthupi.
• Maselo oyambira amathandiza maselo athu a khungu , amafunika kuti khungu lizikonzedwanso komanso kuti mabala achire.
• Maselo oyambira a Mesenchymal (otchedwa 'me-sen-ky-mal') amathandiza kupanga zinthu monga mafupa, cartilage, minofu, ndi maselo amafuta.

N’chifukwa chiyani maselo oyambira awa ndi ofunikira kwambiri?

Maselo oyambira si ofunikira kokha pakupanga ndi kusamalira matupi athu , komanso ndi ofunikira pa kafukufuku wa zamankhwala. Ofufuza amafufuza maselo oyambira pazifukwa zingapo zofunika kwambiri:

• Kumvetsetsa momwe matenda amakulira: Ofufuza akukula maselo oyambira kuchokera ku minofu ndi ziwalo zosiyanasiyana. Poona momwe maselowa amasinthira akamakula, amatha kumvetsetsa bwino momwe matenda monga matenda a shuga , matenda a mtima , ndi matenda amitsempha amayambira ndikukulira pamlingo wa maselo.
• Kupeza ngati maselo oyambira angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo mwa maselo owonongeka kapena osadwala: Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa ziyembekezo zazikulu za maselo oyambira. Ofufuza akufufuza momwe maselo oyambira angagwiritsidwire ntchito kusiyanitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo ndikuchiza kuwonongeka kapena matenda m'thupi linalake. Tangoganizirani, tsiku lina, maselo oyambira angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo mwa khungu lowonongeka ndi kutentha kwambiri, kukonza pang'ono kuvulala kwa msana, kapena kuchiza matenda monga matenda a Parkinson .
• Yesani mankhwala atsopano ndi mankhwala: Ofufuza amagwiritsa ntchito maselo oyambira kuti apeze mankhwala omwe angakhale othandiza kwambiri pa matenda enaake. Pogwiritsa ntchito maselo oyambira osinthidwa mwapadera (monga maselo omwe asinthidwa majini kuti akhale ndi matenda enaake), amatha kudziwa ngati mankhwalawa akugwira ntchito, ndi otetezeka, komanso ali ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa asanapereke kwa anthu mu mayeso azachipatala. Izi zitha kuchepetsanso nthawi ndi ndalama zopezera mankhwala atsopano.

Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya maselo oyambira ndi iti?

Madokotala amagawa maselo oyambira kutengera komwe akuchokera kapena ntchito yawo. Koma anthu ambiri mwina adamvapo za magulu a maselowa kutengera komwe akuchokera. Tiyeni tiwone mitundu ikuluikulu:

• Maselo oyambira m'mimba (pluripotent): Maselo amenewa ali ndi mphamvu zodabwitsa zokhala mtundu uliwonse wa selo. Izi zikutanthauza maselo a khungu, maselo a mtima, maselo a ubongo, chilichonse! 'Pluri' amatanthauza 'ambiri'. 'Amphamvu' amachokera ku liwu la Chilatini lotanthauza 'luso'. Ofufuza zachipatala amapeza maselo oyambira a m'mimba awa kuchokera ku magazi a chingwe choperekedwa kapena kuchokera ku mazira operekedwa kuti akafufuzidwe kudzera mu feteleza wa mu vitro.

Chofunika: Pali malingaliro ndi nkhani zosiyanasiyana za makhalidwe abwino zomwe zikukambidwa padziko lonse lapansi zokhudzana ndi kusonkhanitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito maselo oyambira a mluza awa. Chifukwa chake, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala kwambiri komanso motsatira malamulo okhwima.

• Maselo oyambira okha (okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri kapena osagwira ntchito): Maselo amenewa amathanso kupanga maselo atsopano oyambira, koma maselo okhawo omwe amakhala m'thupi lomwe amakhala. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, ndi apadera pang'ono. Mwachitsanzo, maselo oyambira omwe amapanga magazi m'mafupa anu amatha kupanga maselo atsopano a magazi ndi ma platelet. Koma sangathe kupanga maselo atsopano oyambira m'mapapo kapena chiwindi. Ofufuza amapeza maselo amenewa kuchokera ku minofu yoperekedwa ndi akuluakulu (atabadwa).
• Maselo oyambira opangika (maselo a iPS kapena ma iPSC):Izi ndi zina mwa zinthu zodabwitsa kwambiri zomwe zapezeka mu sayansi yamakono. Izi ndi maselo oyambira omwe amapangidwa mu labu. Amatenga maselo abwinobwino achikulire (monga maselo a khungu) ndikuwasintha majini kuti azichita zinthu ngati maselo oyambira a mluza, omwe amatha kukhala mtundu uliwonse wa selo. Maselo awa a ``(iPS)`` athandiza kupewa mavuto ambiri azachikhalidwe omwe abwera chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito maselo oyambira a mluza. Ofufuza zachipatala amagwiritsa ntchito maselowa kuphunzira momwe minofu imakulira, momwe matenda amakhudzira minofu, komanso kuyesa mankhwala atsopano ndi mankhwala.

Kodi ofufuza amagwira ntchito bwanji ndi maselo oyambira awa?

Njira imeneyi nthawi zambiri imayamba ndi maselo oyambira achikulire omwe amaperekedwa. Kapena, monga maselo oyambira omwe amapangika omwe tidakambirana kale, omwe ali ndi maselo abwinobwino. Kenako, ofufuza amakulitsa mamiliyoni a maselo amenewa munjira yapadera yopezera michere mu labu. Cholinga chawo ndikupanga maselo oyambawa kukhala maselo apadera omwe akufuna (monga maselo a minofu ya mtima, maselo amitsempha). Amagwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zamakemikolo ndi zinthu zomwe zimakula kuti achite izi.

Kodi madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito bwanji maselo oyambira pochiza matenda?

Madokotala akugwiritsa kale ntchito bwino maselo oyambira pochiza matenda ena.

• Kusamutsa Mafupa: Iyi ndi njira yotchuka komanso yopambana kwambiri yothandizira maselo oyambira . Madokotala angagwiritse ntchito maselo oyambira akuluakulu kuti alowe m'malo mwa maselo oyambira a mafupa owonongeka kapena osazolowereka. Awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda monga:
• Mitundu ya khansa ya m'magazi: Khansa ya m'magazi, multiple myeloma, ndi non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa nthawi zambiri amafunika kuikidwa maselo oyambira pambuyo polandira mankhwala amphamvu a chemotherapy kapena radiation kuti aphe maselo a khansa m'mafupa awo.
• Matenda a magazi: Matenda a majini monga sickle cell anemia ndi thalassemia.
• Aplastic Anemia: Matenda omwe mafupa sapanga maselo okwanira a magazi.
• Kusweka kwa mafupa ndi kuwonongeka kwa fupa: Madokotala nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito zomangira mafupa, zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera ku maselo oyambira omwe atengedwa kuchokera ku minofu ndi zinthu zina, kuti achiritse kusweka kwa mafupa. Komanso, jakisoni wa maselo oyambira akufufuzidwa kuti awone kuwonongeka kwa fupa m'malo olumikizirana mafupa monga bondo.

Kodi madokotala adzagwiritsa ntchito maselo oyambira a mluza?

Inde, nthawi zina madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito maselo oyambira kuchokera m'magazi a chingwe choperekedwa kuti achiritse matenda a magazi, makamaka mwa ana. Magazi a chingwe amakhala ndi maselo oyambira omwe ali ofanana ndi maselo oyambira a m'mimba, koma ndi apadera kwambiri. (Magazi a chingwe ndi magazi omwe amakhalabe mu chingwe cha umbilical ndi placenta mwana akabadwa.) Chithandizochi, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magazi operekedwa a chingwe, ndiye chithandizo chokhacho cha maselo oyambira a m'mimba chomwe chavomerezedwa ndi U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Kodi maselo oyambira awa ali kuti m'thupi lathu?

Muli ndi maselo oyambira m'thupi lanu lonse, koma minofu yosiyanasiyana imakhala ndi maselo oyambira omwe ali ndi minofu imeneyo. Amapezeka makamaka m'mafupa anu (ichi ndiye gwero lalikulu kwambiri), muubongo, m'mitsempha yamagazi, pansi pa khungu lanu, minofu, chiwindi, ndi mtima . Komabe, mukakalamba, chiwerengero cha maselo oyambira ndi ntchito yawo chingachepe.

Kodi ndi matenda ati omwe amakhudza maselo oyambira?

Mafupa anu - minofu yofewa, yooneka ngati siponji mkati mwa mafupa ena - ndi komwe maselo oyambira omwe amakhala maselo amagazi (maselo ofiira, maselo oyera) ndi ma platelet amapangidwa. Maselo ofiira amagazi amanyamula mpweya m'thupi lonse. Maselo oyera amagazi amalimbana ndi matenda. Ma platelet amawongolera kutuluka kwa magazi. Chifukwa chake, chilichonse chomwe chimakhudza mafupa anu chingakhudze mwachindunji maselo oyambira awa omwe amapanga magazi. Matenda ena ofala omwe amakhudza maselo oyambira ndi awa:

• Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi
• Matenda a myeloproliferative (izi ndi zinthu zomwe maselo a m'mafupa amabereka mopitirira muyeso)
• Lymphoma (khansa ya lymphatic system, koma ingakhudzenso mafupa)
• Khansa ya m'magazi (khansa ya m'magazi yomwe imayamba mwachindunji kuchokera ku maselo oyambira m'mafupa)

Kodi ndingatani kuti maselo anga oyambira akhale athanzi?

Palibe njira yotsimikizika yopangira ndikusunga maselo oyambira athanzi, chifukwa ntchito yawo imadalira majini ndi ukalamba. Komabe, kutsatira zizolowezi zabwino zaumoyo kungathandize maselo athu onse mwanjira ina, kuphatikizapo maselo oyambira:

• Idyani zakudya zoyenera: Phatikizani mapuloteni opanda mafuta ambiri, ndiwo zamasamba zambiri, zipatso, ndi tirigu wonse. Zakudya zokhala ndi ma antioxidants ambiri (mabulosi abuluu, sitiroberi, ndiwo zamasamba zobiriwira) zingathandize kuteteza maselo ku kuwonongeka.
• Pewani kusuta fodya ndi kugwiritsa ntchito fodya kotheratu: Fodya ndi mdani wamkulu amene amawononga maselo, amawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa, komanso amawononga DNA.
• Ngati mumamwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa, chepetsani kuchuluka kwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa:Malangizo a bungwe la American Cancer Society amanena kuti ngati mumwa mowa, amuna sayenera kumwa zakumwa zopitirira ziwiri patsiku ndipo akazi sayenera kumwa zakumwa zopitirira chimodzi patsiku.
• Tetezani khungu lanu ku kuwala kwa ultraviolet, kaya kuchokera ku dzuwa kapena malo otenthetsera: Kuwala kwa ultraviolet kumathanso kuwononga maselo a khungu ndikuyambitsa khansa.
• Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za katemera woteteza ku mavairasi. Matenda ena a mavairasi (monga chiwindi) angayambitse kuwonongeka kwa maselo kwa nthawi yayitali.
• Sinthani kupsinjika kwanu: Kupsinjika kwa nthawi yayitali kumawononga maselo a thupi. Mutha kuchepetsa kupsinjika maganizo kudzera mu zinthu monga kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusinkhasinkha, ndi kupumula.
• Gonani mokwanira: Ndi pamene mukugona pamene maselo a thupi amadzikonza okha.

Kodi ndingawonjezere kuchuluka kwa maselo oyambira m'thupi langa mwachibadwa?

Mwina munawerengapo kuti kumwa mavitamini ena (monga vitamini D ndi B12) kapena kumwa mankhwala ena owonjezera kungathandize thanzi la maselo oyambira kapena kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa maselo oyambira. Ofufuza akuphunzirabe za ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa mavitamini ena ndi thanzi la maselo oyambira. Komabe, sizikudziwika bwino ngati kumwa mavitamini okha kapena kudya zakudya zinazake kungawonjezere kuchuluka kwa maselo oyambira. Chinthu chabwino kwambiri choti muchite ndikudya zakudya zoyenera komanso kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi.

Ndiye, kodi uthenga woti titengere kunyumba kuchokera mu nkhaniyi ndi wotani?

Chabwino, kuchokera pa zomwe takambiranazi, zikuonekeratu momwe maselo oyambira alili odabwitsa komanso ofunikira m'thupi lathu. Tangoganizani, pali maselo ambirimbiri m'thupi lathu. Pakati pawo, maselo oyambira ndi apadera chifukwa ndi mtundu wokhawo wa selo womwe ungapange makope awo okha kosatha ndikupanga maselo apadera omwe angathe kukonza maselo owonongeka.

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito kale mankhwala a stem cell kuti athetse komanso nthawi zina kuchiza matenda monga khansa ya m'magazi ndi matenda a magazi. Ofufuza zachipatala amakhulupirira kuti maselo amenewa ali ndi mphamvu zochizira komanso mwina kuchiza matenda ena ambiri akuluakulu (monga matenda a mtima, matenda a shuga, matenda a Parkinson, ziwalo). Choncho kafukufuku m'munda uno akupitirira, ndipo akupitirira mofulumira.

Kotero, ndikukhulupirira kuti mwapeza chidziwitso choyambira cha maselo oyambira. Kudziwa sayansi ya zamankhwala ngati iyi kumatithandiza kuganizira kwambiri za thanzi lathu, sichoncho? Chifukwa, chidziwitso ndiye chitetezo chabwino kwambiri!