Kodi mumadziwa zinthu izi zokhudza mapapu anu? Tiyeni tikambirane!

Kodi munayamba mwaganizapo za kudabwitsa kwa momwe timapumira? Ngakhale kuti timangopuma, pali nkhani yaikulu kumbuyo kwake. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha chiwalo chodabwitsa m'thupi lathu. Chimenecho ndi mapapu athu. Ndiye lero, tiyeni tikambirane za mnzathu wotchedwa mapapu ? Kodi amagwira ntchito bwanji, ndi matenda ati omwe angamupeze, ndipo tiyenera kumusamalira bwanji? Tiyeni tikambirane mwachidule.

Kodi mapapo anu ali bwanji?

Mwachidule, mapapo anu ndi ziwalo ziwiri zazikulu zomwe zimakuthandizani kupuma. Ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la dongosolo lanu la kupuma. Dongosolo la kupuma ndi gulu la ziwalo zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi njira yonse yopezera mpweya, kuchotsa zinthu zomwe timafunikira, ndikuchotsa zinthu zomwe sitikufuna.

Muli ndi mapapu awiri, limodzi kumbali yakumanja ya chifuwa chanu ndi lina kumanzere. Chifuwa chanu ndi malo omwe ali pakati pa khosi lanu ndi mimba yanu. Mapapu onse awiri amaphimbidwa ndi chophimba choteteza chotchedwa pleural tissue . Chili ngati buku lokhala ndi chivundikiro.

Papu lamanja ndi lamanzere - ngati abale awiri!

Ngakhale kuti mapapo awiriwa amaoneka ofanana pang'ono, pali kusiyana pang'ono.

• Mapapu akumanja: Amagawidwa m'magawo atatu. Timawatcha gawo lapamwamba `(Superior lobe)`, gawo lapakati `(Middle lobe)`, ndi gawo lapansi `(Inferior lobe)`. Ndi lalifupi pang'ono kuposa mapapu akumanzere, koma lokulirapo.
• Mapapu akumanzere: Ali ndi ma lobes awiri. Ndi lobe yapamwamba `(Superior lobe)` ndi lobe yapansi `(Inferior lobe)`. Mukuganiza kuti nchifukwa chiyani lakumanzere ndi laling'ono? Chifukwa chake, liyenera kupereka malo a mtima wanu. Mtima uli kumanzere. Ndicho chifukwa chake mapapu akumanzere ali ndi malo pang'ono `(Cardiac notch)` kuti apereke malo a mtima. Komanso, mapapu akumanzere ali ndi malo owonjezera pamwamba otchedwa `(Lingula)` , omwe mapapu akumanja alibe.

Kodi mapapo amapereka chithandizo chotani kwa ife?

Ntchito yaikulu ya mapapo ndi kupatsa matupi athu mpweya womwe amafunikira komanso kutulutsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide womwe saufuna. Izi zimachitika pafupifupi nthawi 12 mpaka 20 pamphindi, ngakhale titangoyima. Tangoganizani, ntchito imeneyi siima ngakhale titagona!

Ulendo wodabwitsa wopuma

Mukapuma kudzera m'mphuno kapena pakamwa panu, mpweya umalowa kaye kumbuyo kwa pakhosi panu, m'khosi. Kenako umadutsa m'khola (bokosi lathu la mawu) ndi kulowa mu trachea (mpweya wotuluka).

Mphepo ya mphepo iyi imagawika pawiri, monga chilembo Y. Amatchedwa machubu akuluakulu a bronchial. Chubu chimodzi chimapita ku mapapo akumanzere, ndipo china chimapita ku mapapo akumanja. Njira zopumira izi ziyenera kukhala zotseguka nthawi zonse, zopanda kutupa kapena ntchofu. Pokhapokha mapapo angagwire ntchito bwino.

Kenako njira zazikuluzikulu zopumira mpweya zimagawikana m'machubu ang'onoang'ono. Izi zimatchedwa bronchi. Izi zimagawikananso m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, omwe amatchedwa bronchioles . Ma bronchi awa amatha m'matumba ang'onoang'ono a mpweya omwe amawoneka ngati magulu a mphesa. Izi zimatchedwa alveoli .

Mpweya wa oxygen walowa, mpweya wa carbon dioxide watuluka!

Ndi m'ma alveoli awa momwe mumachitika kusinthana kodabwitsa. Mpweya womwe timapuma umalowa m'magazi kudzera m'ma alveoli awa. Magazi okhala ndi mpweya wambiri amapita kumtima, komwe amapopedwa m'thupi lonse. Umu ndi momwe selo lililonse limapezera mpweya.

Maselo akamagwiritsa ntchito mpweya umenewu kuti agwire ntchito, mpweya wa carbon dioxide umapangidwa ngati zinyalala. Mpweya wa carbon dioxide umatengedwanso m'magazi ndikutengedwa kupita ku mapapo. Tikatulutsa mpweya, ndiko kuti, tikamapuma, mpweya wa carbon dioxide umatulutsidwa m'thupi.

Oteteza mapapo

Mapumidwe athu ndi abwino kwambiri poletsa zinthu zomwe zimavulaza thupi kuti zisalowe m'mapapo.

• Tsitsi la m'mphuno : Izi zimagwira ntchito ngati zosefera zomwe zimayeretsa mpweya. Zimasunga tinthu tambirimbiri ta fumbi ndi tizilombo, ndi zina zotero, m'mphuno.
• Mafinya: Mafinya awa amasunga mpweya wonyowa. Amasunganso fumbi ndi mabakiteriya .
• Cilia : Izi zili ngati ma broom. Zimathandiza kukweza mamina ndikuthandiza kutulutsa. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe kusuta fodya kulili koopsa ndichakuti ma cilia awa amataya ntchito yawo. Izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a m'mapapo.

Zinthu zodabwitsa zokhudza mapapu!

Tsopano, yang'anani mfundo izi. Mwina simunamvepo izi kale.

• Mungathe kukhala ndi mapapu anu atachotsedwa. Kodi sizodabwitsa? Nthawi zina mungakhale ndi mapapu amodzi okha.
• Mapapu ndi chiwalo chokhacho m'thupi lathu chomwe chimayandama chikayikidwa m'madzi!
• Mukamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, mutha kuwonjezera mphamvu ya mapapo anu, yomwe ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe mungapume.
• M'mapapo mwa munthu wamkulu muli ma alveoli okwana 300 mpaka 500 miliyoni! N'zosadabwitsa, sichoncho?

Kodi mapapu anu ali kuti? Kodi amaoneka bwanji?

Mapapu anu ali mkati mwa chifuwa. Amakhazikika pa minofu yotchedwa diaphragm .

Mapapu abwino nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi utoto wofiirira-imvi. Mwina mwawonapo zithunzi za mapapo a osuta fodya ndi osasuta. Mapapu owonongeka ndi kusuta fodya amakhala ndi imvi yakuda, nthawi zina amakhala ndi madontho akuda. Mapapuwo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a katatu, ndipo nthawi zina amafotokozedwa kuti amafanana ndi makutu a njovu.

Mapapu a munthu wamkulu amalemera pafupifupi kilogalamu imodzi. Amatalika pafupifupi mainchesi 9 panthawi yopuma, ndipo amakula kufika pa mainchesi 10.5 panthawi yopuma mozama.

Ndi matenda ati omwe angakhudze mapapo athu?

Mwatsoka, mapapo athu amathanso kudwala matenda osiyanasiyana. Ena ndi ang'onoang'ono ndipo amachira mwachangu. Koma ena ndi oopsa kwambiri ndipo amatha kukhala nthawi yayitali. Nazi zina mwa matenda ofala kwambiri:

• Asbestosis: Zilonda m'mapapo ndi minofu ya pleural zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kupuma ulusi wa asbestos.
• Mphumu: Kuvutika kupuma chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa njira zopumira.
• Bronchiectasis: Kutupa kwa machubu a bronchial, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chifuwa chikhale chofewa komanso kupuma movutikira.
• Matenda a m'mphuno: Chizindikiro chachikulu ndi chifuwa. Ichi chingakhale chadzidzidzi, chomwe chimabwera mwadzidzidzi ndikuchira, kapena chosatha, chomwe chimakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali.
• COPD (Matenda Osatha a M'mapapo Oletsa Kupuma): Matenda opuma omwe amapitirirabe, osasinthika.
• Covid-19 `(COVID-19)`: Matenda a kachilomboka angayambitse matenda opuma pang'ono mpaka aakulu.
• Croup: Matenda opatsirana m'mapapo omwe amakhudza ana aang'ono osakwana zaka 5.
• Cystic Fibrosis: Matenda a majini omwe amamatira komanso okhuthala amasonkhana m'mapapo ndi ziwalo zina.
• Fuluwenza: Matenda a m'mapapo omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kachilombo.
• Khansa ya m'mapapo: Kusuta fodya ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa izi.
• Mesothelioma: Iyi ndi mtundu wa khansa. Imayamba makamaka chifukwa chopuma ulusi wa asbestos.
• Chibayo: Matenda a m'mapapo. Angayambitse madzi kudzaza mapapo ndipo angafunike kugonekedwa kuchipatala.
• Pulmonary Fibrosis: Kuvutika kupuma chifukwa cha zipsera m'mapapo. Izi sizingachiritsidwe.
• Ma Nodule a M'mapapo: Ma ducts omwe amapangika m'mapapo. Nthawi zambiri, awa si khansa (osaopsa).
• RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus): Matenda opatsirana omwe angakhudze ana aang'ono ndi akuluakulu.
• Chifuwa chachikulu: Izi zimakhudza kwambiri mapapo, komanso zimatha kukhudza ziwalo zina za thupi.

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a m'mapapo ndi ziti? Kodi mumazindikira bwanji?

Zizindikiro za matenda a m'mapapo zingaphatikizepo:

• Kupuma movutikira: Kumva kupuma movutikira ngakhale mutachita khama pang'ono.
• Kupweteka pachifuwa: Kupweteka pachifuwa popuma kapena kukhosomola.
• Chifuwa: Makamaka chifuwa chosatha, chifuwa chomwe chimabweretsa magazi ndi phlegm.
• Kutopa: Kungomva kutopa.
• Kupuma movutikira: Phokoso la mluzu lomwe limamveka pachifuwa popuma.
• Kutupa kwa akakolo ndi mapazi.

Chofunika: Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, onetsetsani kuti mwaonana ndi dokotala. Kuzindikira msanga n'kosavuta kuchiza.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amachitidwa kuti aone ngati mapapu ali bwino?

Mukapita kwa dokotala, adzakuyesani ndikupeza zina.

Momwe dokotala amakuwonerani

• Mapapu amamvedwa ndi stethoscope kuti aone ngati pali phokoso lililonse losazolowereka, monga ``Crackles/Rales'' (mawu ang'onoang'ono otuluka), ``Wheezing'' (mawu opuma otuluka mofulumira), ndi ``Stridor'' (mawu opuma otuluka mofulumira).
• Kupuma kumawerengera kangati komwe mumapuma pamphindi imodzi.
• Adzamvetsera mapapu anu ndikuwona ngati pali kusintha kwa mawu anu.
• Choyezera mpweya (pulse oximeter) ndi chipangizo chaching'ono chomwe chimalumikizidwa ku chala ndipo chimayesa kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'magazi.

Kuwonjezera pa kuyezetsa thupi kumeneku, dokotala angalamule mayeso ena.

Kujambula zithunzi kuti muwone mkati - Mayeso Ojambula

Mayeso amenewa amathandiza dokotala kuona momwe matenda alili mkati mwa mapapo.

• X-ray pachifuwa
• Kujambula kwa CT `(Kujambula kwa Computed Tomography)`
• Ultrasound
• Kujambula kwa MRI `(Kujambula kwa Magnetic Resonance Imaging)`

Mayeso a Ntchito ya M'mapapo (Mayeso omwe amafufuza momwe mapapo akugwirira ntchito)

Izi zimatchedwanso mayeso a pulmonary function. Zimawunika momwe mapapu anu amatha kupuma bwino komanso kusunga mpweya.

• Spirometry
• Kujambula Thupi la Thupi
• Kuyesa Kufalikira
• Mayeso a Nitric Oxide Otuluka M'thupi
• Kuyesa Kuchuluka kwa Mapapo
• Mayeso a Kupuma a Methacholine
• Mayeso Oyenda a Mphindi Zisanu ndi Chimodzi

Pakhozanso kukhala mayeso ochitidwa pansi pa anesthesia.

Nthawi zina kamera imayikidwa m'mapapo kuti ione mkati (Bronchoscopy), chidutswa cha minofu chimatengedwa ndikuwunikidwa (Lung Biopsy), kapena thoracotomy imachitidwa.Mungafunike kuyesedwa/kulandira chithandizo chomwe chimafuna kutsegula chifuwa, monga x-ray ya pachifuwa. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika pansi pa mankhwala oletsa ululu.

Kodi mankhwala a matenda a m'mapapo ndi otani?

Ngati muli ndi vuto la m'mapapo, chithandizo chanu chidzadalira mtundu wa vuto lomwe muli nalo komanso thanzi lanu lonse. Njira zina zochiritsira zingaphatikizepo mankhwala, masewera olimbitsa thupi, zida zapadera, ndi opaleshoni.

Mankhwala

Izi zitha kuperekedwa ngati chopumira, ngati madzi a nebulizer, ngati mapiritsi omwa, kapena ngati jakisoni.

• Ma steroid amachepetsa kutupa m'njira zopumira.
• Mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amachiritsa matenda.
• Ma bronchodilator okulitsa njira zopumira. Izi zimabwera munjira zazifupi komanso zazitali.
• Mankhwala a Mucolytic amathandiza kuchepetsa ntchofu ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kutsokomola.
• Kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa okosijeni pogwiritsa ntchito Oxygen Therapy .
• Chiritsani khansa ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy ndi/kapena radiation therapy .
• Katemera woteteza ku matenda.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi ndi zowonjezera

• Njira zapadera zopumira, mwachitsanzo (Pursed Lip Breathing) ndi (Diaphragmatic Breathing) .
• Zipangizo zochotsera mpweya , monga Vest Therapy, zimathandiza kuchotsa mamina m'njira zopumira.

Opaleshoni

Nthawi zina, opaleshoni ndi yofunika.

• Kuchotsa gawo la mapapo (Lobectomy) .
• Kuchotsa zilonda ziwiri za m'mapapo (Bilobectomy) .
• Thoracentesis ndi njira yochotsera madzi m'mapapo.
• Kuchotsa mapapo onse (Pneumonectomy) .
• Kusamutsa mapapo .

Kodi tingatani kuti mapapu athu akhale athanzi? (Uthenga Wopita Kunyumba)

Chabwino, ichi ndiye gawo lofunika kwambiri. Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe tingachite kuti mapapo athu akhale athanzi, kapena kuti tithane ndi matenda a mapapo ngati tili nawo.

• Choyamba komanso chofunika kwambiri ndikusiya kusuta ngati mutasiya. Chimodzimodzinso ndi kusuta fodya. Iyi ndi mphatso yabwino kwambiri yomwe mungapatse mapapu anu.
• Yesetsani kukhala ndi thupi labwino. Anthu onenepa kwambiri sangakhale ndi khansa ya m'mapapo.
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse. Koma funsani dokotala wanu musanayambe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
• Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi, pamlingo woyenera.
• Imwani madzi ambiri (pokhapokha ngati dokotala wanu wachepetsa kumwa madzi).
• Pezani katemera woperekedwa ndi dokotala pa nthawi yake.Mwachitsanzo, katemera wa chimfine, katemera wa chibayo.
• Sambani m'manja mwanu pafupipafupi komanso mokwanira. Izi zingakuthandizeni kutetezani ku matenda.
• Khalani kutali ndi anthu odwala momwe mungathere.

Kumbukirani, ngakhale kuti njira zathu zopumira zili ndi njira zotitetezera, mapapo athu amatha kudwala. Ena amachira msanga. Koma ena amakhala oopsa ndipo amakhala nthawi yayitali. Ngati muli ndi vuto la mapapo kwa nthawi yayitali, dokotala wanu adzakutumizani kwa katswiri wa mapapo . Chofunika kwambiri ndikutsatira malangizo omwe gulu lanu lachipatala lapereka. Kenako mutha kupuma mosavuta momwe mungathere.

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