Kodi dokotala wanu wakupatsani mankhwala a 'Antimetabolite' kwa inu kapena munthu wina wapafupi nanu kuti achize matenda a khansa? Ngati ndi choncho, mungafune kudziwa zonse zokhudza mtundu uwu wa mankhwala, zabwino ndi zoyipa zake, komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito. Mankhwala a antimetabolite ndi gulu la mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chemotherapy kuti aphe khansa. Ndipotu, ndi mankhwala akale kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza khansa, kuyambira m'ma 1940.
Kodi ma antimetabolites amenewa ndi ati? Amagwira ntchito bwanji?
Mwachidule, mankhwala oletsa metabolites ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amawononga maselo (cytotoxic) . Ntchito yawo ndi yobisika kwambiri.
Tangoganizirani, selo m'thupi lathu, makamaka selo la khansa, limafuna zina mwa 'zosakaniza' zake kuti likule, ligawane, ndi kuchulukana. Chomwe mankhwalawa amachita ndikuchita ngati 'chosakaniza chabodza' chomwe chimawoneka ngati zosakanizazo. Kotero maselo a khansa amanyengedwa ndipo m'malo mwa zosakaniza zenizeni zomwe amafunika kuti akule, amadya zosakaniza zabodza izi, mankhwala athu.
Chidziwitso cha majini cha selo, chomwe ndi chithunzi chonse cha selo limenelo, chili mu zinthu zotchedwa DNA ndi RNA . Mankhwala oletsa metabolite amenewa akalowa mu selo la khansa, selo limenelo silingathe kupanga makope a DNA yake. Zili ngati kuyika katiriji yolakwika mu chosindikizira ndipo silingathe kupanga makope.
DNA ikalephera kukopedwa, selo limenelo silingagawikane kukhala maselo atsopano. Maselo a khansa amasiya kuberekana ndipo amafa.
Popeza mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito makamaka pogawa maselo mwachangu , ndi othandiza kwambiri poletsa khansa zomwe zikukula mofulumira.
Pansipa pali ena mwa mankhwala oletsa metabolites omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza khansa.
| Ma antimetabolites ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri |
|---|
| 6-mercaptopurine |
| Fludarabine |
| 5-fluorouracil |
| Gemcitabine |
| Cytarabine |
| Pemetrexed |
| Methotrexate |
Kodi mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mitundu iti ya khansa?
Mankhwala oletsa metabolites amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza khansa ya m'magazi monga khansa ya m'magazi , khansa ya m'mawere , khansa ya m'chiberekero , ndi khansa ya m'matumbo .
Koma chifukwa chakuti mankhwala amenewa amatha kuletsa kukula kwa mtundu uliwonse wa maselo omwe amagawikana mofulumira, madokotala amawalimbikitsanso pa mitundu ina yosiyanasiyana ya khansa.
Kodi ndingapeze bwanji mankhwala awa?
Momwe mankhwala oletsa metabolite amaperekedwera zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi mankhwala omwe akukambidwa komanso mtundu wa khansa yomwe ikuchiritsidwa.
- Mapiritsi kapena zakumwa: Mankhwala ena oletsa metabolites amapezeka ngati mapiritsi kapena zakumwa zomwe zitha kumwedwa tsiku lililonse.
- Kulowetsedwa m'mitsempha (IV): Pali mitundu ina ya jakisoni yomwe imaperekedwa mumtsempha. Nthawi zambiri imaperekedwa ngati madzi amchere kudzera mumtsempha. Kwa anthu omwe akutenga chithandizo cha nthawi yayitali, nthawi zina mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kudzera mu chubu chapadera (mediport) chomwe chimayikidwa mumtsempha waukulu, wapakati.
- Ma kirimu: Ma antimetabolites omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa ya pakhungu amapezekanso ngati mafuta odzola pakhungu. Awa amapakidwa pamalo akhungu omwe akhudzidwa kamodzi kapena kawiri patsiku.
Kodi ubwino ndi zoopsa za chithandizochi ndi ziti?
Ubwino waukulu wa mankhwala amtunduwu ndi wakuti amawononga maselo a khansa, amaletsa kukula kwa khansa kapena kuichepetsa. Izi zimathandiza wodwalayo kuchira ndikutalikitsa moyo wake.
Komabe, pali chiopsezo . Mankhwalawa sagwira ntchito mofanana kwa aliyense. Nthawi zina, ngakhale madokotala amavutika kudziwa khansa yeniyeni yomwe mankhwalawa ndi oyenera.
Chinthu china chofunika n’chakuti nthawi zina, ngakhale poyamba zimagwira ntchito bwino, pakapita nthawi, maselo a khansa amazolowera mankhwala amenewa. Timatcha kuti 'osagwira ntchito'. Kenako mankhwalawo sangagwirenso ntchito.
Kodi zotsatirapo zoyipa za antimetabolites ndi ziti?
Popeza mankhwala oletsa kupha mabakiteriya ndi gulu la mankhwala, osati mankhwala amodzi, zotsatira zake zimatha kusiyana. Chifukwa chake, ngati mwapatsidwa mankhwala enaake oletsa kupha mabakiteriya, ndikofunikira kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za zotsatira zake zinazake.
Koma kawirikawiri, pali zotsatirapo zingapo zomwe zimapezeka ndi ma antimetabolites ambiri.
| Zotsatira Zam'mbali | Kufotokozera |
|---|---|
| Mavuto a m'mimba | Kusanza, kusanza, kusowa chilakolako cha chakudya, kutsegula m'mimba, kapena kudzimbidwa. |
| Kusasangalala ndi thupi | Kutopa, kufooka, kupweteka kwa minofu, mutu, ndi chizungulire. |
| Kusintha kwa mkamwa ndi milomo | Zilonda kapena kutupa mkamwa ndi milomo. |
| Zotsatirapo pa chiwindi | Ma enzymes okwera a chiwindi (izi zitha kusonyeza kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi kapena kutupa). |
| Khungu ndi tsitsi | Kutaya tsitsi, ziphuphu pakhungu, khungu louma komanso losweka. |
| Kusintha kwa maso | Kusintha kwa masomphenya kapena kukhudzidwa ndi kuwala. |
| Zotsatirapo pa maselo a magazi | Kuchepa kwa maselo oyera m'magazi, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda. |
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Mankhwala oletsa kukalamba ndi mtundu wa mankhwala a chemotherapy omwe amapusitsa maselo a khansa kuti asiye kukula kwawo.
- Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa khansa zomwe zikukula mofulumira monga khansa ya m'magazi, khansa ya m'mawere, ya mazira, ndi ya m'matumbo.
- Ngakhale kuti mankhwala amenewa ali ndi ubwino wowononga maselo a khansa, alinso ndi zoopsa monga kusamva mankhwala ndi zotsatirapo zake.
- Popeza zotsatira zake zimasiyana malinga ndi mankhwala, ndikofunikira kudziwa bwino mankhwala omwe mukumwa komanso zotsatira zake.
- Chofunika kwambiri: Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu mosazengereza za mankhwala omwe mwapatsidwa, zotsatira zake, ndi mafunso kapena nkhawa zilizonse zomwe mungakhale nazo. Iye yekha ndiye angakupatseni upangiri wolondola komanso woyenera.
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