Kodi inunso muli ndi vuto lolankhula ndi kumvetsetsa? Kodi kungakhale aphasia?

Kodi mungaganizire momwe zingakhalire ngati mwadzidzidzi simungathe kulankhula, kumvetsetsa zomwe ena akunena, kuwerenga, kapena kulemba? Zili ngati kusochera kudziko lina osamvetsa chilankhulocho. Nthawi zina sitingathe kupempha madzi, kumvetsetsa zomwe mnzanu akunena, kapena kunena kuti, "Ayi, ndikuvutika." Ndicho chimene aphasia ilili. Zingamveke zoopsa, koma tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane.

Kodi Aphasia ndi chiyani? Tiyeni timvetse mosavuta

Mwachidule, aphasia ndi vuto lomwe gawo la ubongo wanu lomwe limalamulira chilankhulo limawonongeka, zomwe zimakhudza luso lanu lolankhulana ndi ena, kutanthauza, kulankhula, kumvetsera, kuwerenga, ndi kulemba. Izi sizikhudza luntha . Luntha lanu lingakhale losatha, koma kugwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo ndiko komwe kumalephera.

Vutoli limapezeka kwambiri munthu akagwidwa ndi sitiroko. Lingayambitsidwenso ndi matenda ena omwe amasokoneza ntchito ya ubongo. Nthawi zina, aphasia yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha chinthu chakanthawi, monga mutu waching'alang'ala, imatha kusintha pakapita nthawi. Komabe, aphasia yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha kuvulala kwakukulu kwa mutu, monga kuvulala koopsa kwa ubongo, imatha kukhala yokhalitsa.

Koma palibe chodetsa nkhawa. Pali njira zochizira izi. Pali njira zochizira zomwe zingakuthandizeni kulankhulananso ndikumvetsetsa mbali zosiyanasiyana za chilankhulo.

Kodi pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya aphasia?

Inde, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya aphasia. Kunena zoona, pali mitundu ingapo yomwe imadziwika ndi mayina osiyanasiyana, monga anomic aphasia, Broca's aphasia, ndi Wernicke's aphasia. Zizindikiro za mtundu uliwonse zimatha kusiyana pang'ono. Koma chachikulu ndichakuti zimagwirizana ndi chilankhulo. Dokotala angakuuzeni mtundu womwe muli nawo.

Kodi vutoli ndi lofala bwanji?

Ponena za momwe izi zilili zofala, malinga ndi ziwerengero zochokera kudziko ngati America, akuti anthu pafupifupi mazana awiri zikwi amapezeka ndi vutoli chaka chilichonse. Izi zikutanthauza kuti vutoli lingakhudze pafupifupi munthu m'modzi pa anthu mazana awiri mphambu makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu awiri. Palinso anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli ku Sri Lanka, kotero ndikofunikira kudziwa izi.

Kodi zizindikiro za aphasia ndi ziti?

Chabwino, tsopano tiyeni tiwone zizindikiro za aphasia. Monga ndanenera kale, zizindikiro zimatha kusiyana pang'ono kutengera mtundu wa aphasia womwe muli nawo. Koma, nthawi zambiri, mudzawona zinthu ngati izi:

Kuvuta kupeza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mawu polankhula (Chilankhulo Chofotokozera)

Izi ndi zomwe zimachitika:

• N'zovuta kupeza mawu oyenera. Mukayesa kunena zomwe zili mumtima mwanu, mawuwo samabwera. Nthawi zina mumafuna kunena kuti "madzi," koma simungakumbukire mawuwo.
• Mawu olakwika amatchulidwa. Nthawi zina liwu lina lingalowe m'malo mwa liwu losagwirizana. Monga kunena kuti "yang'anani" kenako "idyani".
• Zilembo zomwe zili m'mawu zimatchulidwa mobwerezabwereza. Mwachitsanzo, "koppe" ikhoza kutchulidwa kuti "pokkae".
• Mawu atsopano, mawu opanda tanthauzo, angapangidwe.
• Mawu kapena mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri amabwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza.
• Mungathe kulankhula ndi mawu amodzi m'malo mwa ziganizo zonse. Mwachitsanzo, m'malo monena kuti "Ndikufuna madzi," munganene kuti "Madzi...madzi...".

Kuvuta kumvetsa zomwe ena akunena (Kumvetsetsa Chilankhulo)

Izi ndi zomwe zimachitika kwa anthu ambiri:

• Mukatchula dzina la chinthu , simungazindikire nthawi yomweyo kuti ndi chiyani. Mwachitsanzo, ngati wina anena kuti "chisa," muyenera kuganiza kuti ndi chiyani.
• N'zovuta kumvetsa tanthauzo lenileni la mawu.
• N'zovuta kutsatira malangizo a munthu wina. Ngati wina akunena kuti, "Pita ukatseke chitseko," zingakhale zovuta kumvetsa ndi kuchita.
• Sindingathe kumvetsa bwino zomwe zikunenedwa pokambirana.
• N'zovuta kwambiri kumvetsa pamene anthu oposa m'modzi akulankhula nthawi imodzi.
• Mwina sizingatheke kumvetsetsa nthabwala ndi zoseketsa ngati zimenezo.

Mavuto Okhudza Kuwerenga ndi Kulemba

Mafunso angachokerenso mbali iyi:

• N'zovuta kumvetsa zomwe zalembedwa (pa bolodi, pa kompyuta, m'mabuku).
• N'zovuta kulemba mawu molondola ndikupanga ziganizo.
• Mavuto angabukenso pogwiritsa ntchito manambala. Mwachitsanzo, powerengera, kuwerengera ndalama, kapena kunena nthawi.

Tangoganizani, muli ndi zinthu zambiri zoti munene m'maganizo mwanu, koma china chake chikutuluka mkamwa mwanu, kapena mawuwo akusokonekera. Simukumvetsa zomwe anthu ena akunena. Izi zikumveka zopanda ntchito bwanji.

Nchifukwa chiyani aphasia imachitika?

Nanga, n’chifukwa chiyani aphasia imachitika? Chifukwa chachikulu ndi kuwonongeka kwa malo olumikizirana mawu muubongo mwanu. Pali zifukwa zingapo zazikulu zomwe kuwonongeka kumeneku kungachitikire:

• Matenda a sitiroko: Ichi ndi chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ambiri. Magazi akamapita ku ubongo akamachoka kapena kutuluka magazi mkati mwa ubongo, maselo a ubongo amafa. Izi zitha kuwononga malo olumikizirana zilankhulo.
• Kuvulala Kwambiri mu Ubongo (TBI): Kuvulala kwambiri pamutu, monga ngozi, kungawononge ubongo ndikupangitsa kuti munthu asamagwire bwino ntchito.
• Chotupa cha muubongo: Chotupa chikapangika muubongo, chimatha kupitirira ndikuwononga malo olumikizirana mawu.
• Matenda a muubongo: Matenda ena a bakiteriya ndi mavairasi amatha kupita ku ubongo ndikuwononga.
• Kutupa kwa ubongo: Kutupa kwa ubongo kungayambitsidwenso ndi matenda otupa.
• Matenda amitsempha opita patsogolo:Mwachitsanzo, zizindikiro za aphasia zingaonekerenso pakapita nthawi m'matenda monga matenda a dementia ndi matenda a Alzheimer's.

Kuphatikiza apo, chilichonse chomwe chimawononga ubongo kapena kusokoneza ntchito ya ubongo chingayambitse aphasia. Nazi zitsanzo zina zingapo:

• Aneurysms - Izi zikutanthauza kuti mitsempha yamagazi muubongo imafooka ndikutupa ngati baluni.
• Opaleshoni ya ubongo
• Kuchepa kwa mpweya mu ubongo - Izi zikutanthauza kusowa kwa mpweya mu ubongo.
• Kugwedezeka kwa mutu - Vuto la kanthawi kochepa lomwe limachitika mutu ukagundidwa.
• Matenda obadwa nawo - kutanthauza matenda ena omwe amapezeka pobadwa.
• Khunyu
• Matenda a majini monga matenda a Wilson.
• Migraines - Anthu ena amatha kukhala ndi zizindikiro zakanthawi za aphasia pamodzi ndi migraines.
• Chithandizo cha khansa pogwiritsa ntchito radiation kapena chemotherapy.
• Poizoni ndi poizoni - mwachitsanzo, poizoni wa carbon monoxide kapena poizoni wa zitsulo zolemera.
• Kuukira kwa ischemic kwa nthawi yochepa (TIAs) - komwe kumatchedwanso 'mini strokes'.

Kodi izi zimakhudza kuti kwenikweni muubongo?

Tsopano mwina mukudabwa kuti, kodi izi zimakhudzidwa ndi kuti kwenikweni muubongo? Mtundu wa aphasia womwe muli nawo umadalira gawo la ubongo lomwe lawonongeka. Pali magawo awiri akuluakulu a ubongo wathu omwe amagwira ntchito mu chilankhulo:

• Malo a Broca: Izi zili kutsogolo kwa ubongo wanu, mbali yakutsogolo. Kunena zoona, kumbali yakumanzere, kutsogolo kwa khutu. Izi ndi zomwe zimalamulira minofu yomwe timagwiritsa ntchito polankhula.
• Malo a Wernicke: Awa ali mbali ya mbali ya ubongo, mu lobe ya temporal. Koma kumbali ya kumanzere, pamwamba pa khutu. Apa ndi pomwe mumamvetsetsa mawu ndikusankha mawu oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito polankhula.

Zigawo ziwirizi zimagwira ntchito limodzi kuti zitipangitse kulankhula. Tangoganizirani, dera la Wernicke limamvetsetsa mawu, limasankha mawu oti linene, ndipo limatumiza zizindikirozo ku dera la Broca. Kenako dera la Broca limatumiza zizindikiro ku minofu kuti linene mawu amenewo. Mwachidule, ndicho chimene chimachitika.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga izi?

Aphasia ingakhudze aliyense wa msinkhu uliwonse. Komabe, imapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu azaka zopitilira 65, makamaka akavulala muubongo monga sitiroko. Aphasia ingachitike mwadzidzidzi pambuyo pa zochitika zotere.

Mavuto ena omwe angachitike chifukwa cha aphasia

Aphasia ingayambitse mavuto ena pamene simungathe kufotokoza zomwe mukufuna ndi zosowa zanu kwa ena. Tangoganizirani, bwanji ngati simungathe kunena kuti muli ndi njala, mwatopa, mukufuna thandizo, kapena kuti pali vuto? Izi zingayambitse zinthu monga:

• Kukhumudwa
• Mkwiyo ( nthawi zina wankhanza)
• Kusungulumwa, Kudzipatula
• Kuvutika maganizo

Vutoli limakhudzanso odwala ambiri osati odwala okha. Chifukwa cha vuto la chilankhulo, osamalira odwala amathanso kukhumudwa komanso kukhala achisoni chifukwa chosatha kulankhulana bwino ndi wokondedwa wawo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti achibale amvetse izi ndikukhala oleza mtima.

Kodi vuto la aphasia limapezedwa bwanji?

Chabwino, ndiye mungazindikire bwanji matenda a aphasia? Dokotala adzatsimikizira izi atapimidwa thupi ndi mayeso ena angapo.

Pa nthawi yoyezetsa, dokotala adzakufunsani mafunso okhudza mbiri yanu ya thanzi komanso zizindikiro zake. Mungakhale ndi vuto loyankha mafunso awa kapena kumvetsetsa zomwe dokotalayo akufunsani. Chifukwa chake, ndizothandiza kwambiri kukhala ndi wosamalira kapena wachibale wanu. Angakufotokozereni zambiri ngati pakufunika kutero.

Ngati dokotala wanu akukayikira kuti muli ndi aphasia, adzakutumizani kwa Katswiri wa Matenda a Chilankhulo Cholankhulidwa (SLP). Katswiri wa matenda a chilankhulo cholankhulidwa adzayesa mokwanira luso lanu lomvetsetsa chilankhulo (kumvetsera), kulankhula ndi kukambirana, kufotokoza maganizo anu, komanso kuwerenga ndi kulemba. Izi zidzakuthandizani kudziwa mtundu weniweni wa aphasia yomwe muli nayo.

Kuphatikiza apo, dokotala adzaganizira zinthu zotsatirazi kuti adziwe matenda onse:

• Kulankhula bwino: Kodi mumalankhula bwino komanso mosavuta? Kodi liwiro lanu lolankhula, kamvekedwe ka mawu, katchulidwe ka mawu, ndi galamala ndi zolondola? Kodi mungalembe mosavuta?
• Kumvetsetsa: Kodi mukumvetsa zomwe anthu ena akunena? Kodi ziganizo ndi mawu omwe mukunena ndi zomveka? Kodi mumawerenga ndikumvetsa mawu olembedwa?
• Kubwerezabwereza: Kodi mukuvutika kubwereza mawu, ziganizo, kapena ziganizo zonse?

Ndi mayeso ati omwe akuchitidwa pa izi?

Dokotala wanu angakulangizeni mayeso osiyanasiyana kuti adziwe matenda a aphasia kapena kuchotsa matenda ena omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana. Mayesowa angathandizenso kudziwa chithandizo chabwino kwambiri.

Mayeso awa angaphatikizepo:

• Kuyezetsa magazi
• Kujambula kwa CT (CT - computed tomography scan)
• EEG (Electroencephalogram - EEG) - Kuyesa komwe kumayesa ntchito yamagetsi ya ubongo.
• Electromyogram- Yomwe imayang'ana momwe minofu imagwirira ntchito.
• Mayeso oyeserera mphamvu - Mayeso omwe amayang'ana mayankho a dongosolo la mitsempha.
• Kujambula kwa MRI (MRI - kujambula kwa magnetic resonance imaging)
• Kujambula kwa PET (Positron emission tomography - Kujambula kwa PET)

Kodi mankhwala a aphasia ndi ati?

Pofuna kuthana ndi zizindikiro za aphasia, dokotala wanu adzayesa kaye kuchiza chomwe chimayambitsa matenda. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mwadwala sitiroko, kubwezeretsa magazi m'dera lomwe lakhudzidwalo mwamsanga kungachepetse kapena kuletsa kuwonongeka kosatha. Pamene mukuchira, komanso pamene ubongo wanu ukuchira, aphasia yanu mwina idzayamba bwino.

Aphasia yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha zinthu zakanthawi, monga kupweteka mutu kapena mutu, singafunike chithandizo ndipo idzatha yokha.

Komabe, ngati ubongo wanu wawonongeka kwa nthawi yayitali kapena wawonongeka kwamuyaya, chithandizo cha kulankhula chingathandize kukulitsa luso lanu lolankhula. Chithandizo cha kulankhula chimaphatikizapo kumanganso kapena kuphunziranso luso lanu lomvetsetsa chilankhulo ndikukuphunzitsani luso loti muzolowere zizindikiro zinazake. Chithandizo cha kulankhula chingaphatikizepo osamalira anu ndi achibale anu. Mwanjira imeneyi, angaphunzire momwe angalankhulire bwino nanu komanso momwe angakuthandizireni.

Kodi mumalandira chithandizo ndi mankhwala?

Kutengera ndi chomwe chimayambitsa aphasia yanu, mankhwala ena angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chithandizo. Izi zimasiyana kwambiri. Dokotala wanu adzakambirana nanu za njira zochiritsira zomwe zili zoyenera kwa inu. Adzaganiziranso zinthu zina, monga matenda anu ndi zomwe mumakonda, akamasankha chithandizo.

Kodi ndidzakhala bwino nthawi yayitali bwanji nditatha kulandira chithandizo?

Nthawi yomwe imatenga kuti munthu achire matenda a aphasia imatengera chifukwa chake, kuopsa kwake, komanso njira zina zothandizira. Dokotala wanu angakuuzeni bwino za nthawi yomwe mukuchira. Anthu ena amachira msanga, pomwe ena angatenge nthawi yayitali. Kuleza mtima ndi khama ndizofunikira.

Kodi chiyembekezo cha aphasia ndi chotani?

Nthawi zina, aphasia imatenga nthawi yochepa ndipo imachira pakapita nthawi. Komabe, kwa ena, ngati pali kuwonongeka kosatha kwa malo olumikizirana a ubongo, aphasia ikhoza kukhala vuto la moyo wonse. Ngakhale kuti chithandizo cha kulankhula chingachepetse zizindikiro za aphasia, sichingathe kusintha kwathunthu zotsatira za vutoli.

Chiyembekezo cha aphasia chimadalira zinthu zingapo, kuphatikizapo thanzi lanu lonse komanso chifukwa cha zizindikiro zanu. Dokotala wanu adzakuuzani zambiri za momwe mumaonera zinthu kutengera vuto lanu.

Kodi aphasia ingapewedwe?

Aphasia ndi chinthu chomwe chingachitike mwadzidzidzi komanso mosayembekezereka, kotero n'zosatheka kuchiletsa. Komabe,Mungayesere kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda omwe angayambitse vutoli. Nazi zina zomwe mungachite:

• Idyani zakudya zoyenera komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse: Matenda ambiri omwe amayambitsa aphasia amakhudzana ndi mavuto a dongosolo lanu la magazi ndi thanzi la mtima, kotero kusamalira thanzi lanu lonse ndi gawo loyamba labwino.
• Musanyalanyaze matenda: Matenda a m'maso ndi m'makutu ayenera kuchiritsidwa mwachangu. Ngati matendawa afalikira ku ubongo, akhoza kukhala oopsa, ngakhale kupha. Matenda ena amatha kuwononga ubongo ndi kuyambitsa aphasia.
• Valani zida zodzitetezera: Kuvulala mutu kungawononge ubongo. Kaya mukugwira ntchito kapena mukuchita ntchito yanu, kuvala zida zodzitetezera kungathandize kupewa kuvulala komwe kungayambitse aphasia. Mwachitsanzo, zipewa ndi malamba m'magalimoto.
• Kusamalira matenda omwe alipo: Ngati muli ndi matenda a nthawi yayitali monga matenda a shuga ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuwasamalira bwino kungathandize kupewa mavuto omwe angawononge ubongo ndikupangitsa kuti munthu adwale matenda a aphasia.

Kodi ndimadzisamalira bwanji ndi aphasia?

Aphasia ingapangitse ntchito zina za tsiku ndi tsiku kukhala zovuta pang'ono, koma siziyenera kukulepheretsani kukhala ndi moyo wanu wonse. Nazi njira zina zomwe mungadzisamalire nokha:

• Pitani kwa dokotala nthawi zonse.
• Tsatirani ndondomeko yanu ya chithandizo molondola.
• Pezani magulu othandizira. Mutha kuphunzira zambiri ndikupeza chitonthozo m'malo omwe kuli anthu ngati inu.
• Pezani njira zina zolankhulirana, yesani ukadaulo watsopano ngati ulipo. Mwina zinthu monga zithunzi, zolemba, kapena manja zingathandize.
• Nthawi zonse nyamulani khadi lozindikiritsa kuti ena adziwe kuti muli ndi aphasia.

Dokotala wanu adzakupatsani malangizo ena okhudzana ndi vuto lanu.

Kodi muyenera kupita kuchipatala liti? Kodi muyenera kupita kuchipatala chadzidzidzi liti?

Ngati mukuona kuti zizindikiro za aphasia zikuyamba kukula pang'onopang'ono, muyenera kuonana ndi dokotala mwamsanga. Komanso, ngati zizindikiro zanu za aphasia zikukulirakulira pakapita nthawi, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za vutoli.

Komabe, ngati zizindikiro za aphasia zikuwonekera mwadzidzidzi, muyenera kufunafuna chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu. Zizindikiro za aphasia zomwe zimadza mwadzidzidzi, popanda chenjezo, zingakhale chizindikiro cha sitiroko, mwachitsanzo. Muyenera kuyimbira 1990 (kapena nambala yanu yadzidzidzi yapafupi) nthawi yomweyo.

Komanso, ngati inu kapena munthu amene muli naye pafupi ali ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi za sitiroko (ngati muli ndi aphasia kapena ayi), funani thandizo nthawi yomweyo:

• Kufooka, dzanzi, kapena kufooka mbali imodzi ya thupi.
• Nkhaniyo imakhala yosokoneza kapena yosamveka bwino.
• Kugwa mbali imodzi ya nkhope kapena diso limodzi kulephera kuona.
• Kuvuta kumeza.
• Kusokonezeka, kusakhazikika, kapena kusokonezeka maganizo.
• Kuvuta kuganizira, kuganiza, kapena kukumbukira.
• Mutu woopsa komanso wodzidzimutsa womwe umachititsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuchita zinthu zachizolowezi.

Matenda ena ofanana ndi aphasia

Pali matenda ena angapo omwe ali ofanana ndi, kapena omwe amawoneka ofanana ndi, aphasia. Komabe, matendawa ali ndi zifukwa ndi zizindikiro zosiyana. Zina mwa matenda awa ndi awa:

• Alexia (khungu la mawu) ndi agraphia (kulephera kulemba): Kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo za ubongo wanu zomwe zimalamulira kulankhula kungakhudzenso luso lanu lowerenga ndi kulemba. Mutha kuwona mawu koma osatha kuwazindikira kapena kuwawerenga. Anthu omwe ali ndi agraphia amataya luso lolemba. Zonsezi zimatha kuchitika limodzi, koma izi sizichitika kawirikawiri.
• Kuzindikira mawu molakwika: Izi zimachitika pamene mukumva anthu ena akulankhula ndipo simungathe kuzindikira zomwe akunena. Izi zimachitika pamene pali kusokonezeka kwa gawo la ubongo lomwe limagwira mawu kapena chilankhulo cholankhulidwa.

Kupezeka ndi aphasia kungakhale koopsa komanso kokhumudwitsa. Mwadzidzidzi muyenera kuphunziranso luso la chilankhulo lomwe munkagwiritsa ntchito bwino. Mwina mutadwala sitiroko kapena kuvulala kwa ubongo, mungavutike kupita ku kalabu yanu ya mabuku pamwezi kapena kupereka nkhani kuntchito. Izi zingakhudze kwambiri thanzi lanu la maganizo komanso luso lanu locheza ndi anthu.

Nthawi zina Aphasia imatha kuchira yokha, koma ikhozanso kukhala vuto losatha. Koma chofunika ndichakuti madokotala anu angakuthandizeni kuzolowera, kuphunzira njira zatsopano zolankhulirana ndi ena, ndikumanganso ubale.

Pomaliza, kumbukirani izi (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Chabwino, tiyeni tifotokoze mwachidule zina mwa zinthu zomwe muyenera kukumbukira kuchokera pa zomwe takambirana.

• Aphasia si zotsatira pa nzeru, koma zotsatira pa luso logwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo.
• Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, monga sitiroko, kuvulala muubongo, zotupa, ndi matenda .
• Zizindikiro zazikulu ndi kuvutika kulankhula, kumvetsetsa, kuwerenga, ndi kulemba.
• Ndikofunikira kwambiri kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo, makamaka ngati zizindikiro zabwera mwadzidzidzi, chifukwa zitha kukhala chizindikiro cha sitiroko.
• Chithandizo cha kulankhula ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri yochiritsira. Komanso, chithandizo cha banja n'chofunika kwambiri.
• Ngakhale kuti vutoli ndi lovuta kukhala nalo, musataye mtima.Pezani thandizo, pezani njira zatsopano zolankhulirana, yesani kukhala ndi chiyembekezo. Simuli nokha.

Aphasia , mavuto olankhula, matenda a chilankhulo, kuwonongeka kwa ubongo, sitiroko, chithandizo cha kulankhula, mavuto olankhulana