Tiyeni tiphunzire za zotupa zomwe zimachokera ku maselo ofanana ndi nyenyezi muubongo wanu (Astrocytoma)!

Tonsefe timakumana ndi mavuto azaumoyo osayembekezereka m'miyoyo yathu, sichoncho? Mwina mumadwala mutu pafupipafupi kapena mumamva ngati kuti mukukumbukira pang'ono. Ngakhale izi zitha kukhala zinthu zachibadwa, nthawi zina zimatha kukhala zizindikiro za vuto mkati mwa thupi lathu, makamaka muubongo. Lero tikambirana za mtundu wa chotupa chomwe chingachitike muubongo, chomwe ndi chovuta pang'ono, koma tonse tiyenera kudziwa. Imeneyo ndi Astrocytoma .

Kodi Astrocytoma ndi chiyani? Tiyeni timvetse mosavuta!

Chabwino, tsopano tiyeni tiwone chomwe astrocytoma iyi ndi. Mwachidule, ndi mtundu wa chotupa chomwe chimapezeka mu dongosolo lathu la mitsempha (CNS) , lomwe limakhala makamaka muubongo ndipo nthawi zina mu chingwe cha msana (mtsempha womwe umadutsa pansi pa msana). Zotupa izi zimapangidwa kuchokera ku mtundu wapadera wa maselo ooneka ngati nyenyezi muubongo wathu. Madokotala amatcha maselo awa kuti "maselo a astrocyte". "Maselo a astrocyte" awa ndi maselo omwe ali m'gulu la maselo omwe amathandiza, kudyetsa, ndikuteteza ubongo ndi dongosolo la mitsempha. Maselo othandizira awa nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "maselo a glial". Kupatula "maselo a astrocyte", palinso mitundu ina ya "maselo a glial" yotchedwa "oligodendrocytes" ndi "maselo a ependymal". Chifukwa chake, zotupa zomwe zimapangidwa pamene "maselo a glial" awa ayamba kukula mosalamulirika amatchedwa "glioma". Astrocytoma ndiye mtundu wofala kwambiri wa glioma.

Zotupa za astrocytoma izi zitha kukhala khansa (yoopsa) kapena yosakhala khansa (yoyipa) . Izi zikutanthauza kuti zina ndi zoopsa ndipo zimafalikira mwachangu. Zina sizili choncho, ndipo zimakula ndikufalikira pang'onopang'ono.

Madokotala amagawa ma astrocytomas m'magulu awo malinga ndi "magiredi" awo, mofanana ndi magiredi akusukulu. Magiredi awa amafotokoza momwe chotupacho chikukulira mofulumira komanso momwe chingafalikire ku minofu ya ubongo yapafupi. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya khansa, palibe njira yodziwira matenda.

Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya Astrocytoma ndi iti?

Bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO) lagawa ma astrocytomas m'magawo anayi akuluakulu. Giredi 1 ndi mtundu wa matenda omwe ali pachiwopsezo chochepa kwambiri, omwe amakula pang'onopang'ono. Giredi 4 ndi mtundu wa matenda omwe amakula mwachangu kwambiri, komanso oopsa kwambiri.

Astrocytoma yopanda khansa (yosavulaza)

Izi ndi zotupa zomwe sizili ndi khansa, zomwe sizili ndi chiopsezo chachikulu.

• Astrocytoma ya Giredi 1:
• Pilocytic astrocytoma:Uwu ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa chotupa cha giredi 1. Chimakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo sichifalikira kwambiri. Si khansa. Chikachotsedwa kwathunthu ndi opaleshoni, chemotherapy kapena radiation therapy nthawi zambiri sikofunikira. Chotupachi nthawi zambiri chimayamba mu cerebellum, gawo la ubongo lotchedwa cerebellum .
• Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: Mtundu uwu wa chotupa nthawi zambiri umakula mu ubongo. Nthawi zambiri umakula mu gawo la ubongo. Izi zingayambitse khunyu pafupipafupi. Chingathe kuchiritsidwa ndi opaleshoni.
• Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA): Mtundu uwu wa chotupa umapezeka makamaka mwa ana omwe ali ndi vuto la majini lotchedwa tuberous sclerosis. Umakula m'mabowo odzaza madzi mkati mwa ubongo otchedwa ventricles . Ungathenso kuchiritsidwa ndi opaleshoni.

Astrocytoma Yoopsa

Izi ndi zotupa zoopsa zomwe zimakhala ndi maselo a khansa ndipo zimatha kukula ndikufalikira mwachangu.

• Astrocytoma ya Giredi 2: Zotupazi zimatha kufalikira ku minofu yozungulira ubongo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuzichiritsa kwathunthu ndi opaleshoni yokha.
• Astrocytomas a Giredi 3: Izi zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri kuposa zotupa za giredi 2. Nthawi zambiri, chotupa cha giredi 2 chimatha kupita ku giredi 3 pakapita nthawi. Izi sizingachiritsidwe ndi opaleshoni yokha. Chithandizo cha radiation chimafunikadi, ndipo chemotherapy nthawi zambiri imafunika.
• Glioblastomas: Awa ndi astrocytomas a giredi 4. Ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri komanso woopsa kwambiri wa astrocytoma. Amakula ndikufalikira mwachangu kwambiri. Pafupifupi 10% ya iwo amakula kuchokera ku astrocytoma yotsika yomwe inalipo kale yomwe yakhala khansa. Kapena, mu 90% ya milandu, amayamba ngati chotupa cha giredi 4.

Ndani amalandira Astrocytoma?

Zotupa zimenezi zimatha kupezeka mwa aliyense, koma mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zotupa zapezeka kuti zimapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu azaka zosiyanasiyana:

• Astrocytoma ya Giredi 1: Yofala kwambiri mwa ana ndi achinyamata.
• Astrocytoma ya Giredi 2: Yofala kwambiri mwa akuluakulu azaka zapakati pa 20 ndi 60.
• Astrocytoma ya Giredi 3: Yofala kwambiri mwa akuluakulu azaka zapakati pa 30 ndi 60.
• Glioblastoma (giredi 4 astrocytoma): Yofala kwambiri mwa akuluakulu azaka zapakati pa 50 ndi 80.

Akutinso amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto la astrocytomas ya giredi 3 ndi 4.

Kodi matendawa ndi ofala bwanji?

Kufalikira kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya astrocytoma kumasiyananso:

• Astrocytoma ya Giredi 1: Pafupifupi 2% ya zotupa zonse za muubongo.
• Astrocytoma ya Giredi 2: imapanga 2% mpaka 5% ya zotupa zonse za muubongo.
• Astrocytoma ya Giredi 3: Pafupifupi 4% ya zotupa zonse za muubongo.
• Astrocytomas ya Giredi 4 (Glioblastomas): Ndiwo amapanga 24% ya zotupa zonse za muubongo.

Pakati pa akuluakulu, glioblastoma (giredi 4 astrocytoma) ndiye mtundu wofala kwambiri wa khansa ya muubongo.

Kodi zizindikiro za Astrocytoma ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za chotupa ichi zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi kukula kwa chotupacho komanso komwe chili muubongo. Zizindikiro zina zodziwika bwino ndi izi:

• Mutu wopweteka pafupipafupi, nthawi zina umakula kwambiri m'mawa.
• Kusanza ndi kusanza.
• Kugwidwa ndi khunyu.
• Kusintha kwa mkhalidwe wamaganizo: Mwachitsanzo, matenda monga kulephera kuganizira bwino (delirium) kapena kulephera kukumbukira zonse (dementia).
• Kutaya kukumbukira.
• Mavuto ena amisala: kusintha kwa umunthu, kusintha kwa malingaliro (monga kuvutika maganizo).
• Kutopa kwambiri m'thupi.
• Mavuto a maso: Kuona zinthu molakwika, kuona zinthu ziwiri.
• Kuvuta kulankhula (aphasia): Kuvutika kupanga mawu, kusaganiza choti anene.
• Mavuto oyenda: miyendo imakhala yopanda mphamvu, yofooka, ndipo imasonyeza kusakhazikika kwachilendo.

Ngati muli ndi chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa zizindikirozi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupita kwa dokotala mwamsanga.

Kodi zimayambitsa matenda a Astrocytoma ndi ziti?

Ndipotu, ofufuza sakudziwabe chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ambiri a astrocytoma. Ambiri mwa matenda amenewa amapezeka nthawi ndi nthawi. Zinthu ziwiri zazikulu zomwe ofufuza apeza ndi kukhudzana ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa komanso majini.

Komabe, kafukufuku waposachedwapa wavumbula kuti kusintha kwa majini otchedwa `(IDH1 gene)` kumathandizira kwambiri pakukula kwa astrocytomas otsika. Jini iyi imathandiza maselo athu kupanga mphamvu. Jini iyi ikasinthidwa, mankhwala otchedwa `(2-HG)` amapangidwa. Izi zimasonkhana mu `(astrocyte cells)` wathanzi pakapita nthawi, ndipo maselo amenewo amayamba kukhala osazolowereka. Pamenepo ndiye pamene astrocytomas amakula.

Kuwonekera kwa radiation ndi astrocytoma

Kukhudzidwa ndi ma radiation a ayoni, mwachitsanzo, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansaChithandizo cha radiation chimawonjezera chiopsezo cha astrocytoma.

Mwachitsanzo, ana omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'magazi (ALL) yomwe imalandira chithandizo cha radiation kuti ateteze matendawa akhoza kukhala ndi mwayi wochulukitsa ka 22 wokhala ndi chotupa cha mitsempha yapakati, monga astrocytoma, mkati mwa zaka 5 mpaka 10.

Zifukwa za majini ndi astrocytoma

Matenda otsatirawa osowa kwambiri a majini apezeka kuti akugwirizana ndi kukula kwa astrocytomas:

• Matenda a Li-Fraumeni: Matendawa amapezeka pamene pali kusintha kwa majini otchedwa TP53 gene. Anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa ali ndi mwayi wa 90% wokhala ndi khansa yamtundu umodzi kapena ingapo m'moyo wawo wonse. Izi zitha kuphatikizapo astrocytoma.
• Mtundu wa Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1): Pa vutoli, kusintha kwa majini komwe kumayenera kuletsa zotupa kukula kumapangitsa kuti maselo akule modabwitsa. Anthu omwe ali ndi NF1 amatha kukhala ndi astrocytomas, zotupa za mitsempha ya m'mphepete mwa thupi, ndi mawanga a café-au-lait pakhungu.
• Matenda a chifuwa chachikulu: Matendawa amayambitsa mavuto osiyanasiyana azaumoyo. Izi zikuphatikizapo khunyu, kuchedwa kukula, komanso kupangika kwa zotupa m'mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi. Amayambitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa majini awiri, jini la TSC1 ndi jini la TSC2. Subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGAs) nthawi zambiri imangopezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu.
• Matenda a Turcot: Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini angapo komwe kumaletsa kukula kwa chotupa. Angayambitse kukula pang'ono (ma polyps) m'matumbo ndi chotupa chimodzi kapena zingapo, monga astrocytomas, mu ubongo kapena msana.

Kodi matenda a Astrocytoma amawapeza bwanji?

Popeza zizindikiro za astrocytoma zimafanana ndi za matenda ena amitsempha, zingakhale zovuta pang'ono kuti madokotala azikayikira kapena kuzindikira.

Komabe, dokotala wanu adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu ndi mbiri yanu yachipatala. Mwina adzakuyesani matenda amitsempha . Izi zidzakuthandizani kudziwa komwe vuto lili mu ubongo kapena msana.

Kenako dokotala adzalamula kuti muyesedwe ubongo. Kujambula zithunzi za MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging) ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yopezera ndikupeza astrocytoma. Ngati simungathe kuchita MRI chifukwa muli ndi pacemaker kapena joint implant, CT scan (Computed tomography scan) ndiyo njira ina yabwino kwambiri.

Ngati mayeso awa akuwonetsa vuto lililonse muubongo, dokotalayo mwina adzachita biopsy (kutenga chidutswa chaching'ono cha chotupacho kuti achiwone) kapena kuchotsa chotupacho.(kuchotsa chotupacho mwa opaleshoni) ndikofunika. Iyi ndiyo njira yokhayo yodziwira matenda molondola.

Kodi astrocytoma ya khansa ingachiritsidwe?

Ma astrocytoma a giredi 1 nthawi zambiri amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi opaleshoni ngati dokotala wa opaleshoni ya mitsempha angathe kuchotsa chotupa chonsecho bwinobwino. Nthawi zambiri, ma astrocytoma ena a giredi 2 amathanso kuchiritsidwa ndi opaleshoni.

Komabe, pakadali pano palibe mankhwala a astrocytomas a giredi 3 ndi 4 (makamaka glioblastomas) chifukwa amakula ndikufalikira mwachangu. Komabe, chithandizo cha radiation ndi mankhwala ena amatha kulamulira kukula kwa zotupa izi ndikuchepetsa zizindikiro.

Kodi Astrocytoma imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Njira zochiritsira zimadalira zinthu zingapo:

• Malo, kukula, ndi mtundu wa chotupa.
• zaka zanu.
• Thanzi lanu lonse.

Gulu la akatswiri lidzagwira ntchito limodzi kuti lipeze njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira. Gululi likhoza kuphatikizapo:

• Akatswiri a za ubongo
• Madokotala a opaleshoni ya ubongo
• Madokotala a khansa ya radiation
• Madokotala a khansa ya m'magazi

Mankhwala akuluakulu a astrocytoma ndi awa:

• Opaleshoni.
• Chithandizo cha radiation.
• Chithandizo cha mankhwala othandizira.
• Malo ochiritsira chotupa (cha glioblastoma).

Kuphatikiza apo, pakhoza kukhala mayesero azachipatala omwe mungatenge nawo mbali.

Opaleshoni ya astrocytoma

Kuchita opaleshoni ndi gawo loyamba pochiza astrocytoma. Kumapereka maubwino atatu akuluakulu:

1. Mutha kudziwa mtundu weniweni wa chotupacho mwa kutenga chidutswa cha minofu kuchokera ku chotupacho ndikuchiyang'ana pansi pa maikulosikopu.

2. Madokotala angachite mayeso ambiri pa chotupacho kuti aone ngati pali mapuloteni ndi masinthidwe omwe mankhwala ena angagwiritse ntchito.

3. Zimalola kuchotsa chotupa chochuluka momwe zingathere. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi mkati mwa ubongo ndi chigaza komanso kupewa mavuto ena.

Chifukwa chakuti ma astrocytomas a giredi 1 amakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo safalikira kumadera ena a ubongo, opaleshoni ndiyo njira yokhayo yochiritsira yomwe ilipo.

Chithandizo chothandizira cha astrocytoma

Chithandizo chothandizira, chomwe nthawi zina chimatchedwa "chithandizo chothandizira," chimalimbana ndi maselo a khansa omwe sanaphedwe ndi chithandizo chachikulu. Mu astrocytoma, opaleshoni ndiye chithandizo chachikulu.

Ma astrocytoma a Giredi 3 ndi 4 nthawi zonse amafunikira chithandizo china kuwonjezera pa opaleshoni. Ma astrocytoma a Giredi 2 nthawi zina angafunikenso chithandizo china.

Mankhwala ena owonjezera a astrocytoma:

• Chemotherapy yokhala ndi temozolomide (TMZ): Chemotherapy ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera maselo a khansa kapena kuwaletsa kuti asachuluke. Mankhwalawa, temozolomide (TMZ), amagwira ntchito posintha DNA ya maselo otupa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti afe. ​​TMZ ndi mankhwala othandizira oyamba a astrocytomas onse a giredi 3 ndi 4. Nthawi zina amaperekedwanso kwa astrocytomas a giredi 2.
• Chithandizo cha radiation: Chithandizochi chimagwiritsa ntchito radiation (nthawi zambiri X-ray yamphamvu kwambiri) kupha maselo a khansa. Iyi ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri yochizira astrocytomas.
• Bevacizumab: Iyi ndi mankhwala obayidwa jakisoni. Imagwira ntchito poletsa kukula kwa mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imathandiza kukula kwa chotupacho. Bungwe la US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) lavomereza mankhwalawa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza glioblastoma. Amathandiza kuchepetsa kutupa ndikuchepetsa zizindikiro.
• Malo ochiritsira chotupa: Ichi ndi chipangizo chapadera chomwe chimapanga malo ochiritsira magetsi. Malo ochiritsirawa amatha kuchepetsa kukula kwa chotupacho. Amavalidwa ngati chisoti. Madokotala angalimbikitse chithandizo ichi kwa glioblastoma yomwe yangopezeka kumene komanso yobwerezabwereza.

Kodi ndingalepheretse chitukuko cha Astrocytoma?

Pakadali pano palibe chomwe mungachite kuti mulepheretse kukula kwa astrocytomas. Nthawi zambiri, imayamba mwachisawawa.

Komabe, ngati muli ndi vuto la majini lomwe limakuikani pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a astrocytoma, ndikofunikira kupita ku gulu lanu lachipatala nthawi zonse kuti akakuyezeni. Kenako amatha kukuyang'anirani ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za astrocytoma. Izi zikadziwika msanga, zimakhala bwino.

Kodi Astrocytoma imatiuza chiyani za matendawa?

Chiyembekezo, ngati matendawa adzachira komanso nthawi yomwe mungakhale ndi moyo, zimadalira zinthu zingapo:

• Kuchuluka kwa chotupa: Kuchuluka kwa chotupa kukakhala kwakukulu, nthawi zambiri chiwopsezo cha chotupacho chimakhala choyipa kwambiri.
• Kuchuluka kwa chotupa chomwe chingachotsedwe mwa opaleshoni:Ngakhale kuti ma astrocytoma a giredi 1 amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi opaleshoni yokha, ma astrocytoma a giredi 2 mpaka 4 sangachotsedwe kotheratu. Komabe, ngati dokotala wa opaleshoni ya mitsempha angachotse minofu yambiri momwe angathere, kuchuluka kwa kupulumuka kumakhala bwino.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena: Mankhwala ena monga chemotherapy ndi radiation therapy amatha kuchepetsa zizindikiro ndikuwonjezera moyo.
• Zaka: Kawirikawiri, achinyamata amakhala ndi moyo wautali.
• Matenda a m'maganizo: Anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zochepa komanso omwe ali ndi ubongo wabwinobwino amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yopulumuka.

Gulu lanu lachipatala lidzatha kukupatsani chidziwitso cholondola cha zomwe mungayembekezere. Musaope kuwafunsa mafunso.

Kodi kuchuluka kwa moyo wa Astrocytoma ndi kotani?

Chiŵerengero cha kupulumuka chimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa astrocytoma:

• Giredi 1 (Pilocytic astrocytomas): Zaka zoposa 10.
• Astrocytoma ya Giredi 2: zaka zoposa 5.
• Astrocytoma ya Giredi 3: Pakati pa zaka 2 ndi 5.
• Giredi 4 (Glioblastomas): Pafupifupi chaka chimodzi.

Ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti izi ndi ziwerengero chabe za gulu lalikulu la anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a astrocytoma. Gulu lanu lachipatala lidzatha kupereka zambiri zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akupulumuka kutengera momwe mulili.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita liti kwa dokotala wanga za Astrocytoma?

Muyenera kukhala ndi nthawi yokumana ndi akatswiri a mitsempha, oncologists, ndi opaleshoni ya mitsempha kuti muwonetsetse kuti chithandizo chanu chapambana kapena chikupitilizabe kupambana.

Imbani dokotala wanu mwamsanga ngati mukuyamba zizindikiro zatsopano kapena ngati zizindikiro zanu zikuipiraipira. Mwachitsanzo:

• Mavuto okumbukira.
• Kugwedezeka.
• Mutu waukulu kapena mavuto a maso.
• Kuchepetsa thupi popanda chifukwa.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

Zingakhale zothandiza kufunsa gulu lanu lachipatala mafunso awa:

• N’chifukwa chiyani ndinadwala astrocytoma?
• Kodi ndili ndi mtundu wanji wa astrocytoma?
• Kodi chithandizo chabwino kwambiri kwa ine ndi chiti?
• Ndi mayeso ati azachipatala omwe ndingatenge nawo mbali?
• Kodi zoopsa ndi zotsatirapo zake za chithandizo ndi ziti?
• Kodi ndi chisamaliro chiti chomwe ndingafunike pambuyo pa chithandizo?
• Kodi pali mwayi wotani kuti khansa ibwererenso kapena kufalikira pambuyo pa chithandizo?
• Ndi zizindikiro ziti za kukula kwa chotupa zomwe ndiyenera kuyang'anitsitsa?
• Ndi zizindikiro ziti za mavuto omwe ndiyenera kuyang'anitsitsa pa chithandizo?
• Kodi banja langa lili pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda a astrocytoma?

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa Astrocytoma ndi Glioblastoma?

Glioblastoma ndi mtundu wa astrocytoma - makamaka astrocytoma ya giredi 4. Glioblastoma ndi chotupa cha khansa chomwe chimakula ndikufalikira mwachangu. Ndi khansa yoyamba ya muubongo yofala kwambiri.

Kodi Astrocytoma ndi yoopsa kapena yoipa?

Pali mitundu ingapo ya astrocytomas - ina si khansa (yoipa), ndipo ina ndi khansa (yoopsa). Astrocytomas a Giredi 1 si khansa. Giredi 2 mpaka 4 ndi khansa.

Pomaliza, zomwe muyenera kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Ndizachibadwa kuchita mantha komanso kutopa kwambiri mukazindikira kuti muli ndi chotupa cha muubongo. Astrocytoma ikhoza kubwera m'magawo osiyanasiyana - ena ndi abwino, ena ndi khansa. Koma khulupirirani kuti gulu lanu lachipatala lidzapanga dongosolo la chithandizo chokwanira komanso chokwanira kuti likuthandizeni kuthana ndi astrocytoma yanu ndikukweza moyo wanu. Musachite mantha, musakayikire, funsani madokotala anu mafunso, ndikuthandizirani chithandizo chanu. Ndikukufunirani kuti muchire mwachangu!

astrocytoma , chotupa cha muubongo, glioma, astrocyte, dongosolo lapakati la mitsempha, khansa, glioblastoma