Kodi mumauza mwana wanu kuti "akweze dzanja lanu," koma chomwe amangomva ndi "kuyang'ana kumwamba"? Kapena mumanena kuti, "Onani ng'ombe uko," koma mwanayo amafunsa kuti, "Pali chisewero pampando?" Kodi mwakumanapo ndi zinthu ngati izi? Nthawi zina timaganiza kuti mwana wathu sakutimvera ndipo akungochita izi chifukwa cha nkhanza. Koma sizili choncho nthawi zonse. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha vuto lomwe tikulankhula lero lotchedwa Auditory Processing Disorder, kapena mwachidule APD.
Kodi vuto la Kugwira Ntchito kwa Makutu (APD) ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule, APD si vuto la kumva kapena vuto la kuphunzira. Chomwe chimachitika apa ndi chakuti, ngakhale makutu amamva bwino, pali kufooka kwina pakupanga mawuwo ku ubongo ndikumvetsetsa bwino . Izi zikutanthauza kuti vuto silili ndi makutu, koma ndi momwe ubongo umazindikira chidziwitso cha mawu.
Tangoganizani wina akukuuzani kuti, "Kwezani dzanja lanu." Kwa munthu amene ali ndi vuto la APD, zingamveke ngati "Chonde sinthani dongosolo lanu." Amavutika kuzindikira kusiyana kwa mawu pang'ono.
Ngakhale vutoli lingakhudze aliyense wa msinkhu uliwonse, nthawi zambiri limayamba ali mwana. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, pakati pa 2% ndi 7% ya ana ali ndi vutoli, ndipo limapezeka kwambiri mwa anyamata kuposa atsikana . Izi zingayambitse kuchedwa kuntchito ya kusukulu. Chifukwa chake, ana omwe ali ndi APD amafunikira thandizo lowonjezera kusukulu.
Nthawi zina, mwana akhoza kukhala ndi vuto la kuwerenga ( dyslexia ) ndi APD pamlingo winawake. Komanso, madokotala ena amakhulupirira kuti ana ena amaonedwa molakwika ngati ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) pomwe ali ndi APD.
Kodi zizindikiro za vutoli ndi ziti?
APD ingakhudze momwe mwana amalankhulira, amawerengera, amalemba, komanso amatchulira mawu. Angadule malekezero a mawu akamalankhula, kapena kusokoneza mawu omwe amamveka chimodzimodzi. Tiyeni tiwone bwino zizindikirozi.
| Gawo lomwe lakhudzidwa | Zizindikiro zomwe zimasonyeza |
|---|---|
| Kukambirana ndi kulankhulana | N'zovuta kumvetsa zomwe wina akunena ndikuyankha mwachangu. N'zovuta kwambiri kumvetsetsa zomwe wina akunena pamene pali gulu la anthu akulankhulana, kapena pamene phokoso likukwera pang'ono. |
| Kutsatira malangizo | N'zovuta kukumbukira malangizo omwe wina amakupatsa, makamaka ngati akuphatikizapo njira zingapo (monga, "Pita kuchipinda chako, tengani buku lomwe lili patebulo, ndipo mubweretse kuchipinda chochezera"). |
| Kuzindikira mawu | Zingakhale zovuta kudziwa komwe phokoso likuchokera. Kumvetsera nyimbo nthawi zina kumakhala kosasangalatsa. |
| Maphunziro | Pakhoza kukhala mavuto powerenga, kulemba, ndi kulemba. Zilembo zomwe zimamveka mofanana zingasokonezeke. |
Kodi zifukwa za APD ndi ziti?
Madokotala sakudziwabe chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli, koma pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zikuganiziridwa kuti zimayambitsa vutoli.
- Matenda Osatha: Matenda a khutu osatha, meningitis, kapena poizoni wa lead zonse zingathandize kukulitsa APD m'moyo wamtsogolo. Anthu ena omwe ali ndi matenda amitsempha , monga multiple sclerosis, nawonso adwala matendawa.
- Mavuto obadwa: Kubadwa msanga (kubadwa msanga) kapena kukhala ndi thupi lochepa.
- Kuvulala mutu: Kuvulala mutu chifukwa cha ngozi.
- Cholowa : Ngati vutoli likuchitika m'banja, pakhoza kukhala chizolowezi choti mwana nayenso aliyambe. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, pakhoza kukhala chikoka cha majini (`Majini`).
Kodi ndingapeze bwanji izi ndendende?
Ngati muli ndi nkhawa iliyonse yokhudza mwana wanu, chinthu choyamba chomwe muyenera kuchita ndikupita kwa dokotala wa banja lanu . Dokotalayo adzayesa kumva mosavuta kuti awone ngati mwana wanu ali ndi vuto lililonse la kumva. Izi zingathandize kudziwa ngati pali vuto la kumva.
Koma katswiri wa zakumva yekha ndi amene angatsimikizire molondola momwe APD ilili.
Katswiri wa zamakutu amachita mayeso apadera osiyanasiyana pachifukwa ichi.
- Apa, mwanayo amaphunzitsidwa kumvetsera mawu osiyanasiyana kudzera mu 'mahedifoni' ndipo amafunsidwa kuyankha mawu amenewo (monga kubwereza mawu omwe adamva, kapena kukanikiza batani).
- Nthawi zina, ma electrode angapo osapweteka amamangiriridwa kumutu ndi makutu a mwana kuti aone momwe ubongo wa mwanayo umayankhira phokoso.
Mayeso a APD nthawi zambiri saperekedwa kwa ana osakwana zaka 7, chifukwa mayankho omwe ana amapereka ali aang'ono sangakhale olondola.
Kodi chimachiritsidwa bwanji?
Choyamba kukumbukira ndi chakuti palibe mankhwala a APD. Komabe, ndi chithandizo choyenera komanso chithandizo, mwana akhoza kuthandizidwa kuti apirire vutoli bwino. Njira zochiritsira zimasiyana malinga ndi munthu. Izi ndi zomwe zimafunika kuganiziridwa kwambiri.
- Thandizo m'kalasi: Zipangizo zamagetsi monga `FM (frequency modulation system)` zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Izi zili ngati wailesi yaying'ono. Zimene mphunzitsi amanena kudzera mu maikolofoni zimamveka bwino kudzera mu chipangizo chaching'ono chomwe chili m'khutu la mwana popanda phokoso lakunja. Komanso, aphunzitsi angachite zinthu monga kukhazika mwana patsogolo pa kalasi ndikuchepetsa phokoso losafunikira lakunja.
- Kukulitsa maluso ena: Kukulitsa maluso ena ophunzirira, monga kukumbukira ndi kuthetsa mavuto, kungathandize mwana kuthana ndi mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha APD.
- Chithandizo: Chithandizo cha kulankhula ndi chofunika kwambiri. Chimathandiza mwana kuzindikira mawu osiyanasiyana molondola, kutchula mawu momveka bwino, komanso kukulitsa luso lolankhula.
Zinthu zomwe tingachite kunyumba
Ndikofunikanso kwambiri kuti malo ogona panyumba akhale omasuka kwa mwana. Kuyika makapeti kapena makapeti pansi kungathandize kuchepetsa phokoso m'chipindamo. Komanso, polankhula ndi mwana, kuzimitsa zinthu zokweza monga TV ndi wailesi, kuyang'ana nkhope ya mwanayo, ndi kulankhula pang'onopang'ono komanso momveka bwino kumathandizanso kwambiri.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- APD si vuto la kumva, koma vuto la ubongo pokonza mawu.
- Musanaganize kuti mwana wanu sakumvetsera kapena kumvetsera, funsani upangiri wa dokotala ngati mukuganiza kuti izi ndi zoona.
- Kuti mudziwe bwino matendawa, ndikofunikira kuyamba mwaonana ndi dokotala wanu, kenako, ngati pakufunika, kwa katswiri wa za mawu.
- Ngakhale kuti palibe mankhwala enieni a vutoli, ndi chithandizo cha kulankhula, chithandizo kusukulu, komanso kunyumba, mwanayo akhoza kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino komanso wopambana.
- Simuli nokha paulendowu. Ndi chitsogozo choyenera ndi chithandizo, mutha kuthana ndi vutoli.
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