Mumayamba kugwira ntchito, koma pakapita kanthawi maganizo anu amayendayenda. Mumatenga foni yanu, kupita kukayang'ana china chake kwa ola limodzi, kapena mwadzidzidzi mumaiwala chifukwa chomwe mwabwera kuchipinda. Kodi izi zimakuchitikirani nthawi zambiri? Ngakhale anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti izi ndi 'ulesi', zitha kukhala matenda ozama kwambiri. Lero tikulankhula za matenda otchedwa Kusaganizira ADHD, omwe anthu ambiri sadziwa kwenikweni, koma omwe amakhudza kwambiri miyoyo yawo.
Kodi ADHD yosaganizira bwino ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule, ADHD yosaganizira bwino ndi mtundu wa Matenda a Kusowa Chidwi/Kutaya Mphamvu Kwambiri (ADHD). Komabe, pankhaniyi, kugwedezeka, kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso, ndi kusaganizira bwino komwe timaona nthawi zambiri tikamalankhula za ADHD sikuoneka. Vuto lalikulu apa ndi kuvutika kusunga chidwi, kuvutika kukonza ntchito, komanso kuvutika kuyang'ana pa chinthu chimodzi .
Ganizirani ubongo wanu ngati msakatuli wa pakompyuta wokhala ndi ma tabu ambiri otseguka. Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zikuyenda nthawi imodzi, nyimbo zikusewera kumbuyo, zidziwitso zikubwera. Chifukwa chake zimakhala zovuta kuti muyang'ane bwino pa tabu imodzi ndikugwira ntchito. Ubongo wa munthu yemwe ali ndi ADHD yosaganizira bwino umagwira ntchito mofananamo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri kumaliza ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku moyenera.
Matendawa angakhudze ana aang'ono ndi akuluakulu. Ngakhale kuti zizindikirozi nthawi zambiri zimakhalapo kuyambira ali mwana, palibe amene angaone izi ngati vuto lalikulu chifukwa si anthu okonda nkhanza.
Kodi zizindikiro zazikulu za vutoli ndi ziti?
Tonsefe timakumana ndi izi nthawi ndi nthawi. Koma kwa munthu amene ali ndi vuto la ADHD losaganizira bwino, zizindikirozi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu ndipo zimatha kusokoneza ntchito yake ya kusukulu, ntchito, moyo wabanja, komanso ubale wake ndi anthu. Tiyeni tiwone zizindikiro zazikulu.
| Chizindikiro | Kufotokozera kosavuta |
|---|---|
| Kulephera kulabadira zinthu zazing'ono | Zolakwa zosasamala nthawi zambiri zimachitika pantchito ya kusukulu ndi kuntchito ya muofesi. |
| Kuvuta kusunga chisamaliro chokhazikika | N'zovuta kumvetsera nkhani yayitali, kuwerenga buku, kapena kuonera filimu nthawi imodzi. Maganizo anga amayendayenda kuzinthu zina. |
| Kuvuta kumvetsera pamene wina akulankhula | Kumva ngati maganizo anu ali kwina ngakhale wina akulankhula nanu mwachindunji. Ngakhale kuti mukuoneka kuti mukumvetsera, zomwe zikunenedwa sizilowa m'mutu mwanu. |
| Kulephera kutsatira malangizo ndi kumaliza ntchito | Ngakhale mutayamba ntchito, posachedwa mudzasokonezeka ndipo mudzayima pakati. Ngakhale mutayamba ntchito yambiri, mudzamaliza zochepa kwambiri. |
| Kuvuta kusamalira nthawi | Kuchedwa nthawi zonse, kuphonya nthawi yomaliza, kusatha kumaliza ntchito pa nthawi yake. |
| Kupewa ntchito zomwe zimafuna khama lalikulu la maganizo | Sakonda komanso kuchedwetsa ntchito zomwe ziyenera kuchitika, monga kudzaza mafomu ndi kulemba malipoti. |
| Kutaya zinthu pafupipafupi | Kutaya kapena kuiwala nthawi zonse komwe mumayika zinthu zanu zofunika tsiku ndi tsiku, monga makiyi, chikwama cha ndalama, foni, cholembera, ndi zina zotero. |
| Kusokonezeka mosavuta | Mukagwira ntchito, mumasokonezeka mosavuta ndi phokoso laling'ono kapena china chake chapafupi. |
| Kuiwala ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku | Kuiwala kulipira mabilu, kuyimba foni, kupita ku nthawi yokumana, kapena kugwira ntchito zapakhomo. |
N’chifukwa chiyani vutoli limachitika?
Palibe chifukwa chenicheni chomwe chapezeka cha izi, koma kafukufuku wapeza kuti pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zingayambitse izi.
- Majini: Izi zitha kuchitika m'mabanja. Ngati wachibale wanu wapafupi ali ndi ADHD, muli ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza vutoli.
- Kapangidwe ka ubongo ndi ntchito yake: Zapezeka kuti kusintha kwina kwa kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya ziwalo zina za ubongo wathu zomwe zimalamulira chidwi ndi khalidwe kungakhale komwe kumayambitsa izi.
- Zotsatirapo pa nthawi ya mimba: Kugwiritsa ntchito mowa kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwa amayi panthawi ya mimba, kukhudzana ndi mankhwala enaake oopsa m'chilengedwe, komanso kubadwa ndi mwana wochepa thupi kapena kubadwa msanga kungapangitsenso kuti mwana akhale ndi ADHD.
Kodi zotsatira za ADHD yosaganizira bwino pa moyo ndi zotani?
Vutoli likhoza kukhudza kwambiri moyo wanu. Mwina aphunzitsi ndi makolo anu anakudzudzulani kusukulu chifukwa chokhala 'waulesi', 'osagwira ntchito yanu bwino', kapena 'osakhala ndi chidwi chilichonse'. Koma si vuto lanu kwenikweni. Momwe ubongo wanu umagwirira ntchito chidziwitso ndi zosiyana pang'ono ndi zina.
Izi si zofooka kapena vuto la khalidwe lanu. Izi ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa momwe ubongo umagwirira ntchito.
Pachifukwa ichi, mukhoza kukumana ndi mavuto monga awa:
- Kulephera kumaliza ntchito pa nthawi yake (kusowa nthawi yomaliza) kuntchito.
- Kuchedwa nthawi zonse kusukulu, kuntchito, kapena kumisonkhano yofunika.
- Kutayika kwa zikalata zofunika ndi katundu.
- Malo omwe muli (chipinda, desiki) nthawi zonse amakhala osokonezeka komanso osokonezeka.
- Kuvuta kusunga ubale ndi abwenzi.
Zinthu zimenezi zingachepetse kudzidalira kwanu, kukupangitsani kukwiya komanso kukhumudwa, ndipo ngati simuchitapo kanthu bwino, zingayambitse mavuto ena amisala monga kuvutika maganizo ndi nkhawa .
Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati muli ndi vutoli?
Ichi si chinthu chomwe chingadziwike poyesa magazi kapena kujambulidwa. Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi zizindikiro izi, chinthu chabwino kuchita ndikuwonana ndi dokotala . Nthawi zambiri, dokotala wa matenda amisala, katswiri wa mitsempha, kapena katswiri wa zamaganizo amatha kuzindikira vutoli.
Dokotala amatsatira njira zitatu zazikulu kuti adziwe vutoli.
| Masitepe | Zimene dokotala amachita |
|---|---|
| 1. Kutsimikizira zizindikiro | Mudzafunsidwa za machitidwe anu akale ndi apano. Mungapezenso chidziwitso kuchokera kwa anthu monga banja lanu, aphunzitsi akusukulu, ndi abwana kuntchito. Mafunso apadera (masikelo owerengera) angagwiritsidwenso ntchito poyesa zizindikiro. |
| 2. Kuchotsa matenda ena | Zizindikiro zimenezi zimafufuzidwa kuti zione ngati zayamba chifukwa cha zinthu zina, monga mavuto ogona, mavuto ophunzirira, kupsinjika maganizo kwambiri, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyezetsa thupi, ndipo ngati pakufunika, mayeso ena. |
| 3. Kuzindikira mavuto amisala omwe amakumana nawo nthawi imodzi | Kufufuza matenda ena amisala, monga kupsinjika maganizo ndi nkhawa, chifukwa matenda amenewa amatha kukhala limodzi ndi ADHD. |
Kodi izi zitha kuzindikirika munthu akakula?
Inde, ndithudi. Anthu ambiri amazindikira vutoli akakula. Popeza sachita zinthu mopanda nzeru akadali aang'ono, palibe amene amaona kuti ndi vuto. Koma akakula, mavutowa amayamba kubuka ku yunivesite, kuntchito, komanso m'banja. Nthawi zina, makolo amaona zizindikiro za ADHD mwa mwana wawo ndipo amaganiza kuti, "O, ndinali choncho ndili mwana," ndipo amadzifufuza okha.
Kodi mankhwala a ADHD osasamalidwa ndi ati?
Iyi si matenda ochiritsika kwathunthu. Komabe, imatha kulamulidwa bwino ndipo mutha kukhala ndi moyo wabwino . Dokotala wanu adzapanga dongosolo loyenera kwambiri la chithandizo mwa kuphatikiza njira imodzi kapena zingapo zochizira.
Mankhwala
Pali mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala omwe amathandiza kulinganiza mankhwala (ma neurotransmitters) muubongo omwe amalamulira chidwi.
- Zolimbikitsa Maganizo: Izi zimawongolera zizindikiro za ubongo ndikuwonjezera chidwi ndi kusamala.
- Zosalimbikitsa: Izi zimalimbikitsidwa kwa anthu omwe salola zolimbikitsa.
- Mankhwala Oletsa Kuvutika Maganizo: Mankhwala ena oletsa kuvutika maganizo angathandizenso kuchepetsa zizindikiro za ADHD.
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti mankhwalawa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati dokotala walangiza.
Mankhwala Ochiritsira Khalidwe
- Chithandizo cha Maganizo (CBT): Izi zimakuthandizani kumvetsetsa ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa malingaliro anu, momwe mukumvera, ndi machitidwe anu. Chithandizo chamtunduwu chingakuthandizeni kuzindikira malingaliro ndi machitidwe ovuta, kuwasintha, ndikukulitsa luso lowongolera moyo wanu.
- Magulu Othandizira: Kulankhula ndi anthu omwe akukumana ndi mavuto omwewo ndi kugawana zomwe mwakumana nazo kungakhale mpumulo waukulu. Kudzakuthandizani kuzindikira kuti simuli nokha.
Uphungu ndi Kuphunzitsa
Mphunzitsi wa ADHD ndi munthu amene amakuthandizani kuthetsa mavuto enieni pa moyo wanu wa tsiku ndi tsiku (monga kufika pa nthawi, kukonzekera ntchito). Iye adzakudziwitsani njira zofunika kuti mukhazikitse zolinga ndikuzikwaniritsa.
Kodi mumachita bwanji ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku ndi vutoli?
Kuphatikiza pa chithandizo, kusintha pang'ono moyo wanu kungakuthandizeninso kuthana ndi vutoli. Nazi zina zomwe mungayesere.
| Vuto | Zinthu zomwe mungachite |
|---|---|
| Lamulirani zosokoneza | |
| Mawu akunja ndi zinthu | Sankhani malo opanda phokoso ogwirira ntchito. Gwiritsani ntchito mahedifoni oletsa phokoso. Chepetsani zidziwitso zosafunikira. |
| Konzani ntchitoyo. | |
| Kuvuta kukonzekera bwino | Pangani mndandanda wa zochita m'mawa uliwonse. Chitani chinthu chimodzi chokha nthawi imodzi. Gwiritsani ntchito zikumbutso ndi ma alamu pafoni yanu. Lembani zinthu zofunika mu notebook. |
| Pewani kutayika kwa katundu | |
| Kutayika kwa katundu pafupipafupi | Khalani ndi malo oikidwiratu oikapo chilichonse (monga malo osiyana oikapo makiyi). Khalani ndi chizolowezi choyika zinthu m'malo ake oyenera mukafika kunyumba. |
| Sungani chidwi chanu pamalo amodzi. | |
| Kuvuta kuyang'ana kwambiri | Ngati muli ndi ntchito yaikulu, igawani m'zigawo zing'onozing'ono ndipo malizitsani chimodzi ndi chimodzi. Dzipatseni mphotho yaying'ono mukamaliza ntchitoyo. Pumulani pang'ono pamene mukugwira ntchito. |
Kodi ndingamuthandize bwanji mwana wanga ngati ali ndi vuto la ADHD?
Monga kholo, pali zinthu zambiri zomwe mungachite kuti muthandize mwana wanu.
- Tsatirani ndondomeko ya chithandizo ya dokotala wanu molondola. Ngati mwapatsidwa mankhwala, apatseni pa nthawi yake.
- Lankhulani ndi aphunzitsi a mwana wanu ndipo kambiranani njira zomwe mungathandizire mwana wanu mkalasi.
- Pangani malo opanda phokoso komanso opanda zosokoneza pochita homuweki.
- Yankhani bwino kwa mwanayo (Kulimbikitsa kwabwino). Muyamikireni mwanayo akamaliza ntchito yovuta.
- Musamudzudzule kapena kumudzudzula mwana wanu. Kunena mawu monga "Ndiwe waulesi" kapena "Simungathe kuchita chilichonse" kungawononge kudzidalira kwa mwana wanu.
- Chofunika kwambiri: Musamamuchitire mwana wanu ntchito zapakhomo (kuyeretsa, kuchita homuweki). Zimenezo zingamulepheretse kuchita zinthu payekha. Muthandizeni, muthandizeni, koma muloleni achite yekha ntchitoyo.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Kusaganizira bwino za ADHD si ulesi kapena vuto la khalidwe. Ndi matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kusintha kwa ntchito ya ubongo.
- Matendawa amakhudza ana ndi akuluakulu. Angathe kupezeka ndi kuchiritsidwa ngakhale atakula.
- Ngati mukukayikira kuti inu kapena mwana wanu ali ndi zizindikiro izi, onetsetsani kuti mwawonana ndi dokotala kuti akupatseni upangiri.
- Kudzera mu mankhwala, chithandizo cha khalidwe, ndi kusintha kwa moyo, vutoli lingathe kuthetsedwa bwino ndikukhala ndi moyo wopambana komanso wachimwemwe.
- Kupempha thandizo si kufooka, ndi mphamvu. Simuli nokha.
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