Monga makolo masiku ano, timaganizira kwambiri za ana athu, sichoncho? Timasamala kwambiri za kukula kwa mwana, malankhulidwe ake, ndi khalidwe lake ndi ena. Pakadali pano, muyenera kuti mwamvapo mawu akuti ' autism ' nthawi zambiri. Mwina mumakhala ndi mantha kapena kukayikira pang'ono ngati vutoli lafala kwambiri. Musadandaule. Tiyeni tikambirane za izi moona mtima komanso mosavuta lero.
Autism Spectrum ndi Ziwerengero Zokulirakulira
Choyamba, tiyeni timvetse tanthauzo la autism. Mwachidule, si matenda. Ndi kusintha kwa ubongo komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kukula kwa ubongo. Izi zingayambitse mwana kuyanjana ndi ena m'gulu, kulankhulana, komanso kuchita zinthu mosiyana.
Izi zimatchedwa "spectrum" chifukwa mtundu ndi kuopsa kwa zizindikiro zimasiyana kwambiri kuchokera kwa munthu ndi munthu. Ana ena akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro zochepa, pomwe ena angafunike thandizo lochulukirapo. Matenda monga `Asperger's syndrome` ndi `Pervasive Developmental Disorder -- Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS)` nawonso amagwera mu gulu lonseli.
Tsopano yang'anani ziwerengerozi. M'zaka za m'ma 1970 ndi 1980, mwana mmodzi yekha mwa ana 2,000 ndi amene anapezeka ndi vutoli. Koma masiku ano, m'maiko ena otukuka, mabungwe monga CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) amanena kuti mwana mmodzi mwa ana 150 azaka 8 akhoza kukhala ndi vuto la autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Mafunso awiri amabwera m'maganizo mwa munthu aliyense akaona manambala awa:
1. Kodi chiwerengero cha ana omwe ali ndi autism chawonjezekadi? Kapena chifukwa chakuti tsopano tikuchidziwa bwino ndipo madokotala akuchizindikira mwachangu?
2. Ngati vutoli lakuladi, chifukwa chake n’chiyani?
Kodi ndi kuwonjezeka kwenikweni? Kapena kusintha kwa kaonedwe ka zinthu?
Pali maganizo osiyanasiyana pakati pa akatswiri pankhaniyi. Ena amati izi sizikutanthauza kuti pali kuwonjezeka kwenikweni, koma "kulowa m'malo mwa matenda". Izi zikutanthauza kuti, mwana amene anapezeka ndi 'kuchedwa kwa nzeru' kapena dzina lina zaka 10-15 zapitazo tsopano akhoza kudziwika bwino ngati mwana amene ali ndi 'autism spectrum' yemwe ali ndi chidziwitso chatsopano cha zamankhwala. Mpaka mu 1992, autism sinali ndi gulu losiyana ngakhale m'masukulu.
Komanso, kale, anthu akamaganiza za autism, ankaganiza za vuto lalikulu kwambiri, losagwira ntchito bwino m'maganizo. Koma masiku ano, ana ambiri omwe amapezeka ndi vutoli ali ndi mitundu yochepa ya vutoli.
Komabe, akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti m'malo mokambirana ziwerengerozi,Ndikofunikira kupeza mayankho a funso lakuti, "N’chifukwa chiyani mwana m’modzi mwa ana 150 aliwonse ali ndi vutoli?" Chifukwa tsopano zaonekeratu kuti vutoli ndi lofala kwambiri kuposa momwe tinkaganizira kale.
N’chifukwa chiyani n’kovuta kupeza zifukwa?
Mungadabwe kuti n’chifukwa chiyani n’kovuta kupeza chifukwa chenicheni. Akatswiri amati kupeza chomwe chimayambitsa autism kungakhale kovuta kwambiri kuposa kupeza chomwe chimayambitsa khansa.
Taganizirani izi, tikhoza kuona khansa pogwiritsa ntchito X-ray, scan, kapena biopsy. Koma palibe mayeso odalirika a magazi, biomarker, kapena scan ya ubongo yomwe ingathe kuzindikira molondola autism.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe chifukwa chimodzi chokha cha izi. Zili ngati chivundikiro chomwe n'chovuta kuthetsa. Pakadali pano zikuvomerezedwa kuti ichi ndi vuto lomwe limayamba chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwa majini ndi zinthu zachilengedwe .
| Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zingayambitse | Tiyeni tingodziwa za izi. |
|---|---|
| Mphamvu ya Majini | Kafukufuku wa mapasa akusonyeza kuti majini amachita gawo lalikulu. Ngati mapasa ofanana ali ndi autism, enawo ali ndi mwayi wa 75% woti adwale matendawa. Kuwonjezeka kwa zaka za amayi ndi abambo kungakhalenso chifukwa choopsa. Matenda ena a majini, monga Fragile X syndrome , amagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha milandu. |
| Mphamvu ya Zachilengedwe | Matendawa amatha kufalikira mwa mwana amene ali pachiwopsezo cha majini chifukwa cha zinthu zachilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku akuchitika pa momwe amayi amapezera mankhwala ophera tizilombo kapena mankhwala ena ambiri panthawi ya mimba . Izi zikadali mu gawo lofufuza. |
Kodi nkhani yokhudza katemera ndi autism ndi yoona?
Nkhani imodzi yomwe imabwera nthawi zambiri ikakambirana za izi ndi mgwirizano pakati pa katemera ndi autism. Makolo ambiri amakhulupirira kuti thimerosal, chosungira chokhala ndi mercury chomwe chinkagwiritsidwa ntchito kale mu katemera wina, ndiye chomwe chimayambitsa izi.
Komabe, mabungwe ambiri azachipatala ndi mabungwe ofufuza padziko lonse lapansi atsimikiza kuti ubale wachindunji pakati pa katemera ndi autism sunatsimikizidwe.
Komabe, pa nkhani ina, katemera ananenedwa kuti wawonjezera vuto lomwe linalipo kale, lomwe silinadziwike (vuto la mitochondria) mwa mwana, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi vuto la autism. Izi zikusonyeza momwe vutoli lilili lovuta komanso losiyana ndi la munthu payekha.
Kodi tingayembekezere chiyani kuchokera ku kafukufuku wamtsogolo?
Asayansi sakuima chilili. Akupitiriza kufufuza za ubale wovutawu pakati pa majini ndi chilengedwe.
- Kafukufuku wamkulu monga CHARGE ndi SEED amasonkhanitsa deta kuchokera kwa ana zikwizikwi ndikuyang'ana njira zodziwika bwino zomwe zimakhudza izi.
- Kafukufukuyu akuwunika momwe chitetezo cha mthupi cha mayi chimakhudzira kukula kwa ubongo wa mwana panthawi ya mimba. Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti ma antibodies ena m'magazi a mayi amachitapo kanthu ndi minofu ya ubongo wa mwana wosabadwayo.
- Akufufuzanso ngati kuchuluka kwa mahomoni m'thupi la ana, mwachitsanzo hormone ya leptin, kuli kokwera mwa ana omwe ali ndi autism.
Zonsezi zikutifikitsa ku chinthu chimodzi: Palibe yankho losavuta la autism, ponena kuti, "Ichi ndiye chifukwa chokhacho." Ndi vuto lovuta lomwe limakhudza zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo majini, malo okhala, ndi thanzi la mayi.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Matenda a Autism Spectrum Disorder si matenda. Ndi matenda okhudzana ndi kukula kwa ubongo omwe amasiyana malinga ndi munthu.
- Matendawa amapezeka kwambiri masiku ano kuposa kale, makamaka chifukwa cha kudziwa zambiri komanso njira zabwino zodziwira matenda.
- Palibe chifukwa chimodzi chokha cha izi. Pakadali pano dziko lapansi likukhulupirira kuti izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwa majini ndi zinthu zachilengedwe.
- Ngati muli ndi kukayikira kapena mafunso okhudza kukula, kulankhula, kapena khalidwe la mwana wanu,Chonde musachite mantha ndipo funsani upangiri kwa dokotala wodziwa bwino ntchito yake, monga dokotala wa ana kapena katswiri wa zamaganizo.
- M'malo mosokonezeka ndi zomwe anthu amanena pa intaneti kapena pagulu, kufunafuna upangiri woyenera wachipatala ndiye chinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe mungachite kwa inu ndi mwana wanu.
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