Kodi muli ndi vuto ili ndi mapapo anu? Tiyeni tiphunzire za Matenda a M'mapapo Omwe Amayambitsa Matenda a M'mapapo (ILD)!

Kodi nthawi zina mumamva kusowa mpweya? Kapena muli ndi chifuwa chouma nthawi zonse? Kapena mumamva kukomoka mukamachita khama? Izi sizingakhale kutopa kokha. Zingakhalenso zizindikiro za matenda omwe tikambirane lero otchedwa ``Interstitial Lung Disease`` (``ILD``). Musadandaule, tikambirana izi mosavuta, m'njira yomwe mungamvetse.

Kodi Matenda a M'mapapo a Pakati pa M'mapapo ndi Chiyani?

Mwachidule, matenda a m'mapapo otchedwa interstitial lung disease (ILD) si matenda amodzi. Ndi gulu la matenda. Ndipotu, pali mitundu yoposa 200. Matendawa amachititsa kuti minofu yofewa m'mapapo mwanu ( interstitium ) ivunde, ivulale, komanso ipse. Tsopano mwina mukufunsa kuti, "Kodi interstitium iyi ndi chiyani?" Taganizirani ngati mapapu athu amapangidwa ndi mabaluni ang'onoang'ono (otchedwa alveoli ). Interstitium ndi minofu yofewa pakati pa matumba a mpweya ndi mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imazungulira. Tikamapuma, mpweya umatengedwa ndikutulutsidwa m'magazi kudzera m'matumba a mpweya awa. Chifukwa chake, mu ILD, minofu yofunikayi imawonongeka, kotero mpweya sufika bwino m'thupi.

`ILD` imatchedwanso `Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease (DPLD).` Komabe, `ILD` ndi dzina lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani m'thupi pamene `ILD` yayamba?

Ngati muli ndi ILD, ziwalo za m'mapapo mwanu zomwe zimasonkhanitsa mpweya kuchokera m'magazi anu ndikutumiza ku thupi lanu lonse zimawonongeka. Minofu imeneyi imakhala ndi zipsera (zotchedwanso fibrosis ), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupuma. Muthanso kukhala ndi chifuwa chouma komanso chosalekeza. Mutha kumva kutopa nthawi zonse chifukwa thupi lanu silikupeza mpweya wokwanira.

Ngati kuwonongeka kumeneku kupitirira kuwonjezeka, kungayambitse mavuto omwe nthawi zina amatha kukhala pachiwopsezo. Mwachitsanzo, matenda a m'mapapo ndi kulephera kupuma (komwe thupi sililandira mpweya wokwanira kapena limalandira mpweya woipa wambiri wa carbon dioxide).

Kodi pali mitundu iti ya `ILD`?

Monga tanenera kale, pali mitundu yoposa 200 ya `ILD`. Chimodzi mwa zofala kwambiri ndi `Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis` . Kuphatikiza apo, `ILD` ingayambitsidwenso ndi zinthu zomwe zili kuntchito kwathu (kukhudzana ndi ntchito) kapena matenda olumikizana ndi minofu. Zitsanzo zina ndi izi:

• Asbestosis
• Silicosis
• Chibayo cha radiation
• Chibayo cha Interstitial Nonspecific

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa `Interstitial Lung Disease` (ILD) ndi `Pulmonary Fibrosis` ndi kotani?

Ichi ndi chinthu chomwe chimasokoneza anthu ambiri.Matenda a m'mapapo otchedwa Pulmonary Fibrosis (Pulmonary Fibrosis) ndi mtundu wa ILD. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, si matenda onse a m'mapapo omwe ndi matenda a m'mapapo otchedwa pulmonary fibrosis. Matenda a m'mapapo otchedwa pulmonary fibrosis ndi omwe amachititsa kuti m'mapapo mukhale zipsera. Ngakhale kuti zipsera zimenezi ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda ena a m'mapapo otchedwa ILD, kutupa kungakhale chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda ena a m'mapapo otchedwa ILD.

Ndani amene ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a `ILD`?

Mungakhale ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza ILD ngati:

• Ngati muli ndi zaka zoposa 70.
• Ngati ndinu mwamuna. (Akazi nawonso akhoza kukhala ndi vutoli, koma limapezeka kwambiri mwa amuna)
• Ngati munasuta kapena munasuta kale.
• Ngati mudadwalapo matenda enaake kale, mwachitsanzo, Hepatitis C, Tuberculosis, Chibayo, COPD, kapena Connective Tissue Disease.
• Ngati mupuma zinthu zomwe zimawononga mapapo anu chifukwa cha ntchito yanu kapena malo omwe mumakhala . Zitsanzo: asbestos, silika, nkhungu, bowa, kapena mabakiteriya.
• Ngati mwalandira chithandizo cha radiation pachifuwa panu .

Kodi `ILD` ndi yoopsa bwanji?

Popeza pali mitundu yambiri ya `ILD`, kuopsa kwa `ILD` komwe munthu aliyense amakhala nako kumatha kusiyana. Ena akhoza kukhala ofatsa, koma ena akhoza kukhala oopsa kwambiri. Chofunika kwambiri, kuwonongeka kwa mapapo komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mitundu yambiri ya `ILD` ndi `kosasinthika`. Izi zikutanthauza kuti n'kovuta kukonza minofu yowonongekayo. Mitundu ina yoopsa ya `ILD` imakula pakapita nthawi (`progressive`).

Kodi zizindikiro za `ILD` ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro zofala kwambiri za ILD ndi izi:

• Kuvuta kupuma (kupuma movutikira): Izi zitha kuipiraipira, makamaka panthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena kuchita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi.
• Chifuwa chouma (chifuwa chopanda phlegm).
• Kumva kutopa kwambiri (kutopa).
• Kusamva bwino pachifuwa kapena kupweteka.

Zizindikiro zimenezi sizingakhale zazikulu poyamba, koma pang'onopang'ono zimatha kuipiraipira pakatha miyezi kapena zaka. Zizindikiro zina zingayambenso, kutengera chomwe chimayambitsa ILD.

Kodi zifukwa za `ILD` ndi ziti?

Zomwe zimayambitsa ILD zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu: zomwe zimayambitsa zomwe zadziwika ndi zomwe sizikudziwika .

Zifukwa Zodziwika

Izi zikutanthauza kuti ILD imayamba chifukwa cha matenda ena omwe muli nawo kale, kapena chifukwa cha mankhwala ena omwe mumamwa, chithandizo cha radiation, kapena kukhudzana ndi zinthu zovulaza m'chilengedwe.

Zina mwa zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zadziwika:

• Matenda a Minofu Yolumikizana: Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo matenda monga Matenda a Nyamakazi (RA), Lupus, ndi Scleroderma.
• Matenda a Granulomatous: Chitsanzo ndi sarcoidosis.
• Kupuma zinthu zina: zinthu monga asbestos, silika, fodya, ndi beryllium.
• Matenda a chifuwa chopumira (Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis): Matendawa angayambitsidwe ndi kupuma zinthu monga nkhungu, bowa, mabakiteriya, nthenga za mbalame, kapena tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta ndowe za mbalame.
• Mankhwala kapena mankhwala ena: Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala monga amiodarone, nitrofurantoin, methotrexate, ndi radiation therapy.

Zifukwa Zosadziwika (`Zifukwa Zosadziwika` kapena `Idiopathic`)

Nthawi zina madokotala sangapeze chomwe chimayambitsa ILD. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mumakhala ndi ILD popanda matenda ena aliwonse kapena kukhudzidwa ndi chilichonse choopsa. Timatcha idiopathic interstitial pneumonia . Pali mitundu ingapo ya ILD. Mtundu wofala kwambiri wa ILD, komwe palibe chifukwa chomwe chingapezeke, ndi idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis .

Kodi mungazindikire bwanji ILD? (Kuzindikira)

Dokotala wanu adzatsatira njira zingapo kuti adziwe matenda a ILD. Choyamba, adzakuyang'anirani, adzamvetsera mapapu anu ndikufufuza ngati pali phokoso lililonse lachilendo (monga kugwedezeka). Kenako adzakufunsani mafunso monga:

• Mbiri yanu yonse yazaumoyo ndi matenda ena aliwonse omwe alipo.
• Zokhudza mankhwala omwe mukugwiritsa ntchito panopa kapena omwe mudagwiritsa ntchito kale .
• Kodi pali aliyense m'banja mwanu amene ali ndi matenda awa kapena matenda olumikizana ndi minofu?
• Kaya ntchito yanu kapena zosangalatsa zanu zimakupangitsani kuvutika ndi zinthu zomwe zingayambitse 'ILD' .

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira `ILD`?

Ngati dokotala akukayikira kuti ali ndi ILD, akhoza kuchita mayeso otsatirawa:

• Mayeso a Ntchito ya M'mapapo (PFTs): Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala mayeso opumira, koma nthawi zina zingaphatikizepo mayeso a magazi kapena mayeso ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Izi zimawona momwe mapapu anu akugwirira ntchito.
• Mayeso Ojambula: Kujambula pachifuwa pa X-ray kapena CT scan yapamwamba kwambiri (HRCT) kumatengedwa kuti kuone momwe mapapo alili. Munthu wodziwa bwino za mapapo amatha kuona zinthu zazing'ono kwambiri.
• Kuyezetsa Magazi: Kuyezetsa magazi kuchokera m'dzanja lanu kumayesedwa kuti muwone ngati pali zifukwa zodziwika bwino (monga matenda a minofu yolumikizana) zomwe zingayambitse ILD.
• Kujambula kwa bronchi:Izi zimaphatikizapo kulowetsa chubu chopyapyala, chokhala ndi kamera ('bronchoscope') kudzera mu mphuno kapena pakamwa panu kupita m'mapapo anu kuti muwone njira zanu zopumira. Nthawi zina chitsanzo cha maselo ('lavage') chingatengedwenso kuchokera m'mapapo anu.
• Kufufuza za matenda a mapapo: Nthawi zina, kachidutswa kakang'ono ka minofu kamatengedwa m'mapapo ndikuyang'aniridwa pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu. Izi zingathandize kudziwa mtundu weniweni wa ILD. Kufufuza kwa mapapo kungachitike kudzera mu bronchoscopy kapena kudzera mu opaleshoni yaying'ono (opaleshoni ya mapapo).

Kodi mankhwala a `ILD` ndi otani?

Mwatsoka, palibe mankhwala omwe angachiritse `ILD` kwathunthu.

Koma musataye mtima. Chithandizochi cholinga chake ndi kuchiza matenda omwe amayambitsa ILD, kuchepetsa zizindikiro, ndikuchepetsa kupitirira kwa matendawa. Dokotala wanu angakupatseni chithandizo chamankhwala, mpweya wowonjezera, kapena mankhwala ochepetsa kutupa m'mapapu anu kapena kuchepetsa zipsera.

Kodi mankhwala ndi mankhwala otani omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa `ILD`?

• Corticosteroids: Mankhwala monga prednisone amathandiza kuchepetsa kutupa m'mapapo.
• Mankhwala Oletsa Mitsempha ndi Owononga Mitsempha: Mankhwalawa amatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zipsera m'mapapo. Zitsanzo: Azathioprine, Cyclophosphamide, Pirfenidone, Nintedanib.
• Mankhwala Okhudza Zamoyo: Mankhwala monga Rituximab amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ena odziteteza ku matenda a autoimmune ndi matenda ena omwe amayambitsa ILD.
• Chithandizo cha GERD: Ngati muli ndi matenda a gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), akhoza kuipitsa ILD. Chifukwa chake, mungapatsidwe mankhwala oletsa asidi m'mimba.
• Kubwezeretsa M'mapapo: Iyi ndi pulogalamu yapadera yochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso yophunzitsa. Masewera olimbitsa thupi opumira komanso olimbitsa thupi amathandiza kulimbitsa mapapu anu ndikupangitsa kuti kupuma kukhale kosavuta.
• Chithandizo cha Oxygen: Ngati magazi kapena minofu yanu sikupeza mpweya wokwanira, dokotala wanu angakupatseni mpweya wowonjezera. Izi zimaperekedwa kudzera mu cannula ya m'mphuno kapena chophimba nkhope.
• Kusamutsa mapapo: Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi ILD yoopsa kwambiri, kusamutsa mapapo kungakhale njira yomaliza.

Zotsatirapo zoyipa za chithandizo

Mankhwala ena a ILD (makamaka corticosteroids ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda) amatha kufooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi lanu. Chifukwa chake, dokotala wanu adzakuyang'anirani nthawi zonse ndikuyang'anira mavuto omwe angakhalepo.

Kodi ILD ingapewedwe?

N'zovuta kupewa mitundu yambiri ya ILD. Komabe, mungachite izi kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi ILD:

• Konzani matenda aliwonse omwe muli nawo kale (monga matenda a minofu yolumikizana).
• Pewani kupuma zinthu zomwe zingawononge mapapo.
• Ngati mumagwira ntchito m'malo omwe muli asbestos, fumbi lachitsulo, kapena mankhwala, valani chopumira choyenera (chophimba nkhope chomwe chimasefa tinthu tating'onoting'ono mumlengalenga).
• Matenda a chifuwa kwa nthawi yayitali amatha kuchitika chifukwa cha zinthu monga udzu, tirigu, ndowe za mbalame kapena nthenga, ndi makina otenthetsera ndi ozizira. Valani chopumira mpweya mukamagwiritsa ntchito zinthuzi.
• Ngati muli ndi vuto monga matenda a minofu yolumikizana kapena sarcoidosis, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za njira zopewera ILD.
• Ngati mukusuta, siyani. Ngati simusuta, musayambe.

Kodi tsogolo la munthu amene ali ndi `ILD` ndi lotani?

Ngati muli ndi ILD, inu ndi dokotala wanu mudzagwira ntchito limodzi kuti mudziwe momwe mungathanirane ndi vuto lanu, kutengera chomwe chimayambitsa ILD. Mwachitsanzo, ngati ILD yanu imayamba chifukwa cha ntchito yanu kapena ziwengo (hypersensitivity pneumonitis), mungafunike kusiya kugwira ntchito ndi chinthu chomwe chimayambitsa ILD kapena kutenga njira zina zodzitetezera.

Ngakhale mankhwala amatha kuchepetsa kutupa, zipsera zomwe zimachitika m'mapapo chifukwa cha ILD zimakhala zamuyaya. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuwonongeka sikungathetsedwe. Ngati muli ndi vuto linalake, kulisamalira bwino kungathandize kupewa kuwonongeka kwina. Ngati muli ndi ILD yomwe palibe chifukwa chomwe chingapezeke (idiopathic), dokotala wanu adzachiza zizindikiro zanu ndikuyesera kupewa kuwonongeka kwina.

Kodi mavuto omwe angakhalepo chifukwa cha `ILD` ndi ati?

Ngati ILD ikula kwambiri, mavuto omwe angaike moyo pachiswe angachitike, monga:

• Kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mapapo
• Mapapo Osweka (Pneumothorax)
• Matenda a m'mapapo
• Kulephera Kupuma
• Khansa ya M'mapapo

Kodi munthu amene ali ndi `ILD` amakhala ndi moyo wautali bwanji?

Funso limene anthu ambiri amafunsa ndi ili. Nthawi yomwe munthu amene ali ndi `ILD` amakhala ndi moyo imadalira chifukwa cha `ILD` komanso kuopsa kwake. Anthu ena akhoza kukhala moyo wabwinobwino popanda chithandizo kapena osalandira chithandizo chokwanira ngati `ILD` yawo si yoopsa kwambiri. Ngati matenda anu sakukulirakulira (ndiko kuti, ngati ali `okhazikika`), chiyembekezo (`prognosis`) chimakhala chabwino.

Komabe, kwa iwo omwe ali ndi mitundu yoopsa kwambiri ya `ILD` komanso yomwe ikuipiraipira mofulumira, nthawi yoti munthu akhale ndi moyo pambuyo pozindikira matendawa ikhoza kukhala yochepa ngati zaka 3-5. Musachite mantha ndi ziwerengerozi. Izi ndi zosiyana kwa munthu aliyense.

Kodi ndimadzisamalira bwanji ngati ndili ndi `ILD`?

Ngati mwapezeka ndi ILD, njira yabwino yodzisamalira ndikugwira ntchito ndi dokotala wanu kuti mupange dongosolo lothana ndi zizindikiro zanu ndikupewa kuwonongeka kwina.

• Thandizani matenda aliwonse omwe angayambitse ILD.
• Lamulirani zinthu zomwe zingapangitse ILD kukhala yoipa kwambiri (monga GERD).
• Ngati mumagwira ntchito ndi zinthu zomwe zimawononga mapapo kapena zimayambitsa ziwengo kwa nthawi yayitali, muyenera kutsatira njira zapadera zodzitetezera.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi:

• Kupuma pang'onopang'ono kumavuta.
• Kuvuta kupuma panthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
• Chifuwa chouma chosatha.

Ngati ILD yachiritsidwa msanga, zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

Musaiwale kufunsa mafunso awa mukapita kwa dokotala wanu:

• N’chifukwa chiyani ndinadwala matendawa?
• Kodi ndi njira ziti zochiritsira zomwe ndili nazo?
• Kodi vutoli lidzaipiraipira?
• Kodi kuwonongeka kwa mapapo kungachepe?
• Ndi kusintha kotani komwe ndingachite kuti ndiwongolere moyo wanga?

Pali mitundu yambirimbiri ya matenda a ILD. Ena ndi ofatsa, ena ndi oopsa kwambiri. Mutha kuwona ziwerengero zoopsa pa intaneti, koma dokotala wanu yekha ndi amene angakuuzeni bwino lomwe vuto lanu. Lankhulani moona mtima ndi dokotala wanu ndikumvetsetsa bwino zomwe mukuyembekezera. Pamodzi, inu ndi dokotala wanu mutha kupanga dongosolo lothana ndi zizindikiro zanu ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri.

Tiyeni tikumbukire zinthu zofunika kwambiri (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

• `ILD` ndi gulu la matenda omwe amawononga minofu yofewa ya mapapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kupuma kukhale kovuta.
• Chifuwa chouma, kupuma movutikira, komanso kutopa ndiye zizindikiro zazikulu.
• Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zambiri, ndipo nthawi zina palibe chifukwa chomwe chingapezeke.
• Ngakhale kuti palibe mankhwala athunthu, pali mankhwala oletsa zizindikiro ndikuletsa matendawa kuti asakule kwambiri.
• Ndikofunikira kupewa kusuta fodya, kupewa kupuma zinthu zovulaza, komanso kuwongolera matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha matendawa.
• Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro, musachite mantha ndipo funsani upangiri kwa dokotala. Kuzindikira matenda mwachangu ndi kulandira chithandizo ndikofunikira kwambiri.

Tikukhulupirira kuti izi zikuthandizani. Khalani ndi thanzi labwino!

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