Kodi mumavutikanso kupuma ngati mphumu? Nthawi ngati zimenezi, dokotala akhoza kukuuzani kuti mugwiritse ntchito mankhwala opumira. Ma beta-agonists ndi mtundu wapadera wa mankhwala omwe ali mu mankhwala opumira omwe amapangitsa kuti kupuma kwathu kukhale kosavuta. Ngakhale kuti dzinali ndi lovuta pang'ono, ntchito yake ndi yosavuta. Tiyeni tikambirane za izi mwatsatanetsatane, mwachidule.
Mwachidule, kodi beta-agonist ndi chiyani?
Ganizirani maselo m'thupi mwathu ngati ali ndi 'maswichi' kapena 'mabatani' ochepa. Mu zamankhwala, timatcha ma receptor awa. Mtundu uwu wa mankhwala, wotchedwa beta-agonist, umayatsa 'maswichi' awa otchedwa beta-receptors m'mapapu athu ndi ziwalo zina.
Pamene switch iyi yayatsidwa, minofu yozungulira njira zopumira m'mapapo imamasuka. Izi zimatsegula njira zopumira zopapatiza ndipo zimapangitsa kuti tipume mosavuta. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mankhwalawa amatchedwanso 'bronchodilators'. Kuphatikiza apo, amathandizira kukweza kugunda kwa mtima ndikuwonjezera ntchito ya mtima pamlingo wina.
Kodi pali mitundu ikuluikulu ya beta-agonists?
Inde, mankhwala awa amagawidwanso m'magulu atatu akuluakulu, kutengera mitundu ya ma beta-receptors m'thupi lathu.
- Beta-1 agonists: Izi zimakhudza kwambiri ma receptors mumtima mwathu. Mtundu uwu wa mankhwala umapangitsa mtima kugunda mofulumira ndipo umathandiza kuti upompe magazi mwamphamvu kwambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake madokotala amawagwiritsa ntchito pa matenda ena a mtima ndi zadzidzidzi.
- Beta-2 agonists: Iyi ndi mtundu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Mankhwalawa, makamaka omwe amaperekedwa ndi inhaler, amagwira ntchito pomangirira mwachindunji ku ma receptors m'mapapo , kumasula minofu m'njira zopumira komanso kupangitsa kuti kupuma kukhale kosavuta. Ndi ofunikira pochiza matenda monga mphumu ndi COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease).
- Beta-3 agonists: Awa ndi mankhwala atsopano. Mankhwala omwe alipo panopa amagwira ntchito makamaka pochepetsa minofu ya chikhodzodzo , kuchepetsa kufunikira kokodza pafupipafupi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza vuto lotchedwa chikhodzodzo chogwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso.
Palinso mitundu ya beta-2 agonists.
Inde, mtundu uwu wa beta-2 womwe umaperekedwa chifukwa cha vuto la kupuma umagawidwanso m'magawo awiri. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mudziwe izi.
| Mtundu wa mankhwala | Kufotokozera |
|---|---|
| Beta-Agonists Yogwira Ntchito Mwachidule (SABA) | Izi zimatchedwa "zopumira zopulumutsa." Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene matenda a mphumu akukulirakulira mwadzidzidzi kapena pamene mukuvutika kupuma. Zimagwira ntchito pasanathe mphindi zambiri ndipo zimapereka mpumulo mwachangu. |
| Beta-Agonists Ogwira Ntchito Kwanthawi Yaitali (LABA) | Izi sizithandiza kuthetsa vutoli mwachangu. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku lililonse, nthawi zonse, kuti zithetse zizindikiro komanso kupewa kupuma movutikira. Zotsatira zake zimatha kwa maola angapo. Nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa pamodzi ndi mankhwala a steroid (corticosteroid). |
Kodi mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito bwanji m'thupi?
Njira yabwino yomvetsetsera izi ndi kuganizira momwe thupi lathu limayankhira pa "nkhondo kapena kuthawa". Tangoganizirani kuti mukukumana ndi ngozi yadzidzidzi. Panthawi imeneyo, thupi lanu limakonzekera kumenyana kapena kuthawa.
Panthawiyi, zizindikiro zimachokera ku ubongo, zomwe zimakulitsa njira zopumira m'mapapo kuti zilandire mpweya wochuluka, ndikufulumizitsa kugunda kwa mtima kuti zitumize magazi olemera mu mpweya ku minofu mwachangu.
Ndicho chimene mankhwala a beta-agonist amachita mwa kupanga. Amayatsa 'maswichi' oyenera (ma receptor) ndipo amachititsa thupi kuyankha ngati kuti likukumana ndi vuto ladzidzidzi. Ndicho chifukwa chake minofu ya m'mapapo imapumula, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kupuma kukhale kosavuta.
Kodi mankhwala a beta-agonist omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ati?
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala a beta-agonist omwe madokotala amapereka. Nazi zitsanzo zina:
| Gulu la mankhwala | Zitsanzo (mayina a mankhwala) |
|---|---|
| Beta-2 yogwira ntchito mwachidule (SABA) | Salbutamol / Albuterol, Levalbuterol |
| Beta-2 yogwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali (LABA) | Formoterol, Salmeterol, Indacaterol |
| Beta-1 agonist | Dobutamine, Norepinephrine |
| Beta-3 agonist | Mirabegron |
Kodi pali zotsatirapo zilizonse pa mankhwalawa?
Monga mankhwala ena aliwonse, beta-agonists angayambitse mavuto mwa anthu ena. Komabe, akagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chopumira, mankhwalawa amapita mwachindunji m'mapapo, kotero mavuto nthawi zambiri amakhala ochepa. Komabe, anthu ena angakumane ndi izi:
- Kugunda kwa mtima mwachangu (Tachycardia)
- Kugunda kwa mtima kosakhazikika (Arrhythmia)
- Kugwedezeka
- Nkhawa
- Mutu
- Kupweteka kwa minofu
- Kutuluka thukuta
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti ngati mukukumana ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa izi, kapena ngati mukumva zachilendo mutagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawo, lankhulani ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Iye akhoza kusintha mlingo kapena kukupatsani mankhwala ena.
Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?
Pali zochitika zingapo pamene ndikofunikira kwambiri kuonana ndi dokotala wanu.
- Ngati mukukumana ndi zotsatirapo zosasangalatsa komanso zosayembekezereka .
- Ngati mukuona kuti mankhwala anu sakugwira ntchito bwino monga kale (mwachitsanzo, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito inhaler yanu nthawi zambiri kuposa kale kuti mupeze mpumulo).
- Ngati mukuona kuti zizindikiro zanu zikuipiraipira ndipo simungathe kuziletsa .
Pankhaniyi, dokotala wanu akhoza kuwonanso dongosolo lanu la chithandizo ndikukupatsani yankho labwino komanso lothandiza kwambiri.Musasiye kumwa mankhwala anu kapena kusintha mlingo popanda upangiri wa dokotala. Ngati mukukumana ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa, pitani ku chipatala chapafupi cha Emergency Department (ETU) nthawi yomweyo.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Beta-agonists ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amapangitsa kupuma kukhala kosavuta, makamaka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda opuma monga mphumu ndi COPD.
- Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu: yogwira ntchito mwachidule (SABA) yomwe imapereka chithandizo chachangu pakagwa ngozi, ndi yogwira ntchito nthawi yayitali (LABA) yomwe imapereka mphamvu yolamulira matendawa kwa nthawi yayitali.
- Nthawi zonse gwiritsani ntchito mankhwalawa monga momwe dokotala wanu wanenera, komanso mu mlingo wokhawo womwe waperekedwa .
- Dziwani zotsatirapo zake monga kugunda kwa mtima mofulumira komanso kunjenjemera kwa manja. Ngati mukumva kusasangalala, dziwitsani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo.
- Ngati mukuona kuti chithandizo chanu sichikugwira ntchito bwino kapena zizindikiro zanu zikukulirakulira, musadzichiritse nokha ndikupempha upangiri kwa dokotala.
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