Tiyeni tiphunzire bwino za inhaler yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mavuto opuma? (Bronchodilator)

Kodi mukuvutika kupuma ngati mphumu? Kapena mwawonapo wina m'banja mwanu akugwiritsa ntchito chopumira? Lero tikambirana za mankhwala awa omwe amakuthandizani kupuma mosavuta, omwe ndi ma bronchodilator. Anthu ambiri amaopa izi, koma ngati mumvetsetsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino, izi zitha kukhala zothandiza kwambiri pamoyo.

Mwachidule, kodi bronchodilator ndi chiyani?

Ganizirani njira zopumira mpweya zomwe zimanyamula mpweya kupita ku mapapo anu ngati machubu. Minofu yofewa yozungulira machubu awa ikalimba, malo omwe ali mkati mwa machubuwo amakhala ochepa ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuti mpweya udutse. Izi ndi zomwe zimachitika m'mikhalidwe monga mphumu ndi COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease). Pamenepo ndi pamene mumamva ngati mukutsamwidwa ndipo chifuwa chanu chachepa.

Choncho, chomwe mankhwala otchedwa bronchodilator amachita ndikumasula minofu yolimba nthawi yomweyo ndikukulitsa njira zopumira zopapatiza (bronchi). Kenako zimakhala zosavuta kuti mapapo alowe ndi kutuluka mpweya, ndipo mumatha kupuma mosavuta.

Mankhwalawa amabwera makamaka mu mawonekedwe a inhaler komanso ngati madzi operekedwa kudzera mu makina otchedwa nebulizer.

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya ma bronchodilator:

Izi zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu kutengera nthawi yomwe zimatenga kuti zigwire ntchito. Dokotala wanu adzakuuzani kuti mugwiritse ntchito chimodzi mwa izi, kapena zonse ziwiri.

Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya ma bronchodilator ndi iti?

Pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya mankhwala ochepetsa kutupa m'mapapo: beta 2-agonists, anticholinergics, ndi theophylline.

1. Beta 2-agonists

Izi zimabwera m'mitundu yonse iwiri ya short-acting (SABA) ndi long-acting (LABA).

• Mankhwala a beta 2-agonists omwe amagwira ntchito mwachangu (SABA): Awa ndi mankhwala "opulumutsa" omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a mphumu mwadzidzidzi. Amagwira ntchito mkati mwa mphindi 15-20 ndipo amapereka mpumulo kwa maola pafupifupi 4-6. Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito musanayambe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti mupewe mphumu yomwe imabwera chifukwa cha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Zitsanzo: `Albuterol (Ventolin®)`, `Levalbuterol (Xopenex®)`.
• Mankhwala a beta-2 agonists omwe amagwira ntchito nthawi yayitali (LABA): Amamwedwa kawiri patsiku ndipo amathandiza kuti matendawa asamavutike. Nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa pamodzi ndi corticosteroid, mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kutupa m'njira zopumira. Zitsanzo: `Salmeterol (Serevent®)`, `Formoterol (Foradil®)`. Palinso mankhwala opumira omwe amaphatikiza zonse ziwiri, monga `Advair®` ndi `Symbicort®`.

2. Mankhwala oletsa kutsekula m'mimba

Izi zimaletsa ntchito ya acetylcholine, mankhwala opangidwa ndi dongosolo lathu la mitsempha. Acetylcholine iyi ndi yomwe imawonetsa minofu yozungulira njira zopumira kuti iume. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa mphumu yovuta kulamulira kwa nthawi yayitali, m'malo mochepetsa nthawi yomweyo. Zitsanzo: `Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent®)`, `Tiotropium bromide (Spiriva Respimat®)`.

3. Theophylline

Imabwera ngati piritsi (`Uniphyl®`). Ngakhale kuti imathandiza kuchepetsa matenda oopsa a mphumu, sigwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri. Mukamamwa mankhwalawa, muyenera kuyezetsa magazi nthawi zonse kuti muwonetsetse kuti muli ndi mankhwala okwanira m'magazi anu.

Kodi zotsatirapo zake ndi ziti?

Zotsatirapo zake zingasiyane malinga ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito. Komabe, sizimachitika kwa aliyense, ndipo ngati zitachitika, nthawi zambiri zimatha patatha masiku angapo.

Kodi bronchodilator ndi mtundu wa steroid?

Ayi. Izi ndi mitundu iwiri yosiyana kwambiri ya mankhwala.

Mwachidule, ma bronchodilator amamasula minofu ya m'njira zanu zopumira. Ma steroid amachepetsa kutupa m'njira zanu zopumira. Popeza zonsezi zimachitika m'matenda monga mphumu, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti mugwiritse ntchito mankhwala onsewa pamodzi.

Kodi mungagwiritse ntchito bwanji inhaler moyenera?

Kuti mupindule mokwanira ndi mankhwalawa, ndikofunikira kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito bwino inhaler. Tsatirani njira izi.

1. Tsekani chivundikiro cha inhaler mwamphamvu ndikuchigwedeza bwino pafupifupi nthawi 10-15.

2. Tsegulani chivindikiro.

3. Pumirani mpweya wambiri ndikutulutsa mpweya wonse.

4. Ikani milomo yanu mozungulira pakamwa ndipo muigwire mwamphamvu.

5. Kanikizani chopumira kamodzi. Nthawi yomweyo, pumirani mpweya wambiri kudzera pakamwa panu.

6. Ngati mukumva phokoso la mluzu mukamapuma, zimatanthauza kuti mukupuma mofulumira kwambiri. Pumirani mpweya pang'ono mozama.

7. Gwirani mpweya wanu kwa masekondi pafupifupi 10. Apa ndi pamene mankhwalawo amafika mbali zonse za mapapo anu.

8. Bwerezani njira izi kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa ma puffs omwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani. Siyani mphindi imodzi pakati pa puff iliyonse.

9. Mukamaliza, tsekaninso chivindikirocho.

10. Zofunika:Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito inhaler yokhala ndi steroid (corticosteroid), tsukani pakamwa panu bwino ndi madzi mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito. Izi zitha kuchepetsa kwambiri zotsatirapo zake.

Ndiyenera kupita liti kwa dokotala wanga?

Ngati mukupeza zizindikiro zatsopano monga kupuma movutikira, chifuwa, kapena kupuma movutikira, onetsetsani kuti mwaonana ndi dokotala. Iye akhoza kuchita mayeso a pulmonary function kuti adziwe momwe mulili.

Ndipo palinso chinthu china chofunikira.

Ngati izi zitachitika, musanyalanyaze. Pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo kuti mukambirane ngati mukufunika kusintha mlingo kapena mtundu wa mankhwala omwe mukumwa kuti muwongolere vuto lanu kwa nthawi yayitali. Nthawi zonse tsatirani ndondomeko ya mankhwala ya dokotala wanu molondola.