Kodi mukumva kuonda komanso kusakhala ndi moyo? Tiyeni tiphunzire za Cachexia (Kutaya Mphamvu)!

Kodi nthawi zina mumaganiza kuti, 'O, n’chifukwa chiyani ndili woonda chonchi? Sindingathe kudya ngakhale pang’ono. Ndatopa kwambiri tsiku lonse.' Kapena mwaonapo munthu wapafupi nanu akudwala vutoli? Ndipotu, pali vuto losokoneza kwambiri lomwe lingachitike ndi matenda ena aakulu, a nthawi yayitali. Madokotala amatcha kuti Cachexia , kapena Wasting Syndrome . Uwu ndi vuto lomwe limakhudza anthu pafupifupi 9 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi. Mwachidule, limapangitsa thupi kuwonongeka pang’onopang’ono. Dzinali limachokera ku mawu awiri achigiriki, "kakos" (woipa) ndi "hexis" (mkhalidwe). Chifukwa chake, "mkhalidwe woipa wa thupi" ndi zomwe limatanthauza. Izi si zophweka kuchita, koma tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane, chifukwa ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa za izi.

Kodi zizindikiro za cachexia ndi ziti?

Madokotala angagwiritse ntchito mawu oti "cachectic" akamalankhula za vutoli. Onani ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa ali ndi zizindikiro izi:

• Kuchepetsa thupi mosadziwika: Ichi ndiye chizindikiro chachikulu. Mumapitiriza kuchepetsa thupi, ngakhale simukuyesera kuchepetsa thupi ndipo mukudya zakudya zabwino. Nthawi zambiri, ngati mutachepetsa thupi ndi 5% kapena kuposerapo mkati mwa miyezi 6 mpaka 12, madokotala angakukayikireni. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mulemera makilogalamu 60, kutaya makilogalamu atatu kapena kuposerapo kungakhale chizindikiro cha izi.
• Kutaya minofu: Madokotala amatchanso izi kutayika kwa minofu kapena kufooka kwa minofu . Mwachidule, minofu m'thupi lanu imataya mphamvu pang'onopang'ono. Imakhala yocheperako komanso yofooka. Mungapeze kuti ngakhale ntchito zomwe zinali zosavuta kale zimaoneka zovuta kuchita.
• Kutopa ndi kufooka: Uku si kutopa kwachibadwa. Umamva kutopa kwambiri tsiku lonse moti sungathe kuchita chilichonse. Mwina sungafune kudzuka pabedi.
• Kusowa chilakolako cha chakudya (anorexia): Kusowa chilakolako cha chakudya. Chakudya sichikuonekanso ndipo chimakoma kwambiri. Izi ndi zosiyana ndi matenda odya otchedwa Anorexia Nervosa . Uwu ndi mkhalidwe womwe munthu amataya chilakolako cha chakudya chifukwa cha matenda.

Chifukwa chiyani cachexia imachitika?

Mwachidule, cachexia imachitika pamene ubale pakati pa kufunikira kwa mphamvu m'thupi lathu ndi mphamvu zomwe timapeza kuchokera ku chakudya zasokonekera. Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndi kupezeka kwa matenda aakulu osatha, monga khansa, kapena matenda a mtima.

Tangoganizirani, mukadwala matenda aakulu, chitetezo cha mthupi lanu chimayamba kulimbana ndi matendawa. Kenako kagayidwe ka thupi m'thupi lanu kamathamanga. Izi zikutanthauza kuti thupi lanu limafunikira mphamvu zambiri kuposa masiku onse. Koma, chifukwa cha matendawa, chilakolako chanu chingachepenso.

Kotero, ngati simukupeza mphamvu zokwanira kuchokera ku chakudya, thupi lanu limachita chiyani? Limayamba kutenga mphamvu kuchokera ku minofu yanu ndi mafuta omwe ali mkati mwake. Ndicho chifukwa chake mumachepa thupi ndipo minofu yanu imasungunuka.

Kunena mwachidule zasayansi, pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimakhudza izi:

• Kuwonjezeka kwa ma Cytokine: Ma Cytokine ndi mapuloteni apadera m'thupi lathu. Izi zimathandiza thupi lathu kulimbana ndi adani monga mavairasi. Komabe, mu Cachexia, ma cytokine awa amawonjezeka kwambiri ndipo amayambitsa kutupa m'thupi lonse. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mafuta ndi minofu zichepe.
• Kutupa kwa thupi lonse: Kutupa kumeneku komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda osatha monga khansa kumayambitsanso kuwonongeka kwa mafuta ndi minofu.
• Kukana kwa insulin: Insulin ndi mahomoni omwe amalamulira shuga m'magazi mwathu. Kukana kwa insulin kumatanthauza kuti minofu ndi maselo athu amafuta sayankha bwino ku insulin. Mu cachexia, vutoli lingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa minofu.
• Kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni m'thupi: Pali njira yomwe maselo athu amapangira mapuloteni atsopano kuti alowe m'malo mwa mapuloteni akale. Izi zimatchedwanso kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni. Mu cachexia, kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni awa kumawonjezeka mofulumira kuposa kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni atsopano. Izi zikutanthauza kuti thupi limagwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni ambiri kuposa momwe limapangira atsopano. Ichi ndi chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimachititsa kuti minofu itayike.

Ndi matenda ati omwe nthawi zambiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi cachexia?

Cachexia imapezeka kwambiri mwa odwala khansa . Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti pafupifupi 40% ya odwala khansa amakhala ndi cachexia matendawa akapezeka koyamba, ndipo pafupifupi 70% ya odwala khansa yapamwamba kapena yomaliza amakhala ndi cachexia.

Komabe, vutoli lingachitike osati kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa okha, komanso kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ena aakulu osatha. Nazi zitsanzo zingapo:

• Kulephera kwa mtima: Pakati pa 16% ndi 42% ya anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima amatha kukhala ndi vuto la mtima .
• Matenda a m'mapapo osatha (COPD): Cachexia imayamba mwa anthu 27% mpaka 35% omwe ali ndi COPD.
• Matenda a impso osatha (CKD): Matendawa amakhudza anthu pakati pa 30% ndi 60% omwe ali ndi CKD.
• Matenda ena opatsirana: Mwachitsanzo, AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)Matenda a cachexia amapezeka kwambiri pamene matendawa akupita patsogolo. Amathanso kufalikira mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda monga chifuwa chachikulu ndi malungo.
• Matenda otupa osatha: Pakati pa 18% ndi 67% ya anthu omwe ali ndi matenda otupa a mafupa, monga nyamakazi ya rheumatoid , ali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi cachexia.

Kodi mavuto a cachexia ndi ati?

Cachexia ndi matenda omwe angawononge moyo. Taganizirani izi, Cachexia ndiye amachititsa 20% ya imfa za khansa. Chifukwa ikayamba kuwononga minofu, imatha kukhudza mtima ndi kupuma.

Kawirikawiri, kupezeka ndi matenda a cachexia kumatanthauza kuti mapeto a moyo ali pafupi. Nkhani imeneyi ndi yovuta kumva, kwa wodwalayo komanso kwa okondedwa ake. Ikhozanso kuyambitsa mavuto amisala monga nkhawa ndi kuvutika maganizo.

Pamene cachexia imayambitsa kuchepa thupi ndi kusintha kwa mawonekedwe, anthu ena amatha kuchita manyazi komanso kuda nkhawa. Komanso zimakhala zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri kulephera kuchita ntchito yanu chifukwa cha kufooka kwa thupi lanu.

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti pakhoza kukhala kuyanjana kosasangalatsa pakati pa munthu amene ali ndi vuto la cachexia ndi osamalira ake. Tangoganizirani momwe zimakhalira zovuta kuona wokondedwa wanu akuchepa thupi, kufooka, ndikutaya ufulu wake. Nthawi zina, osamalira amaganiza kuti, "Ndikangowapatsa chakudya chochulukirapo, ndidzatha kulamulira izi." Komabe, wodwalayo akakana kudya, amamva chisoni komanso kukwiya. Kukakamizidwa kudya kumeneku kungapangitse kuti misonkhano yabanja ikhale yosasangalatsa. Odwala ena amadzionetsera ngati akugona alendo akabwera, akuyembekeza kuti adzawakakamiza kudya.

Kodi matenda a Cachexia amachiritsidwa bwanji?

Chinthu choyamba chimene dokotala angachite ndikukupimitsani thupi. Adzakufunsani za thanzi lanu lonse, matenda ena aliwonse omwe muli nawo, makamaka ngati mukumwa mankhwala osatha omwe angayambitse cachexia yanu. Akhozanso kuchita mayeso kuti aone ngati thupi lanu lili bwino komanso mphamvu ya minofu yanu. Akhozanso kuchita mayeso a magazi, monga Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) , ndi CT (Computed Tomography) scan .

Kodi cachexia imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Ndipotu, palibe chithandizo chenicheni cha cachexia pakadali pano. Madokotala amayang'ana kwambiri kuchiza matenda omwe amayambitsa cachexia. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuchiza khansa, matenda a mtima, kapena matenda ena osatha ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, mukakhala ndi chilakolako cha chakudya, mungalangizidwe njira zowonjezera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe mumadya.

Mwachitsanzo, madokotala angalimbikitse kudya zakudya zokhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri, mafuta, ndi ma calories, pang'onopang'ono, kangapo patsiku.Ngakhale simungadye chakudya chachikulu nthawi imodzi, kudya chakudya chochepa kangapo patsiku kudzakuthandizani kupeza ma calories ambiri. Ndibwino kukambirana ndi katswiri wa zakudya zanu za zakudya zoyenera nthawi ino ya chaka komanso momwe mungapindulire ndi chakudya chilichonse chomwe mudya.

Kodi pali mankhwala a cachexia?

Pakadali pano, palibe mankhwala enieni omwe avomerezedwa pa cachexia. Ngakhale kuti kafukufuku wina akusonyeza kuti mankhwala a megestrol acetate angawonjezere chilakolako cha chakudya ndikupangitsa kuti munthu awonjezere thupi, sanavomerezedwebe ndi US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ngati mankhwala a cachexia omwe amayamba chifukwa cha khansa. Nthawi zina, madokotala amatha kupereka mankhwala monga corticosteroids kwa kanthawi kochepa.

Kodi osamalira odwala angachite chiyani?

Ngati mukusamalira munthu amene ali ndi vuto la cachexia, ndikofunikira kukumbukira izi: Cachexia ikayamba chifukwa cha matenda aakulu, kagayidwe ka thupi ka thupi kamathamanga, kotero odwala samva njala. Ichi ndichifukwa chake, ngakhale mutawapatsa ma calories ochulukirapo , vuto la cachexia silimakula nthawi zonse. Kudyetsa mokakamiza kumangowonjezera zizindikiro monga nseru ndi kusanza. Izi zimapangitsa wodwalayo kukhala wosasangalala kwambiri.

Choncho, m'malo mokakamiza wokondedwa wanu kuti adye, ganizirani njira zina zomutonthoza. Mwachitsanzo, zinthu zazing'ono monga kumupaka minofu nthawi ndi nthawi, kumupaka mafuta odzola thupi, kapena kumupaka mafuta odzola pakamwa ngati ali ouma zingakhale zotonthoza kwambiri. Ndikofunikiranso kuti mulankhule naye ndikumvetsera.

Ngati ndili ndi Cachexia, ndiyenera kuyembekezera chiyani?

Ngati muli ndi vutoli, mwina mukudwala kale matenda aakulu, omwe mwina ndi owopsa kwambiri. Kutengera ndi matenda anu, kupezeka ndi cachexia kungatanthauze kuti mukuyandikira mapeto a moyo wanu. Komabe, chifukwa pali matenda ambiri omwe angayambitse cachexia, matenda anu akhoza kukhala osiyana kwambiri ndi a wina. Chifukwa chake, njira yabwino yodziwira zomwe mungayembekezere ndikulankhula ndi gulu lanu lazachipatala. Khalani omasuka nawo.

Kodi ndimadzisamalira bwanji?

Ngakhale kuti palibe chitsogozo chenicheni cha kukhala ndi cachexia, malangizo awa angakuthandizeni:

• Idyani bwino (koma osati mokakamiza): Idyani nthawi yomwe mukufuna kudya. Koma musadzikakamize kudya chifukwa choti muyenera kutero.
• Yesani kudya zakudya zochepa: Mukavutika maganizo, simungafune kudya chakudya chachikulu. Choncho, yesani kudya zakudya zochepa zokhala ndi ma calories ambiri kangapo patsiku. Lankhulani ndi katswiri wanu wa zakudya za zakudya zomwe mungadye.
• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi pang'ono:Ngati n'kotheka, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi opepuka kwambiri kungathandize kulimbitsa minofu yanu. Ngakhale kungoyenda kapena kusuntha manja ndi miyendo yanu pang'ono kungathandize.
• Pezani chithandizo cha thanzi la maganizo: N'zofala kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda aakulu ngati awa azikhala ndi nkhawa komanso kuvutika maganizo. Choncho, musazengereze kupempha thandizo kwa gulu lanu lachipatala pankhaniyi.
• Ganizirani za chisamaliro cha palliative: Chisamaliro cha palliative ndi njira yapadera yothandizira yomwe imathandiza kuchepetsa zizindikiro zanu ndi zotsatirapo zake.
• Funsani za chithandizo cha opaleshoni ya odwala okalamba: Funsani gulu lanu lachipatala za chithandizo cha opaleshoni ya odwala okalamba. Izi zingaphatikizepo chithandizo kuchokera kwa anthu monga alangizi auzimu ndi ogwira ntchito zachitukuko.

Kodi kuyamwitsa mwana pogwiritsa ntchito chubu ndi njira yochizira cachexia?

Madokotala nthawi zambiri samalimbikitsa kudya chakudya cham'mimba komanso zakudya zopatsa thanzi kwa ana aang'ono chifukwa cha cachexia, chifukwa mankhwalawa sanatsimikizidwe kuti amathandiza kuchepetsa cachexia kapena kutalikitsa moyo wa mwana.

Kudyetsa mwana kudzera mu chubu ndi kupereka zakudya zamadzimadzi kudzera mu chubu chosinthasintha chomwe chimalowetsedwa kudzera mu mphuno, mwachindunji m'mimba, kapena m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono. Zakudya za parenteral ndi kupereka zakudya mwachindunji mumtsempha kudzera mu mzere wa IV.

Pomaliza, zomwe muyenera kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Cachexia, kapena Wasting Syndrome, ndi matenda omwe amakhudza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda aakulu osatha, makamaka khansa yoopsa komanso matenda a mtima. Nthawi zambiri, imaonedwa ngati imodzi mwa magawo omaliza a moyo. Iyi ndi nkhani yomvetsa chisoni kwambiri kumva, kaya muli ndi cachexia kapena mukusamalira munthu amene ali nayo. Madokotala anu amadziwa kuchuluka kwa cachexia komwe kungasokoneze moyo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku ndikukhudza thanzi lanu la maganizo. Ngati muli mumkhalidwe uwu, musabise chilichonse ndipo funani thandizo la thanzi la maganizo kuchokera kwa gulu lanu lachipatala. Kumbukirani, simuli nokha. Chofunika kwambiri ndikudziwa izi, kuzimvetsa, ndikupeza thandizo lomwe mukufuna.

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