Kodi muli ndi kukayikira kapena mantha okhudza kukula kwa mwana wanu? Nthawi zina, ana athu akamachita zinthu mosiyana pang'ono ndi ana ena, kapena kukula kwawo kukachedwa, timadabwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa nthawi ngati izi. Lero, tikambirana za matenda osowa koma oopsa a majini. Matendawa amatchedwa Matenda a Canavan.
Kodi Matenda a Canavan ndi chiyani? Mwachidule...
Matenda a Canavan ndi matenda osowa kwambiri a majini . Amakhudza mwachindunji ubongo wathu. Kunena zoona, ndi vuto la mitsempha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, pakapita nthawi, zolakwika mu ubongo zimawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono ndipo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Tangoganizani, ubongo wathu umafunika mankhwala enaake ofunikira kuti ugwire ntchito bwino, sichoncho? Eya, matendawa akakula, ubongo umakhala wopanda mankhwala ofunikira. Zotsatira zake, ubongo pang'onopang'ono umakhala ngati siponji , ngati pepala. Kenako ubongo sungathe kugwira ntchito yake bwino.
Matenda a Canavan ndi a m'gulu la matenda otchedwa "leukodystrophies." Awa ndi matenda osowa kwambiri, obadwa nawo. Amakhudza ubongo wathu, msana (ndiko kuti, mitsempha mkati mwa msana), ndi mitsempha ina. Chomvetsa chisoni n'chakuti, zizindikirozi zimakula pakapita nthawi.
Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya matenda a Canavan ndi iti?
Tikhoza kuona matenda a Canavan m'mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu. Ndiko kuti, amagawidwa malinga ndi nthawi yomwe matendawa amayambira komanso kuopsa kwake.
1. Matenda a Ana a Kanavan:
Uwu ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri , ndipo ndi woopsa kwambiri . Ana ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a Canavan ali ndi mtundu uwu. Mwatsoka, ana obadwa ndi vutoli nthawi zambiri amafa ali ana kapena ali aang'ono.
2. Matenda a Ana a Canavan:
Mtundu uwu ndi wocheperako komanso wovuta kwambiri kuposa mtundu wakale. Zizindikiro zake sizowopsa kwambiri. Chabwino kwambiri ndi chakuti mtundu uwu sukuwoneka kuti ukufupikitsa nthawi ya moyo wa munthu.
Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a Canavan?
Ndipotu, matenda a Canavan amatha kukhudza aliyense . Ndi matenda a majini. Komabe, amapezeka kwambiri m'mitundu ina. Makamaka, amapezeka kwambiri mwa Ayuda a ku Ashkenazi, omwe amachokera kumadera monga kum'mawa kwa Poland, Lithuania, ndi kumadzulo kwa Russia. Pakati pawo, akuti mwana m'modzi mwa ana 6,400 mpaka 13,500 obadwa amakhudzidwa ndi matendawa.
Koma chofunika kwambiri kukumbukira ndi chakuti popeza uwu ndi matenda a majini, ngati makolo onse awiri ali ndi jini yomwe imayambitsa matendawa, mwana wa fuko lililonse, dziko lililonse, akhoza kudwala matendawa.
N’chifukwa chiyani matenda a Canavan amachitika? Kodi chifukwa chake n’chiyani?
Mwachidule, matenda a Canavan ndi matenda obadwa nawo . Ndiko kuti, amabadwa kuchokera kwa makolo kupita kwa ana.
Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndi kusintha kwa majini athu. Jini iyi imapanga enzyme yotchedwa aspartoacylase (ASPA) . Taganizirani za enzyme iyi ya ASPA ngati wantchito wapadera muubongo wathu. Ntchito yake ndikuphwanya mankhwala otchedwa N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) . Mankhwalawa amapezeka muubongo.
Tsopano, mwa munthu amene ali ndi matenda a Canavan, thupi silipanga enzyme yokwanira ya `ASPA` iyi. Nanga chimachitika n’chiyani? Mankhwala a `NAA` amenewo amayamba kusonkhana mu minofu ya ubongo. Zili ngati zinyalala zochokera ku fakitale. `NAA` ikasonkhana motere, imawononga mafuta otchedwa `myelin` omwe ali ngati chophimba choteteza mitsempha mu ubongo wathu ndi msana. Myelin iyi ili ngati chidebe cha pulasitiki chozungulira waya wamagetsi, imathandiza mauthenga a mitsempha kuyenda bwino, ndipo imadyetsa mitsempha.
Choncho, pamene myelin iyi yawonongeka, pakapita nthawi ubongo umakhala ngati siponji ndipo umasungunuka . Izi zikutanthauza kuti, pali malo ambiri ang'onoang'ono mkati mwa ubongo omwe amadzazidwa ndi madzi. Ndipo ubongo sungathe kutumiza kapena kulandira mauthenga a mitsempha moyenera. Kodi mukumvetsa momwe izi zimachitikira?
Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a Canavan ndi ziti? Kodi matendawa amapezeka bwanji?
Matenda a Canavan a ana aang'ono nthawi zambiri amayamba kusonyeza zizindikiro pakati pa miyezi itatu ndi isanu ndi umodzi . Zizindikirozi sizimawonekera mwadzidzidzi, koma pang'onopang'ono. Monga makolo, muyenera kudziwa izi.
Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimawonekera ndi izi:
- Kusakhazikika kwa minofu: Izi zikutanthauza kuti nthawi zina thupi la mwana limakhala lomasuka kwambiri kapena lolimba kwambiri . Makamaka, mphamvu ya minofu imachepa. Nthawi zina, mwana angamve ngati "nsalu yong'ambika" mukamunyamula.
- Mutu waukulu kwambiri (macrocephaly): Mutu wa mwana umakhala waukulu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi msinkhu wake. Komanso, mwana amavutika kulamulira mutu wake bwino. Amalephera kugwira khosi lake bwino.
- Kuchedwa kukula: Ichi ndi chizindikiro choyamba chomwe makolo ambiri amazindikira. Mwina sangathe kuchita zinthu zomwe ana ena amachita, monga kugubuduzika, kukhala pansi, kukwawa, kuyenda, ndi kulankhula.Ana awa angachite zinthu mochedwa kwambiri, kapena sangachite zinthu zina nkomwe. Mwachitsanzo, pamene ana ena amayesa kukhala tsonga akafika miyezi 6-7, ana awa sangakwanitse kuchita zimenezo.
- Kuvuta kudya ndi kumeza: Mwana akhoza kukhala ndi vuto la kumwa mkaka ndi kumeza chakudya. Angamve ngati akutsamwitsidwa nthawi zonse.
- Kusowa luso loyendetsa thupi: Kutha kulamulira mayendedwe a thupi kumachepa. Makamaka, kulephera kulamulira miyendo moyenera. Izi nthawi zina zimatchedwa "kulephera kuyenda," zomwe zikutanthauza kuti thupi limakhala lofooka.
- Khalidwe losachitapo kanthu: Mwana amakhala chete kwambiri. Ngakhale mutamupatsa chidole, sachifuna. Sasonyeza kukhudzidwa kapena chidwi . Samwetulira pang'ono, salira pang'ono, kapena samakhalabe chimodzimodzi.
Ana ambiri omwe ali ndi zizindikirozi amakula msanga . Pofika zaka 10, mavuto omwe angawononge moyo amatha kuyamba. Kuphatikiza apo, mavuto ena amatha kuchitika chifukwa cha vutoli.
- Kutaya kumva
- Kulemala kwa nzeru
- Kupweteka kwa minofu
- Mavuto omeza amawonjezeka
- Kutaya masomphenya
Komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Canavan achichepere omwe atchulidwa kale, omwe amawonekera ali aang'ono, sasonyeza zizindikiro zoopsa kwambiri. Angakhalenso ndi kuchedwa pang'ono kukula. Angakhale ndi vuto lolankhula, kapena akhoza kukhala kumbuyo pang'ono kwa ana ena pantchito ya kusukulu. Komabe, zizindikiro sizili zoopsa kwambiri.
Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati muli ndi matenda a Canavan?
Ngati dokotala wanu akukayikira kuti ali ndi matenda a Canavan kutengera zizindikiro za mwana wanu, akhoza kuchita mayeso angapo kuti atsimikizire.
- Mayeso a magazi kapena mkodzo: Mayesowa amatha kuyeza kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe atchulidwa kale a `NAA` (N-acetyl-aspartate) kapena enzyme ya `ASPA` (aspartoacylase). Amathanso kuzindikira ngati kusintha kwa majini komwe kumayambitsa matendawa kulipo.
- Kuyesa maselo a khungu (ma fibroblast okonzedwa): Nthawi zina, mtundu wapadera wa selo (wotchedwa ma fibroblast okonzedwa) wotengedwa pakhungu la mwana umakulitsidwa mu labotale ndikuyesedwa kuti awone ngati enzyme ya ASPA ilibe.
Chodabwitsa n'chakuti n'zotheka kuzindikira kupezeka kwa matenda a Canavan mwana asanabadwe .
- Amniocentesis: Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga chitsanzo cha madzi (amniotic fluid) omwe amazungulira mwana panthawi ya mimba ndikuyesa kuchuluka kwa NAA. Mayesowa nthawi zambiri amachitidwa ndi inu.Pakati pa masabata 15 ndi 20 a mimba.
- Kuyezetsa magazi kwa Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS): Kuyezetsa kumeneku kumapezeka kwa makolo omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a Canavan kapena omwe akudziwa kuti wina m'banja mwawo ali ndi kusintha kwa majini. Mu kuyezetsa kumeneku, chitsanzo cha minofu kuchokera ku placenta ya mwana chimatengedwa ndikuyesedwa kusintha kwa majini. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika pakati pa milungu 10 ndi 12 ya mimba.
Mukhoza kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za mayesowa kuti mudziwe zambiri.
Kodi pali mankhwala a matenda a Canavan?
Ndipotu, palibe mankhwala a matenda a Canavan pakadali pano . Ichi ndi gawo lomvetsa chisoni kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, cholinga chachikulu cha chithandizo chamakono ndikuletsa zizindikiro ndikusunga mwana kukhala womasuka kwa nthawi yayitali momwe angathere.
Njira zochiritsira zomwe zilipo pano zitha kuphatikizapo:
- Machubu odyetsera: Machubu amenewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka zakudya ndi madzi ofunikira pamene mwana akuvutika kumeza chakudya. Izi zimapatsa mwana mphamvu zomwe amafunikira.
- Mankhwala Oletsa Kugwidwa ndi Khunyu: Ana ena akhoza kukhala ndi khunyu. Zikatero, madokotala amawapatsa mankhwala oletsa khunyu.
- Kuchiza thupi: Izi zimathandiza kukonza kaimidwe ka mwana, kulimbitsa minofu, komanso kukulitsa luso lolankhulana.
Komanso, kuyezetsa majini ndi uphungu wa majini n'kofunika kwambiri kwa banja lonse. Kudzera mu izi, ngati mwana wina wabadwa mtsogolo, zidzakhala zotheka kumvetsetsa chiopsezo cha mwanayo kutenga matendawa.
Kodi tsogolo la mwana amene ali ndi matenda a Canavan lidzakhala lotani?
Ponena za tsogolo la munthu amene ali ndi matenda a Canavan, zimatengera mtundu wa matendawo. Ndiko kuti, kaya ndi mtundu wa ana aang'ono kapena wa ana aang'ono.
- Ana omwe ali ndi matenda a Canavan aang'ono nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi moyo mpaka atakwanitsa zaka 10. Ana ena amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka zawo zaunyamata kapena kupitirira zaka makumi awiri.
- Komabe, nthawi yoyembekezera moyo wa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Canavan osakhwima komanso achichepere nthawi zambiri imakhala yachibadwa.
Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti asayansi apeza jini yomwe imayambitsa matenda a Canavan. Kuphatikiza apo, maphunziro ambiri akuchitika kuti apeze mankhwala a matendawa. Ena mwa iwo ndi awa:
- Chithandizo cha majini: Izi zimayesa kukonza jini yolakwika.
- Enzyme yopangidwa ndi ASPA: Enzyme iyi yapangidwa kuti ilowe m'magazi.
- Chithandizo cha maselo oyambira:Ichinso ndi chiyembekezo chatsopano.
Ngati kafukufukuyu apambana, odwala khansa adzakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi moyo wabwino mtsogolo.
Kodi matenda a Canavan angapewedwe?
Ndipotu, matenda a Canavan sangapewedwe chifukwa ndi matenda a majini. Komabe, mabanja amatha kupeza mayeso a DNA kuti adziwe ngati ali ndi kusintha kwa majini komwe kumayambitsa matendawa. Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti pokhapokha ngati makolo onse awiri ali ndi kusintha kwa majini, mwana wawo adzakhala ndi matendawa.
Choncho, kupeza mayeso ngati amenewa kumawathandiza kupanga zisankho zolondola asanakhale ndi ana.
Funsani dokotala za zinthu izi.
Mukazindikira kuti mwana wanu ali ndi matenda a Canavan, ndi zachilendo kukhala ndi mafunso ambiri m'maganizo mwanu. Ndikofunikira kufunsa dokotala wanu za zinthu monga:
- "Dokotala, kodi mwana wanga adzakhala ndi zilema zotani? Ndiyenera kuziyembekezera liti?"
- "Dokotala, mungandiuze chiyani za moyo wa mwana wanga?" (Ngakhale funso ili ndi lovuta kufunsa, kungakhale kofunikira kudziwa.)
- "Ndingatani kuti mwana wanga akhale womasuka komanso wotetezeka?"
- "Ndi akatswiri amtundu wanji omwe mwana wanga ayenera kuwaona? Kodi ayenera kuwaona kangati?"
- "Kodi ndi lingaliro labwino kuti banja lathu lonse lipite kukayezetsa majini?"
Kuwonjezera pa mafunso awa, musazengereze kufunsa dokotala chilichonse chomwe muli nacho, ngakhale chitakhala chaching'ono bwanji.
Kodi inu monga makolo mumachita bwanji ngati mwana wanu ali ndi matenda a Canavan?
Mukakumana ndi vuto ngati ili, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti simuli nokha. Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zingakuthandizeni:
- Uphungu / Chithandizo cha Kulankhulana: Kulankhula ndi munthu amene mungamuuze zakukhosi kwanu, monga chisoni ndi mantha, kungakhale mpumulo waukulu.
- Magulu Othandizira: Kulankhula ndi makolo ena omwe adakumana ndi zinthu zomwezo ngati inu kungakuthandizeni kwambiri. Kumakupatsa mphamvu kuti "sitili tokha omwe tikukumana ndi izi."
- Lowani m'mabungwe omwe amathandiza odwala ndi kafukufuku: Mabungwe awa amakupatsani chidziwitso, chitsogozo, komanso mwayi wolumikizana ndi ena.
Kumbukirani kuti thanzi lanu la maganizo ndilofunika kwambiri. Ngati muli ndi mphamvu, mudzatha kusamalira bwino mwana wanu.
Pomaliza, zinthu zofunika kwambiri kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)
Matenda a Canavan ndi matenda osowa komanso oopsa omwe amakhudza ubongo. Ndizachibadwa kumva chisoni mukamva izi. Koma simuli nokha.. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za chisamaliro ndi chithandizo chomwe mwana wanu akufunikira. Mufunseninso ngati kuyezetsa DNA kuli koyenera kwa banja lanu.
Ngakhale kuti matendawa nthawi zambiri amakhala oopsa komanso oopsa, ndi chiyembekezo chochepa kuti asayansi akupitiliza kufufuza njira zatsopano zochiritsira matenda. Musataye mtima. Tikukufunirani inu ndi mwana wanu mphamvu zomwe akufunikira.
Matenda a Canavan , Matenda a Majini, Matenda a Ubongo, Matenda a Ana, Matenda a Mitsempha, Kuchedwa kwa Kukula, ASPA, NAA, Myelin, Kuyesa Majini











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