Tangoganizirani, mwana wanu wakhala akudwala chimfine pang'ono kwa masiku awiri kapena atatu ndipo tsopano akumva bwino pang'ono. Koma mwadzidzidzi, limodzi ndi malungo, khalidwe la mwanayo limasintha, amavutika kuyenda , ndipo mawu ake amamveka osamveka akamalankhula. Ndizachilendo kuti mayi kapena bambo aliyense achite mantha akaona chinthu chonga ichi. ADEM, yomwe ndi matenda osowa koma oopsa omwe angayambitse zizindikiro ngati izi, ndi zomwe tikulankhula lero.
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Kodi ADEM ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Mwachidule, ADEM (Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis) ndi matenda otupa omwe amakhudza ubongo ndi msana. Mu Chisinhala, amatha kutchedwa acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, koma popeza mawu amenewo ndi ovuta pang'ono, tigwiritsa ntchito dzina lakuti ADEM. Matendawa amapezeka kwambiri pakati pa ana.
Mitsempha yathu ili ngati mawaya amagetsi. Ulusi wa mitsempha uwu uli ndi chophimba choteteza kuzungulira. Timatcha myelin iyi. Ili ngati chivundikiro cha pulasitiki pa waya wamagetsi . Chivundikiro cha myelin ichi ndi chomwe chimalola mauthenga a mitsempha kuyenda mwachangu komanso molondola. Mu ADEM, chitetezo cha mthupi lathu chimaukira ndikuwononga chivundikiro cha myelin ichi molakwika. Izi zimasokoneza kutumiza mauthenga a mitsempha muubongo ndi msana.
Ngakhale zizindikiro zake zingakhale zoopsa, chinthu chabwino kwambiri ndichakuti pali chithandizo cha matendawa ndipo anthu ambiri amachira mokwanira .
Kodi zizindikiro za ADEM ndi ziti?
Zizindikiro za ADEM zimatha kubwera mwadzidzidzi ndikuipiraipira mwachangu. Mwana akhoza kukumana ndi chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa zizindikirozi.
Chofunika: Ngati mwana wanu mwadzidzidzi ayamba kukhala ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zotsatirazi, makamaka ngati agwidwa ndi khunyu kapena chikomokere, pitani naye ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Anthu Odwala Mwadzidzidzi (ETU) kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo.
| Gulu la zizindikiro | Zinthu zoti muwone |
|---|---|
| Zinthu zodziwika bwino | Malungo, mutu, kugona kwambiri. |
| Kusintha kwa khalidwe | Kukwiya popanda chifukwa, kumva kukwiya, kusokonezeka. |
| Kusasangalala mwakuthupi | Kusanza ndi kusanza, kufooka kwa minofu, kulephera kuyenda bwino. |
| Makhalidwe okhudzana ndi dongosolo lamanjenje | Mavuto a maso (kuona kawiri, kusawona bwino), kulankhula movutikira, dzanzi kapena kufooka mbali imodzi ya thupi. |
| Milandu yoopsa | Kukomoka, chikomokere. |
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Madokotala amakhulupirira kuti ADEM ndi matenda omwe amayambitsa chitetezo chamthupi . Izi zikutanthauza kuti chitetezo chamthupi lathu chimaukira maselo ndi minofu yathu yathanzi molakwika. Zili ngati gulu lathu lankhondo likuukira dziko lathu.
Chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli sichikudziwikabe, koma nthawi zambiri chimachitika mwana akachira matenda ofala a kachilombo, monga chimfine, chimfine, kapena kupweteka m'mimba .
Kawirikawiri, ADEM imanenedwa pambuyo polandira katemera. Komabe, kafukufuku sanatsimikizirebe kuti pali kugwirizana pakati pa katemera ndi ADEM. Nthawi zina, zizindikirozi zimatha kuchitika popanda chifukwa chomveka.
Kodi zinthu zoopsa ndi ziti?
- Zaka: Odwala a ADEM oposa 80% ndi ana osakwana zaka 10. Ena onse ndi ana okulirapo.
- Jenda: Ana aamuna ali ndi mwayi wochuluka wopeza matendawa kuposa ana aakazi.
- Nyengo: M'mayiko ena, matendawa amapezeka kwambiri nthawi yachisanu ndi masika.
Kodi kusiyana pakati pa ADEM ndi MS (Multiple Sclerosis) ndi kotani?
Matenda ena omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi za ADEM ndiMatenda a Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Matenda onsewa amawononga sheath ya myelin. Zotsatira zake, zizindikiro monga kufooka kwa minofu, dzanzi, ndi mavuto a masomphenya zimatha kuwoneka pa zonsezi. Koma pali kusiyana koonekeratu pakati pa ziwirizi.
| Factor | Mkhalidwe wa ADEM | Matenda a MS (Multiple Sclerosis) |
|---|---|---|
| Zaka zofala kwambiri | Chofala pakati pa ana. | Chosowa kwambiri mwa ana. Chofala kwambiri kwa akuluakulu. |
| Makhalidwe oyambirira | Zizindikiro monga kutentha thupi, mutu, khunyu, ndi kuiwala zinthu n’zofala. | Zinthu zimenezi sizimaoneka kawirikawiri. |
| Mkhalidwe wa matenda asanafike | Kawirikawiri zimachitika pambuyo pa matenda opatsirana ndi kachilombo. | Palibe mgwirizano womveka bwino wotere. |
| Kubwerezabwereza kwa matendawa | Nthawi zambiri (pafupifupi 80%) zimachitika kamodzi kokha . | Zizindikiro zimawonekera nthawi ndi nthawi. |
Kodi ADEM imapezedwa bwanji?
Palibe mayeso amodzi oti azindikire ADEM. Dokotala wanu adzayang'ana mosamala zizindikiro zanu ndikuyesera kuchotsa matenda ena omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana. Mayeso awiri akuluakulu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita izi.
1. Kujambula kwa MRI:Kuyesa komwe kumagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamaginito ndi mafunde a wailesi kuti apange zithunzi zatsatanetsatane za ubongo ndi msana. Kuwonongeka kwa ubongo komwe kumawoneka mu ADEM ndi kosiyana ndi kuwonongeka komwe kumawoneka mu MS. Mu ADEM, kuwonongekako kungakhale kofala kwambiri.
2. Kuboola Lumbar: Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito singano yaying'ono kwambiri kuti mutenge madzi ochepa a m'mitsempha kuchokera ku msana ndikuyesa. Mu ADEM, madziwo akhoza kukhala ndi maselo oyera ambiri amagazi. Mapuloteni ena omwe amapezeka mu MS sapezeka mu ADEM.
Mayeso amenewa angathandizenso kuchotsa matenda a muubongo monga meningitis.
Kodi mankhwala a ADEM ndi ati?
Cholinga chachikulu cha chithandizo ndikuwongolera mwachangu kutupa muubongo ndi msana ndikuletsa kuukira kolakwika kwa chitetezo cha mthupi. Izi zimafuna kuti mwanayo agonekedwe kuchipatala kwa sabata imodzi kapena ziwiri.
- Corticosteroids: Anthu ambiri amayamba kulandira mankhwala a steroid omwe amaperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha (IV). Izi zingathandize mwana wanu kumva bwino patatha maola ochepa. Patatha masiku angapo, mankhwalawa amachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono kukhala piritsi kapena madzi kwa milungu ingapo.
- Mankhwala ena: Ngati mankhwala a steroid sali oyenera kwa mwana kapena sagwira ntchito, pali mankhwala ena omwe amatonthoza chitetezo cha mthupi.
- Plasmapheresis: Mu izi, makina amatenga magazi a mwana, kusefa ma antibodies oopsa, ndikubwezera magazi oyeretsedwawo m'thupi.
- Immunoglobulin Yolowetsedwa M'mitsempha (IVIG): Ma antibodies omwe amapezeka kwa anthu athanzi amaperekedwa kwa mwana kudzera mu mtsempha, womwe umalamulira momwe chitetezo cha mthupi cha mwana chimagwira ntchito.
Mwanayo akatuluka kuchipatala, angafunike chithandizo cha thupi, chithandizo cha ntchito, kapena chithandizo cha kulankhula.
Kodi chiyembekezo chili bwanji?
Ichi ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Ana ambiri omwe ali ndi ADEM amachira kwathunthu. Komabe, njira yochira iyi ikhoza kukhala yochedwa. Zingatenge milungu 4-6 kapena chaka chimodzi kuti achire mokwanira.
Nthawi zina, ana sangachiritsidwe ndi zizindikiro zonse. Angapitirize kukhala ndi zinthu monga mavuto a maso kapena kufooka kwa minofu. Kuphunzira kungakhudzidwenso.
Nthawi zambiri (nthawi 8 mwa 10) ADEM imachitika kamodzi kokha. Koma nthawi zina, imatha kuchitikanso mkati mwa miyezi ingapo. Nthawi zina, mwana yemwe ali ndi ADEM amatha kudwala MS pambuyo pake. Nthawi zosakwana 2%, ADEM imatha kupha. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala zizindikiro zikayamba kuwonekera.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- ADEM ndi matenda oopsa koma ochiritsika omwe amakhudza ubongo ndi msana wa ana.
- Ngati mukuona zizindikiro monga kutentha thupi, kusintha kwa khalidwe, komanso kuyenda movutikira, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatsatiridwa ndi kutentha thupi kofala, onani dokotala mwamsanga.
- Izi ndi zosiyana ndi MS (Multiple Sclerosis), pomwe ADEM nthawi zambiri imachitika kamodzi kokha.
- Ndi chithandizo choyenera, ana ambiri amatha kuchira mokwanira, koma kuchira kungatenge nthawi.
- Ngati muwona zizindikiro zoopsa monga khunyu kapena kutaya chidziwitso, pitani naye mwanayo ku Chipatala cha Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU).
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