Tonse tamvapo za sitiroko, sichoncho? Tikudziwa kuti ndi yoopsa bwanji. Koma mungadabwe kudziwa kuti chifukwa chachikulu cha izi chili m'khosi mwathu. Inde, mitsempha iwiri ikuluikulu yamagazi mbali zonse ziwiri za khosi lathu yomwe imanyamula magazi kupita ku ubongo yatsekedwa, zomwe zingayambitse vutoli loopsa. Lero tikulankhula za vuto lotchedwa `Carotid Artery Stenosis`, lomwe ndi kuchepa kwa mitsempha yamagazi m'khosi.
Mwachidule, kodi matenda a mitsempha ya carotid ndi chiyani?
Taganizirani mitsempha yamagazi m'thupi mwathu ngati chitoliro cha madzi oyera. Magazi amadutsamo popanda kutsekeka. Kumbali zonse ziwiri za khosi lathu kuli mitsempha iwiri yofunika kwambiri yotchedwa Carotid Arteries . Iyi ndi yomwe imapatsa ubongo wathu, nkhope, ndi mutu magazi okhala ndi mpweya wambiri.
Tsopano, mu vuto lotchedwa `Carotid Artery Stenosis`, mafuta amayamba kusonkhana mkati mwa mitsempha yamagazi iyi. `Chikhomo` ichi ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zamafuta monga cholesterol. Monga momwe dzimbiri limakhalira mkati mwa chitoliro chamadzi, `chikhomo` ichi chimachepetsa pang'onopang'ono malo mkati mwa mitsempha yamagazi. Kuchepa kwa mitsempha yamagazi kumeneku ndiko komwe timatcha atherosclerosis .
Pamene mtsempha wamagazi watsekeka motere, kuchuluka kwa magazi opita ku ubongo kumachepa. Komanso, nthawi zina zidutswa zazing'ono za mafutawo zimatha kusweka ndikutseka kwathunthu mtsempha wofewa wamagazi muubongo. Pamenepo ndi pomwe vuto loopsa lotchedwa sitiroko limachitika. Izi zitha kuchitika m'mitsempha imodzi kapena yonse iwiri yamagazi mbali imodzi ya khosi. Ngati silinalandire chithandizo, vutoli likhoza kuipiraipira pakapita nthawi ndipo likhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo cha moyo.
Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa izi?
Vutoli silimachitika mwadzidzidzi. Limayamba chifukwa cha zizolowezi ndi mavuto ena m'moyo wathu komanso thanzi lathu pakapita nthawi. Zina mwa zinthuzi tingathe kusintha. Onani ngati zinthuzi zikukukhudzaninso.
| Zoopsa | Mmene zimakhudzira nkhaniyi n'zosavuta. |
|---|---|
| Kusuta fodya ndi kugwiritsa ntchito fodya | Izi zimawononga makoma amkati mwa mitsempha yamagazi ndikufulumizitsa kuyika kwa mafuta (plaque). |
| Kunenepa kwambiri | Kunenepa kwambiri kumawonjezeranso zinthu zina zoopsa monga kuthamanga kwa magazi, cholesterol, ndi matenda a shuga. |
| Kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi (Moyo Wongokhala) | Thupi likapanda kugwira ntchito, kuyenda kwa magazi kumatha kufooka ndipo kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi kumatha kukwera. |
| Kuthamanga kwa magazi (BP) | Kuthamanga kwa magazi kukakwera, mitsempha yamagazi imawonongeka ndipo njira yosungira mafuta imafulumira. |
| Cholesterol yambiri | Cholesterol yoipa iyi ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimapangitsa kuti mafuta azikhala m'thupi. |
| Matenda a shuga | Shuga ikachuluka m'magazi, mitsempha yamagazi imawonongeka ndipo atherosclerosis imakula kwambiri. |
| Kukalamba | Pamene mitsempha yamagazi ikusintha pang'ono pamene tikukalamba, chiopsezo chotenga vutoli chimawonjezeka mwachibadwa. |
Kodi zizindikiro za matendawa ndi ziti?
Vuto lalikulu apa ndilakuti kutsekeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi kumeneku sikungayambitse zizindikiro zilizonse mpaka kungayambitse sitiroko kapena kuukira kwa ischemic kwa nthawi yochepa (TIA) .
TIA ndi kusokonekera kwakanthawi kwa magazi kupita ku ubongo, komwe kumabwezeretsedwa pakapita nthawi yochepa. Ichi chiyenera kuonedwa ngati chizindikiro chachikulu cha chenjezo musanakumane ndi sitiroko yayikulu.
Ngati muli ndi TIA kapena sitiroko, maselo a muubongo amayamba kufa, kotero kupeza chithandizo mwamsanga kungakhale kusiyana pakati pa moyo ndi imfa.
Zizindikiro za sitiroko kapena TIA
Ngati inu kapena wina akuwona zizindikiro izi,Pitani ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Anthu Odwala Mwadzidzidzi (ETU) ya chipatala nthawi yomweyo. Nthawi ndi yofunika kwambiri.
- Kuwerama kwa nkhope mbali imodzi: Mbali imodzi ya pakamwa imaoneka ngati yawerama. Akapemphedwa kuti amwetulire, mbali imodzi yokha imaoneka ngati ikumwetulira.
- Kuvuta kulankhula: Kusalankhula bwino, kusatha kunena zomwe mukufuna kunena, kapena kuvutika kumvetsa zomwe wina akunena.
- Kutaya masomphenya m'diso limodzi: Zingamveke ngati nsalu yakuda ikugwa patsogolo pa diso limodzi.
- Kusamva bwino mbali imodzi ya thupi: Kutaya kumva mbali imodzi ya mkono, mwendo, kapena nkhope.
- Kufooka mbali imodzi ya thupi: kulephera kukweza mkono kapena mwendo mbali imodzi, kutaya chidziwitso.
Kodi dokotala amapeza bwanji izi?
Matendawa nthawi zambiri amapezeka mutakhala ndi zizindikiro za kufooka kwa thupi. Kapena, dokotala wanu akamakuyang'anani ndikuyika stethoscope pakhosi panu, angamve phokoso lachilendo la "kufuula" (bruit) lomwe limamveka ngati magazi akutuluka m'mitsempha yamagazi yotsekedwa.
Mayeso angapo amachitika kuti atsimikizire matendawa ndikupeza momwe mtsempha wamagazi watsekekera komanso komwe watsekeka.
- Ultrasound: Iyi ndi njira yoyesera yopanda ululu yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mafunde a mawu kujambula zithunzi za mkati mwa thupi. Imatha kuwona bwino momwe magazi amayendera kudzera m'mitsempha yamagazi komanso komwe kuli zotsekeka.
- Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA): Iyi ndi njira yapadera yojambulira CT yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito X-ray. Imajambula zithunzi zomveka bwino za mitsempha yanu yamagazi poikamo utoto wapadera.
- Cerebral Angiography: Izi zimaphatikizapo kulowetsa chubu choonda kwambiri (catheter) kudzera mu mtsempha wamagazi kuti muwone kutsekeka kwake. Utoto umabayidwanso kuti ujambule zithunzi za mtsempha wamagazi mwatsatanetsatane.
- Kujambula kwa MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiography - MRA): Izi zikufanana ndi kujambula kwa CTA, koma kumagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamphamvu ya maginito m'malo mwa X-ray kuti mupeze zithunzi zatsatanetsatane za mitsempha yamagazi.
Pambuyo pa mayeso awa, dokotala wanu adzadziwa kuchuluka kwa mtsempha wanu wamagazi womwe watsekedwa. Nthawi zambiri umagawidwa m'magulu ocheperako (osakwana 50%), apakati (pakati pa 50% ndi 79%), ndi oopsa (oposa 80%) .
Kodi chimachiritsidwa bwanji?
Cholinga chachikulu cha chithandizo ndikuletsa matendawa kuti asakule kwambiri ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha ziwalo.
1. Kusintha kwa moyo ndi mankhwala
Iyi ndi sitepe yoyamba komanso yofunika kwambiri.
- Kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi: Kuzolowera zakudya zopanda mafuta, mchere, ndi shuga wambiri.
- Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi: Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku ndi tsiku.
- Kusiya kusuta: Ichi ndi chinthu chomwe muyenera kuchita.
- Mankhwala:Dokotala wanu angakulembereni mankhwala monga aspirin kuti achepetse magazi kuundana, komanso mankhwala ochepetsa cholesterol ndi mankhwala othamanga magazi .
2. Opaleshoni ndi njira zina
Ngati matendawa ndi aakulu, kapena ngati mwakhala kale ndi TIA kapena sitiroko, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni opaleshoni.
- Kuchotsa Carotid Endarterectomy: Mu njira imeneyi, dokotala wa opaleshoni amadula pang'ono khosi, amatsegula mtsempha wamagazi, ndikuchotsa mafuta otsekeka (plaque).
- Kuthira stenting: Mu njira iyi, chipangizo chachikulu chonga singano chimayikidwa mu mtsempha wamagazi ndipo chubu chaching'ono chonga mesh (stent) chimayikidwa pamalo otsekedwa kuti chikulitse mtsempha wamagazi. Izi zimachotsa choletsa kuyenda kwa magazi.
Chofunika ndichakuti si aliyense amene amafunika opaleshoni. Kaya mukufunikira opaleshoni kapena ayi, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, mtundu wa opaleshoni yoyenera, umatsimikiziridwa ndi dokotala wanu, yemwe adzayesa zoopsa za matenda anu poyerekeza ndi zoopsa za opaleshoni.
Izi zitha kukhala zoopsa kwambiri ngati sizikuchiritsidwa. Komabe, ngati matendawa apezeka msanga ndikuchiritsidwa moyenera, zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino kwambiri. Anthu ambiri amachira msanga atachitidwa opaleshoni, ndipo amakhala m'chipatala kwa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Carotid Artery Stenosis ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe mtsempha waukulu wamagazi m'khosi umatsekedwa ndi mafuta ambiri.
- Choopsa chachikulu cha izi ndichakuti chingayambitse sitiroko yadzidzidzi popanda zizindikiro zilizonse.
- Ngati muwona zizindikiro zilizonse za kufooka kwa thupi, monga kufooka kwa nkhope, kulankhula movutikira, kapena kutaya kumverera mbali imodzi ya thupi , pitani ku chipatala cha Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) nthawi yomweyo.
- Matendawa amatha kupewedwa ndi kuthetsedwa mwa kusintha moyo monga kupewa kusuta fodya, kudya zakudya zabwino, komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
- Ngati muli ndi matenda monga kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda a shuga, kapena cholesterol, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi zonse ndikutsatira malangizo omwe mwapatsidwa.
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