Azimayi athu ambiri amachita mantha akamva dzina lakuti Khansa ya Pakhosi. Koma ngati mukudziwadi izi, palibe chifukwa choopera. Chifukwa uwu ndi mtundu wa khansa womwe ungapewedwe nthawi zambiri, ndipo ukhozanso kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu ngati wapezeka msanga. Chifukwa chake lero tikambirana izi mu Chisinhala chosavuta chomwe mungamvetse, popanda kubisa chilichonse. Monga momwe mumalankhulira ndi mnzanu wapamtima.
Mwachidule, kodi khansa ya pachibelekero ndi chiyani?
Khansa ya pachibelekero ndi khansa yomwe imayamba m'maselo omwe ali mkati mwa chiberekero, gawo la chiberekero chanu lomwe limalumikizana ndi nyini yanu. Sizimakula nthawi imodzi. Imayamba pamene maselo athanzi m'chiberekero chanu amasintha pang'onopang'ono ndikukhala maselo osazolowereka (maselo omwe angayambitse khansa) omwe amatha kukhala khansa.
Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndi kachilombo kotchedwa HPV (Human Papillomavirus) . Ndipotu, pafupifupi 100 peresenti ya milandu ya khansa ya pachibelekero imayamba chifukwa cha matenda a HPV. Kachiromboka kamafalikira pogonana. Koma musachite mantha mukamva izi. HPV ndi kachilombo kofala kwambiri. Anthu ambiri ogonana amakhala ndi kachilomboka nthawi ina m'miyoyo yawo. Koma nthawi zambiri, chitetezo cha mthupi lathu chimachotsa kachilomboka. Komabe, nthawi zina kachilomboka kamatha kupitirira popanda kuchotsedwa m'thupi. Ngati zimenezo zitachitika, pali chiopsezo chakuti maselo omwe ali pachibelekeropo asintha n'kukhala khansa.
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti kupeza mayeso monga Pap smears pa nthawi yake komanso kulandira katemera wa HPV kungachepetse kwambiri chiopsezochi.
Nthawi zambiri, khansa iyi siionetsa zizindikiro zazikulu mpaka itafalikira. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuyezetsa magazi nthawi zonse ndi katemera wa HPV ndikofunikira kwambiri. Ngati yapezeka msanga, imatha kuchiritsidwa kwambiri.
Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya khansa ya pachibelekero ndi iti?
Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya khansa ya pachibelekero.
1. Khansa ya squamous cell: Mtundu uwu umakhala pakati pa 80% ndi 90% ya khansa ya pachibelekero.
2. Adenocarcinomas: Mtundu uwu wa khansa umakhala pakati pa 10% ndi 20%.
Nthawi zina, khansa imatha kuchitika chifukwa cha mitundu yonse iwiri. Ngati mukuvutika kukumbukira mayina awa, palibe vuto. Izi ndizofunikira kwa madokotala. Chofunika kwambiri chomwe muyenera kudziwa ndi zizindikiro zake komanso momwe mungapewere.
Ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe muyenera kusamala nazo?
Monga tanenera kale, kumayambiriro kwa khansa ya pachibelekeroKawirikawiri sichisonyeza zizindikiro zilizonse. Ichi ndichifukwa chake imatchedwanso khansa yobisika. Zizindikiro zimayamba kuonekera khansa ikakula pang'ono.
Muyenera kuda nkhawa pang'ono ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi. Ngati muli ndi chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa izi, chonde musachite mantha ndipo pitani kwa dokotala wanu kuti akupatseni upangiri.
| Mtundu wa chizindikiro | Kufotokozera |
|---|---|
| Zizindikiro zoyambirira |
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| Zizindikiro zomwe zingachitike khansa ikafalikira |
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Kumbukirani, si aliyense amene ali ndi zizindikirozi amene ali ndi khansa ya pachibelekero. Zingathenso kuyambitsidwa ndi mavuto ena athanzi. Komabe, ngati mukumva kutuluka magazi kosazolowereka kapena kutuluka magazi m'mimba mwanu, muyenera kuonana ndi dokotala.
Ndani amene ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya pachibelekero?
Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zingakhudze kukula kwa khansa ya pachibelekero. Zina mwa izo tingathe kuziletsa, ndipo zina sitingathe.
Zinthu zoopsa zomwe tingathe kuzilamulira
- Kusayesedwa pa nthawi yake: Anthu omwe salandira mayeso a Pap nthawi yomwe yakonzedwa ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa ya pachibelekero chifukwa mayeso a Pap amatha kuzindikira maselo omwe asanafike khansa asanakhale khansa.
- Matenda a HPV: Monga tafotokozera kale, matenda a HPV ndiye chifukwa chachikulu. Kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a HPV kungathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya pachibelekero.
- Moyo Wogonana: Kugonana usanakwanitse zaka 18 komanso kukhala ndi zibwenzi zambiri zogonana kumawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HPV.
- Kusuta: Kusuta fodya kumawonjezera kwambiri chiopsezo cha khansa ya pachibelekero.
- Kutenga kachilombo ka HIV: Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa ya pachibelekero kuposa anthu onse.
- Kukhala ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka: Chitetezo chamthupi chikakhala chofooka, mphamvu ya thupi yolimbana ndi matenda imachepa.
Zinthu zoopsa zomwe sitingathe kuzilamulira
- DES (diethylstilbestrol): Iyi ndi mankhwala omwe adaperekedwa kwa amayi ena oyembekezera kuti apewe kupititsa padera pakati pa 1938 ndi 1971. Ngati amayi anu adamwa mankhwalawa panthawi ya mimba, mungakhale ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa ya pachibelekero.
- Mbiri ya banja: Ngati wina m'banja mwanu (amayi, mlongo) adadwala khansa ya pachibelekero, inunso mungakhale pachiwopsezo chifukwa cha majini.
Kodi matenda amachitika bwanji?
Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi khansa ya pachibelekero, dokotala wanu adzakutumizani kuti mukayesedwe kangapo.
1. Kuyeza kwa Pap / Kupaka Pap: Iyi ndi njira yofunikira kwambiri komanso yofunikira kwambiri. Mu njira iyi, chitsanzo chaching'ono cha maselo chimatengedwa kuchokera pamwamba pa chiberekero ndikuwunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu kuti awone ngati pali maselo olakwika.
2. Kuyeza kwa HPV: Mofanana ndi kuyesa kwa Pap, mayesowa amagwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha maselo otengedwa kuchokera ku chiberekero kuti awone ngati pali mitundu ya HPV yomwe ingayambitse khansa.
3. Colposcopy: Ngati zotsatira za mayeso anu a Pap sizili bwino, iyi ndi mayeso otsatira omwe muchita. Apa, dokotala adzagwiritsa ntchito chida chokulitsa (colposcope) kuti aone chiberekero chanu. Maselo aliwonse osazolowereka amatha kuwoneka bwino.
4. Biopsy: Ngati malo okayikitsa apezeka panthawi ya colposcopy, chidutswa chaching'ono cha minofu chimachotsedwa pamalowo ndikutumizidwa ku labotale kuti akatsimikizire ngati maselo a khansa alipo. Pali njira zingapo zochitira izi:
- Kujambula chithunzi cha chilonda: Kudula chidutswa cha minofu yokayikitsa ndi chida chaching'ono.
- LEEP (Njira Yochotsera Malupu Osagwiritsa Ntchito Ma Electrosurgical): Kuchotsa minofu yosagwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito waya wamagetsi.
- Kuchotsa minofu ya chiberekero (cone biopsy): Kuchotsa minofu yaikulu yooneka ngati cornea kuchokera pachibelekero.
Ngati mayesowa atsimikizira kuti muli ndi khansa, mungafunike kuyesedwanso kwina, monga CT scan kapena MRI scan , kuti muwone ngati khansayo yafalikira mbali zina za thupi. Chidziwitsochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa siteji ya khansa ndikupeza chithandizo chabwino kwambiri kwa inu.
Kodi mankhwala a khansa ya pachibelekero ndi otani?
Chithandizo cha khansa ya pachibelekero chimadalira gawo la khansa, zaka zanu, thanzi lanu, komanso ngati mukuyembekeza kukhala ndi ana mtsogolo.
| Njira yochizira | Kufotokozera kosavuta |
|---|---|
| Opaleshoni | Poyamba, gawo la chiberekero lokhalo lomwe lili ndi maselo a khansa kapena chiberekero chonse ndi khomo lachiberekero zimachotsedwa (hysterectomy). Mtundu wa opaleshoni umasiyana malinga ndi kufalikira kwa khansa. |
| Chithandizo cha X-ray | Kuwononga maselo a khansa pogwiritsa ntchito ma radiation amphamvu kwambiri (monga ma X-ray). Izi zitha kuchitika ndi makina omwe ali kunja kwa thupi kapena poika chinthu chowopsa m'thupi. |
| Mankhwala a Chemotherapy | Mankhwala opha khansa amalowetsedwa m'thupi kapena kuperekedwa ngati mapiritsi. Mankhwalawa amayenda m'magazi ndikupha maselo a khansa kulikonse m'thupi. |
| Chithandizo Cholunjika | Izi zimaphatikizapo kupereka mankhwala omwe amakhudza mapuloteni enaake omwe amathandiza maselo a khansa kukula ndi kufalikira, popanda kuvulaza maselo athanzi. |
| Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy | Kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi lathu, zomwe zimathandiza kuti tizindikire ndikuwononga maselo a khansa. |
Nthawi zina njira imodzi kapena zingapo mwa izi zingafunike kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala a chemotherapy kapena radiation angapangidwe opaleshoni isanayambe kapena itatha. Dokotala wanu adzakufotokozerani zonsezi.
Kodi khansa ya pachibelekero ingapewedwe?
Inde! Iyi ndi nkhani yabwino kwambiri m'nkhaniyi. Khansa ya pachibelekero ndi khansa yomwe tingathe kuipewa kwambiri. Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe tingachite pankhaniyi.
- Pezani katemera wa HPV: Ichi ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Katemerayu amathandiza kuteteza ku mitundu ikuluikulu ya HPV yomwe imayambitsa khansa ya pachibelekero. Katemerayu nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa kwa atsikana ndi atsikana. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za katemerayu pa msinkhu woyenera kwa inu.
- Pezani mayeso a Pap smear pa nthawi yake: Mukayamba kugonana, tengani mayeso a Pap smear pa nthawi yomwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani. Izi zimatha kuzindikira ndi kuchiza maselo osazolowereka asanakhale khansa.
- Chitani zogonana motetezeka: Kugwiritsa ntchito makondomu ndi kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha ogonana nawo kungakuthandizeni kuteteza ku HPV ndi matenda ena opatsirana pogonana.
- Pewani kusuta: Ngati mukusuta, siyani. Osuta ali ndi mwayi wochuluka wopeza khansa ya pachibelekero kuposa osasuta.
Kodi ndi bwino bwanji kupewa khansa isanayambe kuposa kuvutika ikayamba? Choncho kutsatira njira zosavuta izi kudzakhala ndalama zazikulu zomwe mungapange m'moyo wanu.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Choyambitsa chachikulu cha khansa ya pachibelekero ndi kachilombo kotchedwa HPV. Komabe, si aliyense amene ali ndi kachilomboka amene amadwala khansa.
- Khansa iyi nthawi zambiri siimasonyeza zizindikiro zake koyambirira, kotero kuyezetsa nthawi yake ndikofunikira kwambiri.
- Ngati muli ndi kutuluka magazi kosazolowereka m'mimba, kutuluka magazi panthawi ya msambo, kapena kutuluka magazi mutagonana, musaope kupita kwa dokotala.
- Katemera wa HPV ndi mayeso a Pap smear nthawi yake ndi njira ziwiri zabwino kwambiri zopewera khansa ya pachibelekero.
- Ngati khansa ya pachibelekero yapezeka msanga, ndi matenda ochiritsika kotheratu. Chifukwa chake, m'malo mochita mantha, ndikofunikira kudziwa ndikuchitapo kanthu.
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