Mukazindikira kuti inuyo kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa ali ndi khansa, n'zachibadwa kumva mantha ndi nkhawa zambiri mukamva mawu oti 'chemo'. Mawu oti 'chemo' nthawi yomweyo amakumbutsa munthu amene akutaya tsitsi lake, akutaya thupi, komanso akuvutika. Komabe, ngati timvetsetsa bwino lomwe kuti chemotherapy ndi chiyani, mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa iyo, komanso momwe amakhudzira thupi, mantha awa akhoza kuchepetsedwa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake lero, tiyeni tikambirane za izi mwaubwenzi.
Kodi chemotherapy ndi chiyani mwachidule?
Mwachidule, chemotherapy ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri pochiza khansa. Ichi ndi chomwe timachitcha 'chemo' mwachidule. Ndi chimodzi mwa mankhwala othandiza kwambiri a khansa.
Kuti timvetse momwe izi zimagwirira ntchito, choyamba tiyenera kudziwa pang'ono za maselo m'thupi lathu. Matupi athu amapangidwa ndi mabiliyoni ambiri a maselo. Maselo athanzi amagawikana akafunika, amapanga maselo atsopano, ndipo amafa akasafunikiranso. Izi zimatchedwa kuzungulira kwa maselo. Koma maselo a khansa satero. Amagawikana ndi kuchulukana mwachangu, popanda kulamulira, ndikupanga zotupa.
Chimene chemotherapy imachita ndi kuwononga maselo a khansa omwe amagawikana mofulumira ndikuletsa kuti asapitirize kugawikana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, imalamulira kukula kwa khansa.
Kodi chemotherapy imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa yokha?
Nthawi zambiri, inde. Chemotherapy imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pochiza khansa. Madokotala a khansa amalimbikitsa chemotherapy pamodzi ndi mankhwala ena monga opaleshoni ndi radiation therapy.
Koma nthawi zina chemotherapy imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa matenda ena omwe si a khansa.
- Matenda Odziteteza Kuthupi: M'matendawa, maselo a chitetezo chamthupi lathu amaukira minofu yathu yathanzi. Chemotherapy imatha kulamulira maselo odziteteza omwe amagawanitsa mwachangu ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka komwe amayambitsa m'thupi.
- Matenda a Magazi: Mu matenda ena a m'magazi, mafuta a m'mafupa amapanga maselo a m'magazi osazolowereka. M'matenda otere, mankhwala a chemotherapy amaperekedwa kuti awononge maselo osazolowerekawa m'mafupa ndikupanga njira yoti maselo atsopano athanzi asamalidwe asanaikidwe maselo oyamba.
Mitundu ya mankhwala a chemotherapy ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito
Mankhwala a chemotherapy si a mtundu umodzi. Amagawidwa m'magulu akuluakulu angapo kutengera kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala ndi momwe amaphera maselo a khansa. Dokotala wanu adzasankha mankhwala kapena kuphatikiza kwa mankhwala omwe ali abwino kwa inu kutengera mtundu wa khansa yomwe muli nayo, momwe yafalikira (gawo), komanso thanzi lanu lonse.
Nthawi zina, m'malo mwa mankhwala amodzi okha, mankhwala angapo amaperekedwa pamodzi. Izi zimatchedwa mankhwala ophatikizana. Kupereka mankhwala osiyanasiyana pamodzi kumawonjezera kupambana kwa chithandizo chifukwa mankhwala aliwonse amaukira maselo a khansa m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
Tiyeni tiwone mitundu ikuluikulu ya mankhwala a chemotherapy.
| Gulu la mankhwala | Momwe imagwirira ntchito | Zitsanzo zodziwika bwino |
|---|---|---|
| Othandizira Alkylating | Zimawononga DNA ya maselo a khansa ndipo zimawaletsa kugawikana. Imeneyi inali mitundu yoyamba ya chemo kupezeka. | Carboplatin, Cisplatin, Cyclophosphamide |
| Mankhwala oletsa metabolism | Zimaletsa maselo a khansa kupanga zinthu za majini (DNA) zomwe zimafunika popanga maselo atsopano. Zili ngati kuyimitsa zipangizo zomangira zomwe zimafunika kuti amange nyumba yatsopano. | 5-fluorouracil, Methotrexate, Gemcitabine |
| Zoletsa za Topoisomerase | Imaletsa enzyme (topoisomerase) yomwe imathandiza selo la khansa kukopera DNA yake. Izi zimaletsa selo kugawikana. | Etoposide, Irinotecan, Topotecan |
| Zoletsa Mitotic | Izi ndi zinthu zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachokera ku zomera ndipo zimasokoneza njira yogawa maselo a khansa (mitosis). | Paclitaxel, Docetaxel, Vincristine |
| Mankhwala Oletsa Kutupa | Zimaletsa kubwerezabwereza kwa DNA ya maselo a khansa, zomwe mwina zingawononge DNA. | Doxorubicin, Bleomycin, Mitomycin-C |
Kodi corticosteroids ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy?
Ayi. `Corticosteroids` si mankhwala a chemotherapy. Komabe, anthu ambiri omwe amalandira chemotherapy amapatsidwa mankhwalawa kuti achepetse zotsatirapo zake monga kusanza ndi nseru. Komanso, `Corticosteroids` zina zimatha kupha maselo a khansa. `Dexamethasone` ndi `Prednisolone` ndi zitsanzo za izi.
Zotsatirapo zomwe aliyense amaopa
Nkhawa yaikulu imene aliyense amakhala nayo akamalankhula za mankhwala a chemotherapy ndi zotsatira zake zoyipa. N’zoona kuti mankhwala a chemotherapy ali ndi zotsatira zake zoyipa. Chifukwa chake n’chakuti mankhwala a chemotherapy sangasiyanitse maselo a khansa ndi maselo athanzi. Mankhwalawa amaukira selo lililonse logawanika mofulumira. Kuwonjezera pa maselo a khansa, palinso maselo athanzi m’thupi lathu omwe amagawanika mofulumira.
Mwachitsanzo:
- Maselo mu mizu ya tsitsi (ndicho chifukwa chake tsitsi limakula)
- Maselo omwe ali mkati mwa pakamwa ndi pakhosi (ndichifukwa chake zilonda za pakamwa zimachitika)
- Maselo a m'mimba (ndicho chomwe chimayambitsa nseru, kusanza, ndi kusokonezeka m'mimba)
- Maselo omwe amapanga maselo a magazi mu fupa la mafupa (ndicho chifukwa chake kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi kumachitika ndipo kukana matenda kumachepa)
Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha izi ndi izi:
- Kutopa kwambiri
- Kusanza ndi kusanza
- Kutsegula m'mimba kapena kudzimbidwa
- Kutaya tsitsi
- Zilonda pakamwa
- Chilakolako cha chakudya
- Kuchepa kwa maselo a m'magazi kumayambitsa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi komanso chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda opatsirana (neutropenia).
Chofunika ndichakuti si aliyense amene angakumane ndi zotsatirapo zonsezi. Komanso, dokotala wanu adzakupatsani mankhwala ena kuti athetse zotsatirapo zambirizi ndikuchepetsa zotsatira zake. Choncho musasiye kulandira chithandizo chifukwa cha zotsatirapo zake. Lankhulani momasuka ndi dokotala wanu za kusasangalala kulikonse komwe mukumva.
Ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuuza dokotala wanu ngati mukukumana ndi zotsatirapo zilizonse panthawi ya chemotherapy. Makamaka, musatenge mopepuka ngati mukukumana ndi zotsatirazi:
- Malungo okwera (nthawi zambiri amafika 38°C / 100.4°F)
- Kusanza kosalekeza kapena kutsegula m'mimba
- Kuvuta kupuma kapena kupweteka pachifuwa
- Kutuluka magazi kosalekeza kuchokera kulikonse m'thupi
- Kulephera kudya kapena kumwa chifukwa cha zilonda zazikulu pakamwa
Zikatero, imbani nthawi yomweyo chipatala cha khansa komwe mukulandira chithandizo, kapena pitani ku dipatimenti yothandiza anthu odwala mwadzidzidzi (ETU) ya chipatala chapafupi. Izi si zinthu zoti muyembekezere. Dokotala wanu angafunike kusintha mlingo wa mankhwala, kusintha nthawi yolandira chithandizo, kapena kukupatsani mankhwala ena chifukwa cha zotsatirapo zake.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Chemotherapy ndi mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri komanso othandiza omwe amawononga maselo a khansa. Musachite mantha popanda chifukwa.
- Pali mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala a chemotherapy. Dokotala wanu adzasankha chithandizo chabwino kwambiri cha khansa yanu komanso thanzi lanu.
- Zotsatirapo zake zingachitike, koma zambiri mwa izo zitha kuthetsedwa. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za vuto lililonse lomwe mukumva.
- Pa nthawi ya chithandizo, ndikofunikira kwambiri kumwa mankhwala pa nthawi yake ndikupita kuzipatala.
- Simuli nokha. Banja lanu, anzanu, ndi gulu lachipatala alipo kuti akuthandizeni. Musazengereze kuwapempha thandizo.
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