Kodi nthawi zambiri mumamva kuti mwana wanu ndi wopusa kwambiri, sangathe kukhala chete, ndipo samvera zomwe mukunena? Nthawi ngati zimenezi, mungaope kuti 'mwana uyu sakudziwa ngakhale pang'ono kuti ali ndi ADHD'. Koma poganizira kuchuluka kwa malingaliro olakwika omwe afalikira m'dera la anthu pankhani ya vutoli lotchedwa ADHD ( Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), n'kovuta kwambiri kudziwa chomwe chili chowona ndi chomwe chili chabodza. Chifukwa chake, lero tikambirana za malingaliro olakwika ena okhudza ADHD iyi, kuti mudziwe bwino.
Lingaliro Lolakwika 1: ADHD imayamba kusintha ana akamakula
Izi ndi zomwe anthu ambiri amaganiza. Pamene mwana akula, ndipo kusachita bwino zinthu komanso kulephera kukhala pamalo amodzi zikuchepa, mungaganize kuti, 'O, tsopano matenda ali bwino.' Koma si zoona.
Kafukufuku wapeza kuti ana ambiri omwe ali ndi ADHD amapitirizabe kukhala ndi mavuto ndi zizindikiro zawo mpaka atakula. Komabe, mtundu wa zizindikirozo ukhoza kusintha pakapita nthawi. Angaphunzire kuwongolera zizindikiro zawo kapena kuzibisa kwa ena.
Zizindikiro za ADHD zomwe zingawonekere paubwana ndi ukalamba ndi izi:
- Kusakhazikika
- Kuiwala zinthu ndi kusatha kukonza zinthu (Kusakonza zinthu)
- Kuvuta kusamalira nthawi
- Mavuto mu ubale wa anthu ndi anthu
- Mavuto kuntchito
Choncho, musayembekezere kuti mwana wanu adzachira akamakula. ADHD ikhoza kuthetsedwa akakula. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za mankhwala, chithandizo cha khalidwe, ndi kusintha kwa moyo.
Lingaliro Lolakwika 2: ADHD si matenda enieni, ndi kungokhala kulakwitsa kwakukulu.
Mwina mwamvapo nkhani monga, "Si matenda, ndi momwe ana alili," "Aliyense safuna kumvetsera nthawi yayitali masiku ano." Anthu ena safuna kuvomereza kuti vutoli ndi lenileni chifukwa silingadziwike ndi mayeso a magazi kapena kujambulidwa kwa ubongo.
Koma pankhani ya zamankhwala, ADHD ndi vuto lenileni. Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa izi:
- Zimasokoneza moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku: Ngati vutoli likulepheretsa mwana kuchita ntchito za kusukulu, kucheza ndi anzake, komanso kukhala bwino ndi achibale ake, limaonedwa kuti ndi 'vuto' kapena vuto lachipatala mu sayansi ya zamankhwala .
- Ndi cholowa: Chifukwa chachikulu cha ADHD ndi majini.Ngati kholo kapena m'bale wanu ali ndi ADHD, mwanayo nayenso akhoza kudwala matendawa.
- Kusintha kwa ubongo: Ngakhale kuti kusanthula ubongo sikungathe kuzindikira ADHD, asayansi apeza kuti kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya ubongo wa munthu amene ali ndi ADHD zimasonyeza kusiyana kwina poyerekeza ndi ubongo wa munthu wabwinobwino. Ichi ndichifukwa chake amatchedwa vuto la neurobehavioral .
Lingaliro Lolakwika 3: Ana onse omwe ali ndi ADHD ndi otanganidwa kwambiri.
Tikamaganizira za ADHD, nthawi zambiri timaganizira za mwana amene sangathe kukhala chete, amene nthawi zonse amakhala akuthamangathamanga komanso akugwedezeka. Koma kwenikweni pali mitundu itatu ya ADHD. Mtundu womwe mwana wanu ali nawo udzadalira zizindikiro zomwe zimamukhudza kwambiri.
| Mtundu wa ADHD | Zinthu zazikulu |
|---|---|
| Osasamalira kwambiri | Ana awa amavutika kukhala okhazikika, kumaliza ntchito, ndikutsatira malangizo. Komabe, mwina sangakhale okonda kuchita zinthu molakwika. |
| Mtundu wa Hyperactive-Pulsive | Amathamanga nthawi zonse, osatha kukhala pamalo amodzi. Amalumphira mkati pamene ena akulankhula. Amachita zinthu mwadzidzidzi osaganiza (mwadzidzidzi). |
| Mtundu wosakanikirana (Wophatikizana) | Mitundu yonse iwiri ya ADHD ili ndi makhalidwe ofanana: kusaganizira, kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso, ndi kusafuna kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso. |
Lingaliro Lolakwika 4: Ana omwe ali ndi ADHD amatha kuchita bwino ngati akufuna.
Nkhani iyi imatimvetsa chisoni kwambiri monga makolo. Mwana akachita cholakwika, timamufunsa kuti, "Mutha kukhala wabwino ngati mukufuna, chifukwa chiyani mukuchita izi?" Koma kwa mwana yemwe ali ndi ADHD, izi sizimatsimikiziridwa ndi khama.
Chifukwa cha momwe ubongo wa ana omwe ali ndi ADHD umagwirira ntchito, nthawi zambiri amachita zinthu mopupuluma (impulse-control) asanaganizire bwino zinthu. Ichi ndi chinthu chomwe amavutika kuchilamulira. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti ichi si chifukwa cha kusowa khama kwa mwana, koma ndi gawo la matendawo.
Lingaliro Lolakwika 5: ADHD imakhudza anyamata okha
N’zoona kuti anyamata owirikiza kawiri kuposa atsikana amapezeka ndi ADHD. Koma sizikutanthauza kuti ADHD imakhudza anyamata okha. Mmene vutoli limakhudzira atsikana ndi zosiyana, kotero nthawi zambiri silipezeka ndipo silinyalanyazidwa.
Makhalidwe a anyamata amatha kuonekera bwino komanso kukhala osokoneza, koma makhalidwe a atsikana nthawi zambiri amakhala amkati.
| Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino mwa anyamata | Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino mwa atsikana |
|---|---|
|
Lingaliro Lolakwika 6: Mankhwala ndi njira yokhayo yochiritsira ADHD.
Mankhwala ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri yothetsera zizindikiro za ADHD. Ndi zoona. Koma dokotala wanu nthawi zambiri amalangiza kuphatikiza mankhwala ndi chithandizo cha khalidwe.
Makamaka kwa ana osakwana zaka 6, mapulogalamu ophunzitsira makolo amalimbikitsidwa asanayambe kumwa mankhwala. Izi zimaphunzitsa makolo momwe angayang'anire khalidwe la mwana wawo.
Malingaliro ena olakwika ...
Ana omwe ali ndi ADHD sali anzeru.
Ili ndi bodza lenileni. Palibe kugwirizana pakati pa IQ ya mwana ndi ADHD. Momwe ana omwe ali ndi ADHD amaphunzirira ndi kuganiza zingakhale zosiyana. Koma ngati alandira thandizo ndi zida zomwe akufunikira, amatha kuphunzira chimodzimodzi. Ndipotu, kafukufuku wina akusonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi ADHDAkuti pali luso lapadera loganiza kunja kwa bokosi ndikubwera ndi malingaliro atsopano (kuganiza kosiyana).
ADHD imayamba chifukwa cha zolakwa za makolo
Makolo ambiri amaganiza kuti, "Kodi ichi ndi vuto langa?" Koma tiyeni timveke bwino: ADHD si chifukwa cha vuto la kholo kapena kulera ana molakwika. Komabe, kudzudzula ndi kulanga nthawi zonse kungapangitse khalidwe la mwana kukhala loipa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kukhala kholo lothandiza komanso labwino kungathandize kwambiri mwana wanu kuthana ndi vuto lake.
Ngati muli ndi nkhawa ndi izi, lankhulani ndi mlangizi wa zaumoyo wamaganizo .
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti, ngati muli ndi kukayikira kulikonse pa khalidwe la mwana wanu kapena chisamaliro chake, chonde funsani dokotala (dokotala) ndikupempha uphungu, m'malo modalira zomwe ena akunena. Mwanjira imeneyi, mutha kupeza chidziwitso ndi chitsogozo cholondola kwambiri.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- ADHD si chifukwa cha khalidwe loipa la mwana, ulesi, kapena kulakwitsa kwa makolo ake. Ndi matenda enieni okhudzana ndi ubongo.
- ADHD imakhudza anyamata ndi atsikana onse, koma zizindikiro zimatha kukhala zosiyana kwa magulu onse awiri.
- Vutoli silikhudza nzeru za mwana konse. Lingangosintha momwe amaganizira ndi kuphunzira.
- Chithandizo sichimangokhudza mankhwala okha. Chithandizo cha khalidwe, maphunziro a makolo, ndi kusintha kwa moyo ndizofunikira kwambiri.
- Ngati muli ndi kukayikira kulikonse pa khalidwe la mwana wanu, musakhulupirire mphekesera zomwe zikufalikira m'dera lanu, koma nthawi yomweyo funsani upangiri kwa dokotala wodziwa bwino ntchito yake.
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