Nsomba ndi chakudya chomwe tonsefe timakonda kwambiri, makamaka nsomba yokoma yomwe imagwidwa m'nyanja ya Sri Lanka. Koma nthawi zina, mosayembekezereka, mutaidya, mungamve kupweteka m'mimba mwadzidzidzi, chizungulire, komanso kukomoka. Ngakhale simukudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa, ikhoza kukhala poizoni woopsa wa nsomba. Lero, tikambirana za poizoni wa nsomba womwe ndi woopsa pang'ono, koma wofunika kwambiri kudziwa. Izi zimatchedwa Ciguatera.

Kodi Ciguatera ndi chiyani? Mwachidule...

Mwachidule, Ciguatera ndi mtundu wa poizoni wa chakudya womwe umachitika tikadya nsomba zomwe zili ndi poizoni wotchedwa Ciguatoxin . Ciguatoxin iyi ndi mtundu wa poizoni wa neurotoxin . Izi zikutanthauza kuti imakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito a mitsempha yathu.

Tangoganizirani, mtundu wa nyanja yamchere (algae) yotchedwa dinoflagellates (makamaka mtundu wa `Gambierdiscus toxicus`) yomwe imamera pafupi ndi miyala yamchere ya m'nyanja, yomwe ndi yaying'ono kwambiri moti singaoneke ndi maso, imapanga poizoni wotchedwa ciguatoxin. Kenako, nsomba zazing'ono zomwe zimadya zomerazi zimasonkhanitsa poizoniyu m'thupi lawo. Kenako, nsomba zazikulu zomwe zimadya nsomba zazing'ono - monga grouper ndi snapper zomwe timadya - zimasonkhanitsanso poizoniyu m'thupi lawo.

Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, poizoniyu savulaza nsomba kwambiri. Komabe, vuto ndilakuti ngati tidya nsomba yomwe ili ndi poizoni wamtunduwu. Zikatero sizingakhudze kokha kugaya chakudya , mitsempha yathu , komanso nthawi zina zoopsa, mtima wathu, ndiko kuti, mtima wathu.

Ciguatera nthawi zambiri si matenda oopsa. Komabe, ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikirozi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupita kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo . Iyi ndiyo njira yokhayo yokhazikitsira thanzi lanu ndikupewa mavuto aakulu.

Kodi poizoniyu amanenedwa kuti nthawi zambiri?

Aliyense padziko lapansi akhoza kutenga poizoniyu. Izi zimachitika makamaka mukadya nsomba m'malo okhala ndi miyala yamchere ya coral yomwe ili ndi algae yapoizoni (Dinoflagellates) yomwe ndatchula kale. Izi zikuphatikizapo madera monga Nyanja ya Caribbean ndi Nyanja ya South Pacific. Ku United States, chiopsezochi chilipo pakati pa nsomba m'nyanja za South Florida, Bahamas, Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, ndi Hawaii.

Koma kenako, nsomba zomwe zimagwidwa m'malo ngati awa zimafalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa chake, kulikonse komwe mumadya nsomba, chofunika kwambiri ndikudziwa mtundu wa nyanja yomwe nsomba zomwe mumadya zimagwidwa. Popeza tilinso ndi miyala yamchere ku Sri Lanka, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa izi.

Ndi mitundu iti ya nsomba yomwe ingakhale ndi Ciguatoxin?

Mitundu yoposa 400 ya nsomba zazikulu zomwe zimadya nsomba zazing'ono zimatha kukhala ndi ciguatoxin iyi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati mudya nsomba iliyonse mwa izi, mutha kutenga poizoniyu. Nthawi zambiri, nsomba zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi miyala yamchere ndipo zimadya nsomba zina. Mwachitsanzo, nsomba monga moray eels, barracudas, ndi amberjacks.

Nazi mitundu ina ya nsomba zomwe zimayambitsa poizoni wa Ciguatera:

• Amberjack
• Barracuda
• Gulu la Gulu
• Nkhono ya Moray
• Nsomba ya parrot
• Sinapa yofiyira
• Milamba yam'nyanja zamchere
• Mackerel wa ku Spain
• Sturgeon
• Nsomba ya Surgeonfish

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati nsomba ili ndi poizoni wa ciguatoxin?

Vuto ndi limenelo. Palibe njira yodziwira bwinobwino pokhapokha mutayesa mu labu. Ku United States, bungwe la Food and Drug Administration (FDA) lili ndi ma labu omwe amayesa poizoni ameneŵa m'nsomba. Koma zimenezo sizingathandize mukaphika nsomba kunyumba kapena kudya nsomba ndi mnzanu pa chakudya chamadzulo.

Nsomba yomwe ili ndi Ciguatoxin siisintha fungo lake, kukoma kwake, kapena mawonekedwe ake mwanjira iliyonse. Ili ngati nsomba ina iliyonse yachibadwa. Komanso, poizoni uyu satha ngakhale atayikidwa mu ayezi kapena kuphikidwa bwino. Imeneyo ndi imodzi mwa mavuto akuluakulu popewa poizoni wa nsomba za Ciguatera. Vuto ndilakuti n'zosatheka kuzindikira kupezeka kwa poizoniyu popanda kuyang'ana mu labu, ndipo poizoniyo sangachotsedwe pophika.

Kodi Ciguatera ndi yofala bwanji?

Uwu ndi poizoni wa chakudya wofala kwambiri wokhudzana ndi nsomba. Milandu pafupifupi theka la zikwi zana (50,000) imanenedwa padziko lonse lapansi chaka chilichonse. Komabe, n'zotheka kuti anthu ambiri amachiritsidwa chifukwa cha izi ndipo sanenedwa.

Asayansi amati chiwerengero cha odwala Ciguatera chikhoza kuwonjezeka ndi kusintha kwa nyengo . Izi zili choncho chifukwa kusintha kwa nyengo kukuwonjezera kuwonongeka kwa miyala yamchere yamchere. Algae yotchedwa `Gambierdiscus toxicus` yomwe imapanga ciguatoxin imakula bwino pafupi ndi miyala yamchere yakufa kapena yomwe ikutha. Komabe, kukula kwa algae iyi kumakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zina zambiri, monga kutentha kwa madzi, mchere, ndi kuwala. Asayansi akufufuzabe izi.

Kodi zizindikiro za poizoni wa nsomba za Ciguatera ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimayamba mkati mwa maola asanu ndi limodzi mutadya nsomba ya poizoni. Nthawi zina zizindikiro zimatha kuonekera mphindi 30 mutadya nsombayo, kapena zimatha kuchedwa mpaka tsiku limodzi.

Zizindikiro zazikulu ndi izi:

• Kusanza ndi kusanza
• Kutsegula m'mimba (kupweteka m'mimba)
• Kumva kutopa komanso kutopa
• Mutu
• Maso osawoneka bwino
• Kuona zinthu zomwe sizilipo (kuona zinthu zomwe sizilipo)
• Chizungulire ndi chizungulire
• Thukuta kwambiri
• Kuyabwa kwakukulu
• Kumva ngati dzino likupweteka kapena dzino likusuntha
• Kukoma kwachitsulo komanso kotentha mkamwa
• Kupweteka kwa minofu, mafupa, kapena m'mimba
• Kusanza kapena kumva kuwawa mkamwa, m'manja, ndi m'mapazi
• Kumva zinthu zotentha ngati kuzizira komanso zinthu zozizira ngati kutentha (izi zimatchedwa `Allodynia`)

Kuwonjezera pa izi, palinso zizindikiro zina zoopsa koma zosazolowereka:

• Kumva kuzizira, kunjenjemera
• Kuwonongeka kwa khungu
• Kufa ziwalo (kutayika kwa miyendo)
• Kuthira madzi mkamwa ndi m'maso
• Kuvuta kupuma (Dyspnea)
• Kuthamanga pang'onopang'ono kwa mtima (Bradycardia)
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi pang'ono (Hypotension)

Ngati mukumva chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa zizindikiro izi mutadya nsomba yotereyi, muyenera kuonana ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Nchifukwa chiyani Ciguatera imachitika?

Ciguatera imayamba chifukwa cha momwe matupi athu amachitira ndi poizoni amene ndatchula uja , Ciguatoxin. Poizoniyu amapangidwa ndi mtundu wa nyanja yamchere. Pamene poizoniyu akukwera mmwamba pa unyolo wa chakudya - kuyambira nsomba zazing'ono kupita ku nsomba zazikulu kenako kwa anthu - amakhala amphamvu komanso owopsa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, nsomba zazikulu zakumalo otentha zomwe zimadya nsomba zazing'ono zimakhala ndi Ciguatoxin yambiri m'mimba mwawo. Poizoniyu akhoza kukhala wochuluka kwambiri m'mutu, m'matumbo, pachiwindi ndi m'mazira a nsomba.

Mukadya nsomba yapoizoni, mitsempha yanu imakhudzidwa ndi poizoniyo. Imasintha momwe mitsempha yanu imagwirira ntchito. Zotsatira zake, mumakumana ndi zizindikiro izi:

• Matenda okhudzana ndi kugaya chakudya (monga nseru, kusanza)
• Zokhudzana ndi dongosolo lamanjenje (monga dzanzi, kumva kuwawa, kupweteka)
• Matenda a mtima (monga kugunda pang'onopang'ono kwa mtima)

Kodi izi zimafalikira bwanji?

Mumapeza Ciguatera kokha ngati mudya nsomba ya poizoni.

Koma pali chinthu chimodzi. Amayi ambiri oyamwitsa omwe adadwala Ciguatera adanenanso kuti ana awo ali ndi zizindikiro monga kutsegula m'mimba ndi ziphuphu pakhungu . Izi zikutanthauza kuti poizoniyo amatha kufalikira kwa mwana kudzera mu kuyamwitsa. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kusiya kuyamwitsa mpaka mutachira ku vutoli.

Kodi ndi mavuto ati omwe angayambitse Ciguatera?

Ngati mukusanza kwambiri, mutha kusowa madzi m'thupi . Izi zikutanthauza kuti thupi lanu lilibe madzi okwanira. Mungafunike kupatsidwa madzi amchere (IV fluids) m'chipinda chodzidzimutsa (ETU) kuti mubwezeretse madzi m'thupi lanu. Mavuto omwe angawononge moyo ndi monga kupuma movutikira komanso mtima kulephera kugwira ntchito.Chabwino. Ngakhale kuti Ciguatera nthawi zambiri siipha, ndikofunikira kupita kuchipatala chadzidzidzi nthawi yomweyo kuti mupewe mavuto aakulu awa.

Kodi mungazindikire bwanji Ciguatera?

Njira yokhayo yodziwira ngati muli ndi Ciguatera ndi kuyesa nsomba yomwe mudadya mu labu kuti muwone ngati ili ndi poizoni. Koma nthawi yoti muchite zimenezo mukapita ku chipinda chodzidzimutsa.

Choncho, dokotala kapena namwino adzakuyang'anirani kutengera zizindikiro zanu komanso ngati mwadyapo mtundu wina wa nsomba zoopsa posachedwapa .

Kodi mankhwala a Ciguatera ndi otani?

Palibe mankhwala enieni a poizoniyu, kotero chithandizo makamaka cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa zizindikiro ndikupewa mavuto omwe angawononge moyo.

Kodi mankhwala amenewa ndi ati?

Zotsatirazi zitha kuchitika ngati chithandizo:

• Makala Ogwira Ntchito: Ngati munadya nsombayo mkati mwa maola anayi, ndipo simuli pachiwopsezo cha kutaya madzi m'thupi, dokotala wanu angakupatseni makala ogwira ntchito kuti akupangitseni kusanza. Izi zingachepetsenso kuyamwa kwa poizoni wina.
• Osmotic diuretics: Mankhwalawa amathandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi m'thupi lanu komanso kuchepetsa zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi mitsempha. Ngati vuto lanu lili bwino ndipo simuli pachiwopsezo cha kutaya madzi m'thupi, mungapatsidwe mankhwala otchedwa Mannitol (Osmitrol®) kudzera mu saline (IV) line kuti muchepetse zizindikiro.
• Mankhwala opweteka: Mungapatsidwe Gabapentin kapena Amitriptyline kuti muchepetse ululu wa mitsempha. Izi zingachepetsenso zotsatirapo zina monga kuyabwa kwambiri. Pa ululu wamba, mungapatsidwe mankhwala oletsa kutupa omwe si a steroidal (NSAID) kapena acetaminophen (Tylenol®) .

Ndi zakudya ndi zakumwa ziti zomwe ndiyenera kupewa nditalandira chithandizo?

Pali zakudya zina zomwe zingayambitse zizindikiro zobwerera kwa anthu omwe achira ku Ciguatera. Chifukwa chake, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti mupewe zakudya izi.

Ndi bwino kupewa zinthu izi kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi :

• Mowa (izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi mtima).
• Nsomba (ngakhale nsomba zopanda poizoni).
• Mtedza.
• Mitundu ya mbewu.

Kodi ndidzachira msanga bwanji nditalandira chithandizo?

Kwa anthu ambiri, zizindikiro zimatha pakatha masiku kapena milungu ingapo . Komabe, nthawi zina, zizindikiro zimatha kwa miyezi ingapo, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale zaka. Kawirikawiri, zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi mitsempha zimatha nthawi yayitali.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati mutamwa Ciguatera?

Anthu ambiri amachira pakatha milungu ingapo. Komabe, zingatenge miyezi, ngakhale zaka, kuti zizindikiro zonse za mitsempha zithe kwathunthu. Ngati mupewa zakudya ndi zakumwa (monga mowa) zomwe zingayambitse zizindikirozo, pamapeto pake mudzachira kwathunthu.

Chiwerengero cha imfa chifukwa cha poizoni wa Ciguatera n'chochepa kwambiri - pafupifupi munthu mmodzi pa anthu 1,000 aliwonse. Imfa zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha mavuto omwe amakhudza mtima ndi mapapo. Mavuto oterewa amatha kupewedwa ngati mupita kuchipatala mwamsanga.

Kodi poizoni wa nsomba za Ciguatera angapewedwe?

Njira yokhayo yopewera Ciguatera ndikupewa kudya nsomba zomwe zili ndi poizoni. Vuto ndilakuti, palibe njira yodziwira ngati nsomba inayake ili ndi poizoniyu popanda kuyiyesa mu labu.

Mukhoza kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu popewa nsomba zomwe zimapezeka pafupi ndi miyala yamchere ya coral, zomwe zimakhala ndi Ciguatera. Ngati mudya nsomba zotere, onetsetsani kuti mwapewa ziwalo zomwe zimakhala ndi poizoni - mutu, matumbo, chiwindi, ndi mazira.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo liti (ETU) ?

Ngati mwadya nsomba kuchokera m'madzi otentha komanso otentha posachedwapa ndipo mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zilizonse za Ciguatera, pitani kuchipatala chadzidzidzi (ETU) nthawi yomweyo. Kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kungapewe mavuto omwe angakupheni.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala?

Mukapita kwa dokotala, ndi bwino kufunsa mafunso awa:

• Ndi chithandizo chamtundu wanji chomwe ndikufunika kuti ndichepetse zizindikiro zanga?
• Ndikachira, ndizidzayezedwa kangati?
• Ndi zakudya ndi zakumwa ziti zomwe ndiyenera kupewa masiku/masabata/miyezi ikubwerayi?
• Kodi ndingakhale bwanji wathanzi komanso wochita masewera olimbitsa thupi pamene ndikuchira ku poizoni wa chakudya?
• Kodi ndiyenera kupewa kudya nsomba za m'madzi a m'nyanja ya coral mtsogolo?

Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba

Ciguatera ndi matenda omwe angakutengereni kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo mutadya nsomba yokoma. Njira yokhayo yopewera izi - yomwe ndi kusiya kudya nsomba za m'madera otentha - ingakhale yovuta pang'ono chifukwa zikutanthauza kusiya chakudya chomwe mumakonda. Si nsomba iliyonse yofiira kapena ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja yomwe mumadya yomwe ili ndi poizoniyu. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa zizindikiro zomwe muyenera kuwonana ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Ngati mudya imodzi mwa nsomba zoopsazo ndipo mukumva kupweteka m'mimba, kufooka, dzanzi, kumva kuwawa, kapena zizindikiro zina za mitsempha, pitani ku chipinda chodzidzimutsa (ETU) nthawi yomweyo. Ndicho chinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe mungachite.

'Ciguatera, poizoni wa nsomba, ciguatoxin, poizoni wa chakudya, poizoni wa neurotoxin, nsomba za m'matanthwe a coral, zizindikiro