Kodi mwana wanu ali ndi vuto la kulankhula? Tiyeni tiphunzire za matenda a chinenero (Developmental Language Disorder - DLD)?

Kodi mwana wanu nthawi zina amavutika kupeza mawu ndi kulankhula? Kapena zimaoneka ngati ngakhale zinthu zosavuta zomwe mumanena zimakhala zovuta kuzimvetsa? Mwina akukayikira pang'ono kulowa nawo anzake ndikusewera. Monga kholo, ndi zachilendo kuti mumve chisoni kwambiri komanso mantha pang'ono mukaona zinthu ngati izi.

Kodi vuto lotchedwa Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, Matenda a Chilankhulo Chokula (DLD) ndi vuto la kulankhulana lomwe limakhudza momwe mwana amaphunzirira, kumvetsetsa, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo. Chofunika kwambiri, vutoli silimachitika chifukwa cha kulephera kumva kwa mwana, vuto lina monga autism, kapena kusadziwa chilankhulo. Limachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa ubongo wa mwana komwe kumakhudzana ndi kukula kwa chilankhulo .

Taganizirani izi, vuto lotchedwa `(DLD)` ndi lofala kwambiri. Ngati pali ana pafupifupi 28 mkalasi, awiri mwa iwo akhoza kukhala ndi vutoli. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ana pafupifupi 7 mwa 100 amakhudzidwa. Koma chifukwa zizindikiro za izi sizimaonekera nthawi zonse, nthawi zina zimatchedwa "vuto lobisika."

Vutoli, lotchedwa ``(DLD),'' ndi vuto lomwe lingakhalepo kwa moyo wonse. Koma ndi chithandizo choyenera komanso chithandizo, ana amatha kupititsa patsogolo luso lawo lolankhula pakapita nthawi. Choncho palibe chodetsa nkhawa.

Ndiye kodi zizindikiro za matenda a DLD ndi ziti?

Ana omwe ali ndi DLD nthawi zambiri amapezeka ndi matendawa ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 5. Matendawa amakhudza luso lomvetsetsa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo. Zizindikiro zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi munthu, koma pali zinthu zina zomwe zimafanana.

Zizindikiro zomwe zimawonedwa mwa ana aang'ono:

Onani ngati mwana wanu ali ndi chilichonse mwa izi:

• Kuvuta kuyankha mafunso: Mukafunsidwa kuti, "Mwana wanga, chachitika n’chiyani kusukulu?", kodi mumayang’ana mopanda chidwi, osatha kuyankha? Kapena mumapereka yankho la mawu amodzi kapena awiri kenako n’kuchoka?
• Kuvuta kutsatira malangizo: Mukauzidwa malangizo angapo osavuta motsatizana, monga "Valani nsapato zanu ndipo bweretsani chikwama chanu," kodi mumachita chimodzi chokha n'kuiwala ena?
• Kuvutika kufotokoza momveka bwino: Kodi amanena zomwe akufuna kunena mwanjira yosokoneza, osapeza mawu oyenera? Angakhale kuti akumva kukhumudwa kwambiri panthawiyi.
• Kuvuta kupeza mawu oyenera: Kodi amavutika kukumbukira mawu akamalankhula, monga "Icho... ndicho... chimenecho..."? Mwina amamva ngati "chiri kumapeto kwa lilime lake koma sakukumbukira."
• Kuvuta kuphunzira mawu atsopano: Mukaphunzitsidwa mawu atsopano, kodi zimakuvutani kukumbukira ndikugwiritsa ntchito?
• N'zovuta kufotokoza nkhani momveka bwino komanso mwaukhondo:Tangoganizirani, mwana anapita kukawona gulu la anthu oyenda pakachisi wa m'mudzi. Kodi n'kovuta kufotokoza zochitika zomwe adaziwona motsatira ndondomeko, monga "Choyamba njovu zinapita, kenako ovina anafika"? Kodi mumasakaniza zonse ndi kunena zonse pamodzi?
• Mavuto okhudzana ndi anzawo: Kodi mwana wanu sakufuna kusewera kapena kulankhula ndi ana ena? Kodi mumayesetsa kukhala yekha?
• Kusamva bwino mukakhala pagulu: Mukapita kunyumba kwa wachibale kapena kuphwando, kodi mumaopa kapena kuopa kulankhula ndi anthu ena?
• Kuvuta kumvetsera: Kodi mumavutika kukhala maso pamene mukuphunzitsa kapena mukulankhula ndi munthu wina?

Zizindikiro za DLD mwa akuluakulu:

Matendawa (DLD) sakhudza ana aang'ono okha, komanso angayambitse mavuto kwa akuluakulu.

• Kuvuta kumvetsetsa chilankhulo chophiphiritsira: Mwachitsanzo, zingakhale zovuta kumvetsetsa mawu ophiphiritsira ndi mafanizo, monga "ngati kumenya pankhope."
• Kuvuta kumvetsa zomwe mukuwerenga: Mukamawerenga buku kapena nyuzipepala, zimakhala zovuta kumvetsetsa zomwe zili mkati mwake.
• Kuvuta kugwiritsa ntchito ziganizo zovuta: Ngakhale mutalankhula m'ziganizo zosavuta, zingakhale zovuta kupanga ziganizo zazitali komanso zovuta.

Chofunika: Akuti anthu omwe ali ndi `(DLD)` akhoza kukhala ndi mavuto ochulukirapo kanayi ndi masamu .

N’chifukwa chiyani vuto la DLD limachitika? Kodi zimayambitsa chiyani?

Kawirikawiri, zimakhala zovuta kupeza chifukwa chomveka bwino komanso chimodzi chokha chomwe chimayambitsa DLD. Komabe, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zingayambitse mwana kukhala ndi vutoli.

• Zinthu zokhudzana ndi chilengedwe: Chiwopsezochi chikhoza kuwonjezeka pang'ono mwa ana omwe ali ndi vuto la thiamine (vitamini B1) , kapena mwa ana omwe anabadwa msanga kapena omwe anabadwa ndi kulemera kochepa .
• Majini: Ngati wachibale wapafupi, monga mayi, bambo, mchimwene wake, kapena agogo ake, ali ndi vutoli, mwanayo amakhala ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza matenda a DLD. Nthawi zina, vutoli likhozanso kuchitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini mwachisawawa.
• Matenda ena okulira: Matenda monga `(Dyslexia)` (mavuto owerenga) kapena `(Autism Spectrum Disorder)` (matenda a autism spectrum disorder) angakhudze momwe mwana amaphunzirira chilankhulo. Pamene `(DLD)` ili ndi vuto lina, limatchedwa `` language disorder associated with dyslexia`` kapena ` language disorder associated with autism spectrum disorder``.

Ndi mavuto ena ati omwe angabwere chifukwa cha vutoli?

Vutoli lotchedwa ``(DLD)`` silimangokhudza chilankhulo chokha. Ndi vuto lomwe limakhudzanso mwana.Zingakhudzenso kuphunzira, malingaliro, ndi moyo wa anthu. Ana omwe ali ndi DLD angakumane ndi izi:

• Angapewe malo ochezera ndi anthu chifukwa chomva kusamasuka kapena manyazi. Tangoganizirani, mukapita kumalo kumene achibale anu asonkhana, mumayima pakona chifukwa simungathe kulankhula.
• Zingakhale zovuta kupeza mabwenzi ndi kusunga mabwenzi omwe alipo kale .
• Zingakhale zovuta kuchita bwino kwambiri kusukulu .

Kuphatikiza apo, ana awa akhoza kukhala ndi matenda ena monga `(Dyslexia)` (mavuto owerenga), `(Dysgraphia)` (mavuto olemba), `(ADHD)` (mavuto osowa chidwi), kapena mavuto akumva. Mavutowa amatha kukulirakulira.

Ngati muwona vuto lililonse mwa mwana wanu, lankhulani ndi dokotala wa ana nthawi yomweyo. Ndi bwino kupeza chithandizo mwamsanga. Koma kumbukirani kuti sikochedwa kupeza thandizo.

Kodi madokotala amazindikira bwanji DLD?

Katswiri wa matenda a chilankhulo (SLP) nthawi zambiri amawunika momwe mwana amamvetsetsa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo. Pakuwunikaku, angachite zinthu monga:

• Funsani mafunso okhudza moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa mwanayo. "Mwana wanga, unadya chiyani pa chakudya cham'mawa?", "Ndiuze momwe unasewerera dzulo."
• Kuona ndi kumva kwa mwana kumayesedwa, chifukwa ngati pali vuto ndi izi, zingakhudzenso chitukuko cha chilankhulo.
• Mayeso olembedwa kapena olankhulidwa amaperekedwa.
• Lankhulani ndi makolo, osamalira ana, kapena aphunzitsi. Pezani zambiri zokhudza momwe mwanayo akukhalira kunyumba komanso kusukulu.
• Yang'anani momwe mwanayo amachitira zinthu pagulu. Yang'anirani momwe amalankhulirana ndi ena.

Ndiye kodi mumachita bwanji ndi DLD?

Ana omwe ali ndi DLD nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito ndi katswiri wolankhula ndi chilankhulo (SLP). Chithandizo chimadalira zosowa za mwanayo. Komabe, chithandizochi chingathandize mwanayo kuchita zinthu monga:

• Pangani luso locheza ndi anthu: Zimakuthandizani kulankhula, kusewera, komanso kulumikizana ndi ena.
• Kumvetsetsa bwino chilankhulo: Kumakuthandizani kumvetsetsa zomwe zikunenedwa, malangizo, ndi nkhani.
• Limbikitsani kuwerenga, kulankhula, ndi kulemba.
• Konzani maganizo ndi malingaliro anu: Musananene kanthu, zimathandiza kuyika bwino maganizo anu.
• Tsatirani malangizo mosavuta.

Ana ambiri omwe ali ndi DLD amayenereranso kulandira thandizo kuchokera kusukulu. Katswiri wothandiza anthu kulankhula ndi kulankhula (SLP) angathandize banja lanu kupeza chithandizo monga:

• Ndondomeko Yophunzitsira Yokha (IEP): Ndondomeko yapadera yogwirizana ndi zosowa za maphunziro za mwana.
• Chithandizo cha kusukulu: Zinthu monga chithandizo cha kulankhula, chithandizo cha thupi, chithandizo cha ntchito, kapena chithandizo cha khalidwe.
• Thandizo la munthu mmodzi ndi mmodzi kuchokera kwa wothandizira payekha.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita ndi mwana wanga liti kwa dokotala/wothandizira?

Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwana wanu ali ndi DLD, funsani dokotala wanu kuti akutumizireni kwa katswiri wolankhula ndi chilankhulo (SLP). Kuthandiza msanga ndikwabwino. Katswiri wolankhula ndi chilankhulo angafotokoze zochitika zazikulu pakukula ndikupanga dongosolo la chithandizo lomwe likugwirizana ndi zosowa za mwana wanu.

Kodi tsogolo la anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli lidzakhala lotani?

DLD ndi vuto lomwe lingayambitse mavuto m'moyo wonse. Koma ndi chithandizo choyenera, ana amatha kukhala ndi luso lolankhulana bwino. Akayamba chithandizo mwachangu, zimakhala bwino. Koma kupeza thandizo pa msinkhu uliwonse kungapangitse kusiyana kwakukulu. Ngati silinalandire chithandizo, DLD ingayambitse mavuto ena kusukulu, maubwenzi, komanso thanzi labwino.

Matenda a Chilankhulo Chachikulu (DLD) angakhale ovuta osati kwa ana okha, komanso kwa mabanja awo. Kumvetsetsa tanthauzo la DLD, momwe imakhudzira kuphunzira ndi kulankhulana, komanso njira zamankhwala zomwe zilipo kungapangitse kusiyana kwakukulu.

Ulendo wa mwana aliyense wokhala ndi DLD ndi wofanana. Ndi chithandizo choyenera kuchokera kunyumba, kusukulu, ndi akatswiri, ana omwe ali ndi DLD amatha kupititsa patsogolo luso lawo lolankhulana ndikulimbitsa chidaliro chawo.

Mukadziwa zambiri za izi, mudzakhala okonzeka bwino kuthandiza mwana wanu kapena munthu amene mumamukonda. Pitirizani kufunsa mafunso, pitirizani kuphunzira, ndipo musazengereze kupita kwa dokotala ngati muli ndi nkhawa iliyonse.

Ndiye, ndi zinthu ziti zofunika kwambiri zomwe tiyenera kutenga kuchokera m'nkhaniyi?

Chabwino, ndikukhulupirira kuti tsopano mwamvetsetsa bwino zomwe takhala tikukambirana (Developmental Language Disorder - DLD). Nazi zina mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe muyenera kukumbukira:

• Matenda a DLD ndi matenda omwe amakhudza luso la mwana lolankhula, kumvetsetsa, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo . Si vuto la kumva, komanso si ulesi wa mwana.
• Zizindikiro za izi zimatha kusiyana. Zingakhale chilichonse kuyambira kuvutika kuyankha mafunso mpaka kusafuna kucheza ndi anzanu. Samalani ndi mwana wanu.
• Pakhoza kukhala palibe chifukwa chenicheni cha DLD, koma majini ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zitha kukhala ndi gawo.
• Kuzindikira msanga ndi kulandira chithandizo msanga n'kofunika kwambiri. Mothandizidwa ndi katswiri wolankhula ndi kulankhula (SLP), kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kungachitike.
• Ngakhale kuti izi ndi zovuta za moyo wonse, ndi chithandizo choyenera ndi chithandizo, ana akhoza kukhala ndi moyo wopambana. Athandizeni kukulitsa luso lawo.
• Simuli nokha. Madokotala, akatswiri azachipatala, aphunzitsi, ndi achibale onse ndi okonzeka kukuthandizani inu ndi mwana wanu.

Pomaliza, ngati muli ndi kukayikira pang'ono za kukula kwa chilankhulo cha mwana wanu, musanyalanyaze. Funani uphungu wa akatswiri. Mwana aliyense ndi wofunika, ndipo tiyenera kuwathandiza kukwaniritsa zomwe angathe.

Matenda a Chilankhulo, DLD, vuto la chilankhulo, kulankhula kwa ana, chithandizo cha kulankhula, chitukuko cha chilankhulo, mavuto olankhulana