Mwina mwamvapo za mavuto amisala. Mwachitsanzo, mawu monga kuvutika maganizo, nkhawa, ndi OCD tsopano ndi gawo lofala kwambiri pa zokambirana zathu. Koma kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo momwe dokotala angadziwire ngati munthu ali ndi vuto? Simungathe kungoganiza, eti? Ndicho chifukwa chake pali buku lapadera lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi madokotala amisala ndi akatswiri azaumoyo padziko lonse lapansi. Lero, tikambirana za buku la DSM-5.
Mwachidule, kodi DSM-5 iyi ndi chiyani?
DSM imayimira Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders . Mu Chisinhala, limatanthauza 'Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders'. Ili ndiye buku lalikulu lofotokozera za thanzi la maganizo ndi matenda okhudzana ndi ubongo lofalitsidwa ndi American Psychiatric Association (APA).
Dzinali limatha ndi "5" chifukwa iyi ndi kope lachisanu. DSM-5 idasindikizidwa koyamba mu 2013. Kenako, mu Marichi 2022, bungweli lidatulutsa buku losinthidwa, lomwe lidasinthidwa ndi zina mwazolembazo. Limatchedwa DSM-5-TR™. TR pano ikuyimira 'Text Revision' kapena 'Text Revision'.
Komabe, nayi mfundo yofunika kukumbukira: Mabuku a DSM-5 ndi DSM-5-TR ndi mabuku azachipatala opangidwira akatswiri ndi akatswiri. Nkhani zomwe zili m'mabuku awa ndi zaukadaulo kwambiri. Sikoyenera kuti munthu wamba awerenge bukuli ndikuganiza kuti ali ndi vuto lachipatala kapena kuti adziwe matenda a munthu wina. Kuwerenga bukuli sikuyenera kuonedwa ngati m'malo mwa kufunsa dokotala wodziwa bwino ntchito yake.
Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni kwa DSM-5 ndi kotani?
Tangoganizani kuti muli ndi malungo. Chinthu choyamba chimene dokotala amachita ndi kudziwa ngati ndi dengue, chimfine, kapena matenda ena. Iye adzakuyesani magazi ndikumvetsera mosamala zizindikiro zanu. Mofananamo, ngati muli ndi vuto la maganizo, gawo loyamba la chithandizo ndikupeza matenda enieni .
Buku la DSM-5 cholinga chake ndi kuthandiza pa ntchitoyi.
- Limapereka matanthauzidwe omveka bwino komanso atsatanetsatane a matenda aliwonse amisala.
- Zizindikiro ndi mtundu wa matenda aliwonse zafotokozedwa ndi zitsanzo.
- Komanso, bukuli limagawa matenda m'magulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madokotala athe kusiyanitsa matenda awiri omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana.
Mwachidule, izi zili ngati mapu a dokotala. Zimathandiza kuti zinthu zomwe zili m'bukuli zigwirizane ndi zizindikiro zomwe wodwalayo akufotokoza, ndikupeza matenda olondola kwambiri.
Ndani analemba buku lofunika chonchi? Motani?
Izi sizinachitike mwadzidzidzi. Bungwe la American Psychiatric Association (APA) linasonkhanitsa akatswiri a zamaganizo oposa 160 ochokera padziko lonse lapansi kuti apange DSM-5. Pakati pawo panali akatswiri a zamaganizo, akatswiri a zamaganizo, ndi akatswiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, akatswiri ena mazana ambiri adapereka thandizo ngati alangizi. Chidziwitso chomwe chili m'bukuli sichinasonkhanitsidwe kokha; chinatsimikiziridwa kudzera mu mayeso ndi kafukufuku osiyanasiyana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ili ndi buku lodalirika komanso lozikidwa pa sayansi.
Kodi DSM-5 ili ndi chiyani?
Ngakhale kuti DSM-5 imayang'ana kwambiri pa matenda amisala, imayang'ananso nkhani zokhudzana ndi ntchito ya ubongo, chifukwa thanzi lathu la maganizo ndi ntchito ya ubongo sizingalekanitsidwe. Bukuli lagawidwa m'magawo atatu.
1. Gawo Loyamba: Mfundo Zoyambira za DSM-5: Gawoli limapereka malangizo a momwe akatswiri azachipatala ayenera kugwiritsira ntchito bukuli pantchito yawo. Limaperekanso malangizo a momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito bukuli pothana ndi mavuto azaumoyo wamaganizo, monga nkhani zamalamulo ndi milandu ya kukhothi.
2. Gawo Lachiwiri: Zofunikira ndi Ma Code Odziwira Matenda: Ili ndi gawo lalikulu komanso lofunika kwambiri m'bukuli. Mutu uliwonse ukunena za gulu la matenda. M'magawo amenewo, matenda oyenerera amafotokozedwa momveka bwino ndipo zofunikira kuzizindikira zaperekedwa. Tidzakambirana izi mwatsatanetsatane mtsogolo.
3. Gawo Lachitatu: Miyezo ndi Zitsanzo Zowonekera: Gawoli likukambirana zida zenizeni zowunikira zomwe zimathandiza madokotala kuzindikira matenda enaake. Likukambirananso momwe kusiyana kwa chikhalidwe kungakhudzire matenda, ndikukambirana za matenda omwe angawonjezedwe m'bukuli mtsogolo kuti aphunzire zambiri.
Zina mwa magulu akuluakulu a matenda omwe atchulidwa m'buku la DSM-5
Tsopano tiyeni tiwone magulu akuluakulu a matenda m'buku lino. Mwina munamvapo mayina awa kale. Ndi mndandanda wautali, koma umakupatsani lingaliro la mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda amisala omwe afotokozedwa m'bukuli.
| Gulu la Matenda | Zitsanzo zomwe zili pansi pa izi |
|---|---|
| Matenda a Neurodevelopment | Matenda a Autism Spectrum, Matenda Osazindikira Kwambiri (ADHD), Matenda Ophunzirira |
| Matenda a Schizophrenia ndi Matenda Ena a Maganizo | Schizophrenia, Matenda Osayembekezereka |
| Matenda a Bipolar ndi Matenda Ena Ofanana | Matenda a Bipolar I ndi II |
| Matenda Ovutika Maganizo | Matenda Ovutika Maganizo, Matenda Osalekeza Ovutika Maganizo |
| Matenda Oda Nkhawa | Matenda Odetsa Nkhawa, Matenda a Nkhawa Pagulu, Phobias |
| Matenda Odzikuza ndi Okakamiza ndi Ofanana Nawo | Matenda Odziletsa Kwambiri (OCD), Matenda Obisala |
| Matenda Okhudzana ndi Kuvulala ndi Kupsinjika Maganizo | Matenda a post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), matenda osinthira |
| Matenda Okhudzana ndi Kudya ndi Kudya | Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa |
| Matenda Okhudza Kugona ndi Kudzuka | Matenda a Kusagona, Kulephera Kugona, Matenda a Miyendo Yosakhazikika |
| Matenda Okhudzana ndi Kumwa Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo ndi Kumwa Mopitirira Muyeso | Matenda Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mowa, Zizindikiro Zokhudzana ndi Kusiya Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mowa |
| Matenda a Mitsempha | Kusokonezeka maganizo, Matenda a Alzheimer, Matenda a Parkinson, Kuvulala kwa Ubongo Koopsa |
| Matenda a Umunthu | Matenda a Borderline Personality (BPD), Matenda a Narcissistic Personality |
Kodi tingagule kapena kuwona bukuli?
Inde. DSM-5 ikupezeka kuti mugule m'masitolo ogulitsa mabuku komanso pa intaneti. Malaibulale ambiri a anthu onse ali nayo (ngakhale kuti ena sangakulole kuti muichotse mulaibulale, koma kungoiyang'ana kumeneko).
Koma, ndikukumbutseninso kachiwiri, ngakhale kuti bukuli likupezeka kwa anthu onse, musaiwale kuti cholinga chake ndi akatswiri azachipatala. Motero, chilankhulochi ndi chaukadaulo kwambiri. Zingakhale zovuta kwambiri kuti munthu wamba amvetse.
Ganizirani za buku lonena za momwe mungayendetsere ndege. Mutha kuliwerenga, ndipo lingakhale losangalatsa. Koma kuwerenga buku limenelo sikukuthandizani kuti muphunzire kuyendetsa ndege, sichoncho? Ndipo buku la DSM-5 ili nalonso. Zingakhale zoopsa kuliwerenga ndi kusankha kuti inu kapena ena muli ndi matenda amisala.
Ngati mukukayikira ngakhale pang'ono kuti inuyo kapena munthu amene mumamukonda ali ndi vuto lomwe lafotokozedwa m'bukuli, chinthu chabwino kwambiri choti muchite ndi kupita kwa dokotala wodziwa bwino ntchito yake.Monga momwe mungafufuzire dokotala popanda kuchitidwa opaleshoni nokha, funsani upangiri kwa dokotala wodziwa bwino ntchito yake yemwe waphunzitsidwa bwino za matenda amisala.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Buku la DSM-5 ndi buku lofunika kwambiri lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi madokotala amisala ndi akatswiri azaumoyo padziko lonse lapansi kuti adziwe matenda amisala molondola.
- Izi zapangidwa pamaziko a sayansi ndi zopereka za akatswiri mazana ambiri ochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi.
- Bukuli limapereka matanthauzo omveka bwino komanso njira zodziwira matenda a matenda aliwonse, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri madokotala kuwatsogolera ku chithandizo choyenera.
- Chofunika kwambiri: DSM-5 ndi chida chaukadaulo cha akatswiri, osati cha anthu onse kuti azigwiritsa ntchito kudzifufuza okha. Ngati mukuganiza kuti inuyo kapena munthu wina wapafupi nanu ali ndi vuto la matenda amisala, nthawi zonse funsani upangiri kwa dokotala .
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