Mukamva mawu oti 'shuga', mumaganiza za shuga wambiri m'magazi, sichoncho? Ndicho chimene anthu ambiri amadziwa. Koma lero tikulankhula za matenda osiyana kwambiri, omwe safala kwambiri omwe ali ndi dzina lofanana. Izi zimatchedwa Diabetes Insipidus (DI). Chomwe chimachitika pankhaniyi si kuti shuga m'magazi akukwera, koma kuti pali vuto ndi kuwongolera madzi m'thupi.
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Kodi matenda a shuga a insipidus (DI) ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Mwachidule, chomwe chimachitika apa ndi chakuti mahomoni omwe amatumiza uthenga ku impso zathu, "Sungani madzi ena omwe thupi lanu limafunikira, musawatulutse onse ngati mkodzo," amachepa m'thupi lathu, kapena impso siziyankha mahomoni amenewo.
Chifukwa cha izi, impso sizingathe kusunga madzi m'thupi. Zotsatira zake, madzi ambiri m'thupi amatuluka mumkodzo. Choncho mumamva ludzu kwambiri. Matendawa amatchedwa chifukwa mkodzo womwe umatuluka sukhala ndi kukoma kokoma ndipo umakhala ngati madzi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake anthu ena amautcha "matenda a shuga a m'madzi".
Kodi izi ndi zoopsa?
Kawirikawiri iyi si matenda oopsa komanso oopsa. Ngati munthu wamkulu amwa madzi okwanira, sizingachitike kuti afe nawo. Komabe, ikhoza kukhala yoopsa kwambiri kwa ana aang'ono, okalamba, kapena omwe ali ndi matenda amisala. Chifukwa sangakhale ndi ludzu labwino kapena sangathe kupempha madzi.
Tangoganizirani, munthu wathanzi amatulutsa mkodzo wokwana malita 1-2 patsiku. Koma munthu amene ali ndi vuto la DI amatha kutulutsa mkodzo wokwana malita 3-20 patsiku! Kukodza kwambiri kumeneku kumatchedwa Polyuria. Izi zimapangitsa kuti thupi litaye madzi ambiri oopsa ndikuchepa madzi m'thupi . Sikuti zokhazo, komanso kuchuluka kwa electrolytes, monga sodium ndi potassium, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa mitsempha yathu, zimatayikanso.
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Pali mitundu ikuluikulu inayi ya vutoli. Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, mankhwala, komanso zotsatira zake za nthawi yayitali. Koma nthawi zambiri, mutha kuthana ndi vutoli bwino ndi upangiri wa dokotala wanu.
1. Matenda a shuga a Central Diabetes Insipidus (Matenda a shuga a Central Diabetes Insipidus)
Uwu ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri. Chomwe chimachitika apa ndi chakuti thupi silipanga mahomoni okwanira a vasopressin, omwe amathandiza kusunga madzi m'thupi lathu.
Kuvulala mutu kungakhale chifukwa chachikulu cha izi.Kuwonongeka kwa gawo la ubongo lomwe limapanga mahomoni otchedwa vasopressin, kapena pituitary gland yomwe imasunga. Izi zitha kuchitikanso chifukwa cha zinthu monga matenda opatsirana, opaleshoni, ndi zotupa muubongo. Nthawi zina, makanda aang'ono amabadwa ndi vutoli chifukwa cha zifukwa za majini.
Kuchepa kwa DI nthawi zina kumatha kuchepetsedwa ndi zakudya zopanda sodium yambiri. Komabe, anthu ambiri amafunika kumwa mahomoni opangidwa otchedwa desmopressin. Izi zitha kumwedwa ngati piritsi, kupopera m'mphuno, kapena jakisoni.
Chofunika kwambiri ndikumwa mlingo weniweni womwe dokotala wanu wakuuzani kuti mumwe komanso kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe mumamwa. Kumwa madzi ochulukirapo kungayambitse mutu, chizungulire, komanso kuchepa koopsa kwa sodium m'thupi.
2. DI yokhudzana ndi impso (Nephrogen Diabetes Insipidus)
Chomwe chikuchitika apa n'chakuti ngakhale ubongo ukupanga mahomoni otchedwa vasopressin moyenera, impso sizingamve uthengawo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti impso siziyankha. Izi zitha kukhalapo kuyambira kubadwa, kapena zimatha kukula pambuyo pake.
Zinthu zomwe zingayambitse izi ndi izi:
- Matenda a impso a nthawi yayitali.
- Mankhwala ena. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala monga lithiamu, foscarnet, ndi clozapine.
- Kuchuluka kwa calcium m'magazi (hypercalcemia).
- Kuchepa kwa potaziyamu m'magazi (hypokalemia).
- Kutsekeka kwa njira ya mkodzo.
Ngati chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli chachiritsidwa, nthawi zina n'zotheka kuchiza kwathunthu vuto la DI.
3. DI (Dipsogenic Diabetes Insipidus) yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha ludzu lochuluka
Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha vuto la hypothalamus, lomwe ndi malo a ludzu muubongo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu azilakalaka kumwa madzi mosalamulirika. Izi zitha kuchitikanso chifukwa cha matenda ena amisala. Palibe mankhwala othandiza pa izi pakadali pano. Komabe, zinthu monga ayezi ndi zotsukira pakamwa zingathandize kuchepetsa pakamwa pouma. Choopsa chimodzi apa ndichakuti kumwa madzi ochulukirapo kungayambitse kuledzera ndi madzi .
4. Matenda a shuga a m'mimba otchedwa Insipidus (DI) omwe amapezeka panthawi ya mimba
Azimayi ambiri amatha kukhala ndi vutoli m'miyezi itatu yomaliza ya mimba. Limayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mahomoni kapena enzyme mu placenta yomwe imaphwanya hormone ya vasopressin. Anthu omwe ali ndi mapasa ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Komabe, nthawi zambiri ndi vuto lochepa ndipo limatha kwathunthu mkati mwa milungu ingapo mwana atabadwa.
Kasamalidwe ka DI ndi zinthu zomwe muyenera kusamala nazo
Zinthu ziwiri zomwe tiyenera kuda nkhawa nazo kwambiri pa mtundu uliwonse wa DI ndi kusowa madzi m'thupi komanso kusalinganika kwa ma electrolyte . Muyenera kudziwa zizindikiro za izi nthawi zonse.
| Chenjezo | Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani? |
|---|---|
| Ludzu lalikulu | Chizindikiro champhamvu kwambiri chakuti thupi likufunika madzi ambiri. |
| Pakamwa pouma, milomo, ndi khungu | Chizindikiro chakuti madzi m'thupi akuchepa. |
| Kutopa kapena chizungulire | Zingachitike chifukwa cha kutsika kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi kapena kusafika kwa magazi okwanira ku ubongo. |
| Kukodza pafupipafupi usiku | Chinthu chachikulu cha matenda a DI. |
| Mkodzo wakuda kapena kuchepa kwa kukodza | Izi zitha kukhala chizindikiro cha kutaya madzi m'thupi kwambiri ndipo muyenera kupeza upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. |
| Kugunda kwa mtima mwachangu kapena kosasinthasintha | Zingayambitsidwe ndi kusalinganika kwa ma electrolyte m'thupi. |
Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, chinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe mungachite ndikupita kwa dokotala wa banja lanu mwamsanga. Ndi vutoli, mutha kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino komanso wathanzi ndi chithandizo choyenera komanso malangizo achipatala.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Matenda a shuga a Insipidus (DI) si matenda a shuga omwe tonse timawadziwa. Ndi vuto lokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi m'thupi.
- Zizindikiro zazikulu ndi ludzu lochuluka komanso kukodza kwambiri.
- Vutoli nthawi zambiri silili loopsa ndipo lingathe kuthetsedwa bwino ndi chithandizo choyenera chamankhwala.
- Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi zizindikiro izi, musaganize choncho, koma pitani kwa dokotala.
- Ndikofunikira kwambiri kumwa mankhwala monga momwe dokotala wanenera komanso kumwa madzi monga momwe walangizidwira.
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