Ngwazi yaing'ono ya thupi lathu: Tiyeni tiphunzire zonse zokhudza duodenum!

Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo momwe chakudya chomwe timadya chimaperekera mphamvu ndi chakudya m'thupi lathu? Ulendowu ndi wovuta kwambiri komanso wodabwitsa womwe umachitika mkati mwa matupi athu. Chifukwa chake, pali gawo laling'ono koma lamphamvu kwambiri lomwe limagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri paulendowu, koma nthawi zina sitimalankhula zambiri. Imeneyo ndi duodenum . Mwachidule, iyi ndi gawo loyamba la matumbo athu ang'onoang'ono. M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana za wogwira ntchito cheteyu wa dongosolo lathu logaya chakudya.

Kodi ntchito yaikulu ya duodenum ndi chiyani?

Ganizirani za duodenum ngati malo otanganidwa kwambiri komanso ofunikira kwambiri pa unyolo wa chakudya. Ndi malo oyamba pomwe chakudya chochokera m'mimba chimakumana. Ntchito zazikulu zitatu zimachitika apa:

1. Kuchepetsa asidi m'chakudya chochokera m'mimba:

Chakudya chomwe timadya chikalowa m'mimba, chimasakanikirana ndi madzi a asidi omwe ali mmenemo, chimaphwanyika, ndipo chimakhala phala lamadzimadzi. Mu zamankhwala, timatcha ichi 'chyme' . 'chyme' iyi ndi acid kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ngati ipita mwachindunji ku matumbo ang'onoang'ono ena onse, imatha kuwonongeka. Duodenum imatulutsa mahomoni otchedwa 'secretin' . Homoni iyi imapita ndikupereka chizindikiro ku kapamba wathu kuti atulutse enzyme yotchedwa 'bicarbonate' . Monga momwe zimasungunula chinthu chokhala ndi acid ndi madzi, bicarbonate iyi imabwera ndikuchepetsa acidity ya 'chyme' yokhala ndi acid kwambiri kufika pamlingo wovomerezeka. Izi sizimangoteteza matumbo athu ang'onoang'ono, komanso zimathandiza kuti azitha kuyamwa michere moyenera.

2. Kusintha kwa 'chyme' kukhala michere yomwe ingatengedwe ndi thupi:

Duodenum imatulutsa mahomoni ena ofunikira, cholecystokinin (CCK) . Homoni iyi imalimbikitsa chiwindi chathu, ndulu, ndi kapamba kuti zitumize madzi awo ogaya chakudya mu duodenum.

• Ndudu, yomwe imachokera ku chiwindi ndi ndulu, imathandiza kuswa mafuta.
• Enzyme yotchedwa 'lipase' yochokera ku kapamba imaphwanyanso mafuta. Enzyme ya 'amylase' imaphwanyanso chakudya, ndipo enzyme ya 'protease' imaphwanya mapuloteni.

Zakudya zomwe zaphwanyidwa bwino motere zimalowa m'magazi athu.

3. Kupititsa patsogolo chakudya chomwe chagayidwa:

Tinthu ta chakudya tosayamwa ndi zinyalala timakankhidwira kuchokera mu duodenum kupita ku gawo lotsatira la matumbo ang'onoang'ono, jejunum. Izi zimachitika chifukwa minofu yomwe ili m'makoma a duodenum imafinya ndikupumula. Njira yofanana ndi mafunde iyi yomwe imapititsa patsogolo chakudya imatchedwa peristalsis .

Kodi duodenum ndi yaikulu bwanji? Ndipo ili kuti?

Duodenum ndiye gawo lalifupi kwambiri mwa magawo atatu a matumbo athu ang'onoang'ono (duodenum, jejunum, ileum). Ili ndi kutalika pafupifupi mainchesi 10.– Umenewo ndi wochepera phazi limodzi pa rula. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, mawu achilatini akuti "duodenum" amatanthauza "zala 12." Izi zikutanthauza kuti, kale, kutalika kwake kunkayesedwa poganiza kuti kunali kofanana ndi m'lifupi mwa zala 12 zomwe zinayikidwa moyandikana.

Tangoganizirani, ngati titatambasula matumbo athu onse ang'onoang'ono, angakhale aatali mamita pafupifupi 22! Utali wake ndi pafupifupi mamita 2. Komabe, duodenum, gawo laling'ono la kutalika konseku, pafupifupi mainchesi 10, ndi komwe kuyamwa michere yofunika kwambiri kumachitika.

Duodenum ili pansi pa mimba yathu. Imapindika ngati chilembo cha Chingerezi 'C', kapena horseshoe, kumanja, kumbuyo, pansi, kenako kumanzere. Mutu wa kapamba uli mkati mwa curve yooneka ngati 'C' iyi.

Kodi ziwalo zazikulu za duodenum ndi ziti?

Duodenum ili ndi zigawo zinayi zazikulu, zomwe zimatchedwa chifukwa cha malo ndi mawonekedwe ake.

1. Gawo lapamwamba: Ili ndi gawo lomwe lili pamwamba lomwe limalumikizana ndi mimba. Ndi lalitali pafupifupi mainchesi awiri. Malo omwe limalumikizana mwachindunji ndi pylorus, valavu yomwe imatulutsa chakudya m'mimba, amatchedwanso duodenal bulb. Apa ndi pomwe zilonda zam'mimba zazing'ono nthawi zambiri zimakula, chifukwa asidi wam'mimba nthawi zambiri amalowa m'mimba.

2. Gawo lotsika: Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, ili ndi gawo looneka ngati 'C' lomwe limatsika. Ndi lalitali pafupifupi mainchesi 1. Gawoli limalumikizidwa ndi kapamba, ndulu, ndi chiwindi kudzera m'mitsempha yomwe imanyamula madzi ake.

3. Gawo lopingasa (lotsika): Ilinso ndi lalitali pafupifupi mainchesi 4. Limafalikira kuchokera kumanja kupita kumanzere. Gawoli limadutsa pamwamba pa aorta ndi inferior vena cava, zomwe ndi mitsempha yayikulu yamagazi m'thupi lathu.

4. Gawo lokwera: Ili ndi gawo laling'ono kwambiri la duodenum, lochepera inchi imodzi kutalika. Limakwera pang'ono ndikulumikizana ndi jejunum.

Kodi duodenum imapangidwa ndi mitundu yanji ya minofu?

Monga gawo lonse la kugaya chakudya (GI tract), duodenum imapangidwa ndi zigawo zinayi zazikulu za minofu. Kuyambira mkati mpaka kunja, izi ndi:

1. Mucosa: Uwu ndi gawo lamkati kwambiri. Lili ndi tiziwalo timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timakhala ngati zala totchedwa 'microvilli' . Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timeneti timawonjezera kwambiri malo a duodenum, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti itenge michere yambiri kuposa momwe ingakhalire yathyathyathya.

2. Submucosa: Chigawochi chili ndi mitsempha yamagazi ndi minofu yolumikizana. Makamaka, ma gland a Brunner amapezeka mu chigawochi. Ma gland awa amapanga kutulutsa komwe kumachepetsa acidity ya chyme.

3. Minofu:Kawirikawiri imapangidwa ndi minofu yosalala. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikusakaniza ndikuyendetsa chakudya patsogolo. Minofu iyi ikakokana, 'chyme' imasakanizidwa bwino ndi ma enzyme ndi bile.

4. Serosa: Ichi ndi chophimba chakunja kwambiri cha duodenum. Chimapangidwa ndi maselo a epithelial a squamous.

Ndi mavuto ati omwe angachitike mu duodenum?

Popeza duodenum ili pafupi ndi m'mimba, imakhala yotheka kuwonongeka ngati kuchuluka kwa asidi m'mimba kukuwonjezeka. Asidi iyi ingayambitse zilonda zam'mimba, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti 'zilonda zam'mimba' , mu duodenum, komanso m'mimba. Pali zifukwa ziwiri zazikulu zomwe zimapangitsa izi:

• Matenda a bakiteriya otchedwa H. pylori . Taganizirani ngati bakiteriya kakang'ono, koipa m'mimba mwanu. Kangawononge chitetezo cha m'mimba ndi duodenum ndikuyambitsa zilonda.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso mankhwala ochepetsa ululu otchedwa 'NSAIDs' (mankhwala oletsa kutupa omwe si a steroidal) . Izi zikutanthauza mankhwala monga aspirin ndi ibuprofen. Nthawi zina timamwa izi chifukwa cha kupweteka kwa thupi ndi mutu. Koma ngati timwa mopitirira muyeso komanso mosalekeza, kuvulala kwamtunduwu kumatha kuchitika.

Chofunika: Ngati chilonda chosachiritsidwa chathyola mkati mwa duodenum ndikuwononga mtsempha wamagazi womwe uli kumbuyo kwake, wotchedwa gastroduodenal artery, chingayambitse kutuluka magazi kwambiri. Ili ndi vuto lomwe limafuna chithandizo chadzidzidzi.

Kuphatikiza apo, matenda ambiri omwe nthawi zambiri amakhudza matumbo ang'onoang'ono amathanso kukhudza duodenum. Zitsanzo zina ndi izi:

• Brunner's gland adenomas: Izi ndi zotupa zomwe si khansa (zosaopsa).
• Matenda a Crohn: Uwu ndi matenda omwe amayambitsa kutupa ndi kutupa kwa matumbo.
• Matenda a Celiac: Matenda omwe amayambitsa mavuto a m'mimba mukadya zakudya zomwe zili ndi gluten.
• Duodenal atresia: Matenda omwe duodenum imatsekeka kwathunthu pobadwa.
• Duodenal stenosis: Matenda omwe duodenum imachepa (koma siitsekedwa kwathunthu) akangobadwa.
• Khansa ya m'mimba: Khansa yomwe imayambira mu duodenum.
• Duodenal diverticulum: Kachikwama kakang'ono kooneka ngati thumba kuchokera pakhoma la duodenum. Kawirikawiri izi sizimayambitsa mavuto kapena zimafuna chithandizo pokhapokha ngati zayamba kudwala ndi kutupa (diverticulitis).
• Duodenitis: Kutupa kwa duodenum.
• Kutsekeka kwa matumbo ang'onoang'ono: Ichi ndi vuto lachipatala. Chigawo cha matumbo ang'onoang'ono, kuphatikizapo duodenum, chimatsekeka kwathunthu kapena pang'ono.

Kodi zizindikiro za vuto ndi duodenum ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro zimadalira mtundu wa vuto lomwe muli nalo. Koma kawirikawiri, zizindikiro za vuto mu duodenum zimafanana ndi zizindikiro za mavuto ena m'thupi lathu (`(GI tract)`). Zingaphatikizepo:

• Kupweteka m'mimba
• Kutupa ndi mpweya
• Kudzimbidwa
• Kutsegula m'mimba
• Kusanza ndi kusanza
• Kusadya bwino mutatha kudya
• Kusanza magazi kapena kutulutsa magazi m'chimbudzi (izi zitha kukhala chizindikiro cha kutuluka magazi kuchokera pabala)

Kodi mayeso ofala omwe amachitidwa kuti aone ngati duodenum ili bwino ndi ati?

Ngati dokotala akuganiza kuti muli ndi vuto ndi duodenum yanu, akhoza kuchita mayeso monga awa:

• Kuyeza mpweya kuti muwone ngati pali matenda a H. pylori.
• Njira zojambulira kuti aone ngati pali zotupa ndi kutupa mkati mwa duodenum - mwachitsanzo, ultrasound, X-ray, CT scan, ndi MRI.
• Mayeso omwe amaphatikizapo kulowetsa chubu chokhala ndi kamera ('scope') mu duodenum kuti muyang'ane mkati mwake - monga ``enteroscopy`` ndi ``upper endoscopy``.
• Mayeso a biopsy (omwe amaphatikizapo kutenga chidutswa chaching'ono cha minofu ndikuchiyang'ana) amachitidwa kuti awone ngati pali zotupa zosazolowereka, monga khansa.

Kodi ndi mankhwala otani omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a duodenum?

Chithandizo chimadaliranso ndi vutolo. Mankhwala ofala kwambiri ndi awa:

• Mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga H. pylori amaperekedwa.
• Mankhwala a Corticosteroids amaperekedwa kuti achepetse kutupa kwakukulu.
• Mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa asidi m'mimba kapena kuchepetsa asidi m'mimba - mwachitsanzo , zoletsa ma proton pump (PPIs) , zoletsa ma histamine receptor (H2 blockers) , ndi mankhwala oletsa asidi .
• Maopaleshoni okonza mavuto a kapangidwe ka thupi kapena kuchiza khansa - chitsanzo ndi njira ya Whipple .

Kodi ndingatani kuti duodenum yanga ikhale yathanzi? (Uthenga Wopita Kunyumba)

Duodenum ndi gawo la dongosolo lathu lonse la m'mimba. Chifukwa chake, zizolowezi zabwino zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dongosolo lonse likhale lathanzi ndizonso zabwino kwa duodenum. Nazi zinthu zosavuta zomwe mungachite:

• Sankhani chakudya chomwe chimathandiza kuti kugaya chakudya chanu kugwire bwino ntchito.
• Idyani zakudya zambiri zokhala ndi ulusi wambiri (masamba, zipatso, nyemba, ndi tirigu wonse).
• Imwani madzi ambiri. Zonsezi zidzakuthandizani kuti matumbo anu aziyenda bwino komanso kupewa kutsekeka kwa matumbo anu ang'onoang'ono.
• Kudya zakudya ndi ndiwo zamasamba zopanda asidi kungathandize kuti asidi akhale wabwino m'matumbo.
• Pewani zinthu zomwe zingawononge matumbo anu.
• Kusuta fodya ndi kumwa mowa wambiri kungawononge ziwalo za m'mimba mwathu, kuphatikizapo duodenum.
• Kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa ululu monga NSAIDs pafupipafupi komanso mopitirira muyeso kungayambitse zilonda zopweteka.
• Ngati muli ndi vuto la m'mimba, musanyalanyaze zizindikiro zake.
• Zinthu monga kusintha kwa chizolowezi chanu cha m'mimba, kusapeza bwino m'mimba, kapena kusagaya bwino chakudya zingachepe pakatha masiku ochepa. Komabe, nthawi zina zingakhale chenjezo kuti muyenera kusintha moyo wanu kapena kuonana ndi dokotala.
• Ngati muli ndi vuto la kugaya chakudya lomwe silikutha nthawi zonse, musazengereze kufunafuna thandizo.

Pomaliza: Thupi lathu logaya chakudya ndi lomwe limatithandiza kugaya chakudya chomwe timadya, kuyamwa michere, ndikuchotsa zinyalala zotsala m'thupi lathu. Ngakhale duodenum ndi gawo laling'ono la dongosololi, limagwira ntchito yayikulu pa ntchito ziwiri zazikuluzikuluzi - kugaya chakudya ndi kuyamwa michere . Chifukwa chake, samalirani duodenum yanu. Njira yabwino yochitira izi ndikusamalira thanzi lanu lonse la kugaya chakudya. Dyetsani thupi lanu chakudya chopatsa thanzi. Kenako duodenum imatha kugaya chakudyacho, kuchiyamwa, ndikuthandiza thupi lanu kupeza mphamvu.

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