Kodi 'epithelium' iyi yomwe ili paliponse m'thupi lathu ndi chiyani? Tiyeni timvetse mosavuta!

Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo momwe khungu lathu limatitetezera? Kapena momwe timayamwira zakudya kuchokera ku chakudya chomwe timadya, kapena momwe timatetezera zinthu monga fumbi m'matupi athu tikamapuma? Minofu yapaderayi yomwe tikambirane lero ikugwirizana ndi zonsezi. Imatchedwa epithelium . Mwina munamvapo mawu awa kuchokera kwa dokotala. Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tiwone chomwe chili, komwe chili m'thupi, ndi zomwe chimachita.

Kodi Epithelium ndi chiyani? Mwachidule...

Epithelium ndi mtundu wapadera wa minofu m'thupi lathu . Taganizirani izi, imaphimba pafupifupi malo aliwonse mkati ndi kunja kwa thupi lathu, imaphimba mkati mwa mabowo ndi ziwalo zopanda kanthu, komanso ndi minofu yayikulu m'matenda athu.

Tsopano mwina mukudabwa, kodi minofu ya epithelial iyi imachita chiyani m'thupi lathu? Kwenikweni, imagwira ntchito zambiri kutengera komwe ili . Zofunika kwambiri ndi kuteteza, kutulutsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana, komanso kuyamwa zinthu zofunika .

Mwina mukudziwa kuti pali mitundu inayi ikuluikulu ya minofu m'thupi lathu:

• Minofu ya epithelial
• Minofu yolumikizirana
• Minofu ya minofu
• Minofu ya mitsempha

Mwa izi, minofu ya epithelial ndi yofunika kwambiri. Chifukwa ngati chinachake chikufunika kulowa kapena kutuluka m'ziwalo zathu, choyamba chiyenera kudutsa mu minofu ya epithelial iyi .

Mungathe kuganiza kuti minofu ya epithelial iyi imapezeka m'malo angati m'thupi lathu. Nazi zitsanzo zingapo:

• Chigawo chakunja cha khungu lanu (epidermis)
• Chipinda chamkati mwa matumbo anu
• Chipinda chamkati mwa njira zanu zopumira
• Chipinda chamkati mwa mimba yanu
• Thukuta lanu

Minofu ya epithelial ili paliponse.

Kotero, kodi maselo a epithelial ndi chiyani?

Zosavuta kwambiri. Minofu ya epithelial imapangidwa ndi maselo a epithelial . Maselo awa akhoza kukhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, ndipo amatha kukonzedwa mu gawo limodzi kapena m'magawo angapo. Zimatengera komwe maselo ali m'thupi komanso mtundu wa ntchito yomwe amagwira.

Mu biology, selo ndi gawo laling'ono kwambiri la moyo lomwe lingathe kukhala lokha. Matupi athu amapangidwa ndi mathililiyoni a maselo amenewa. Selo nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi zigawo zitatu zazikulu:

• Nembanemba ya selo: Ichi ndi chophimba chozungulira selo. Chimalamulira zomwe zimalowa ndi kutuluka mu selo.
• Chitoliro: Ichi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la selo. Lili ndi zambiri zokhudza majini a selo, kapena DNA .
• Saitoplasm:Ichi ndi gawo lamadzimadzi mkati mwa selo. Lili ndi zigawo zina za selo, kapangidwe kakang'ono kamene kamagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

Mitundu ina ya maselo, makamaka maselo a epithelial, ili ndi mapangidwe apadera pamwamba pake omwe amawathandiza kugwira ntchito zawo. Nazi zitsanzo zina:

• Microvilli: Izi zili ngati zala zazing'ono zomwe zimatuluka pamwamba pa maselo. Koma sizisuntha. Ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikuwonjezera malo a pamwamba pa selo. Izi zimathandiza selo kuyamwa zinthu zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, maselo a epithelial m'matumbo anu ang'onoang'ono ali ndi microvilli zikwizikwi izi . Izi ndi zomwe zimakuthandizani kuyamwa michere kuchokera muzakudya zomwe mumadya, komanso zimathandiza kuteteza thupi lanu ku mabakiteriya m'matumbo mwanu.
• Cilia: Izi ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri, zofanana ndi tsitsi, zoyenda. Zimapezeka pamwamba pa maselo. Zitha kusuntha selo lonse, kapena kusuntha zinthu kunja kwa selo. Selo yokhala ndi cilia nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi ma cilia mazana ambiri. Taganizirani izi, maselo a epithelial m'njira yanu yopumira amakhala ndi ma cilia awa . Mukapuma fumbi ndi tinthu tina, timagwidwa mu ma cilia awa, kuwasuntha kupita kumphuno, kuwateteza kuti asalowe m'mapapo. Chitsanzo china ndi maselo a epithelial m'machubu a Fallopian a akazi. Izi zimathandiza kusuntha dzira kuchokera ku ovary kupita ku chiberekero.
• Stereocilia: Izi kwenikweni ndi mtundu wapadera wa microvilli. Koma zimafanana ndi cilia. Komanso ndi zooneka kuchokera pamwamba pa maselo ena a epithelial. Stereocilia izi ndizofunikira kuti mumve bwino komanso kuti minofu ya epithelial ya khutu lanu lamkati ikhale yolimba .

Ndi mitundu iti ya maselo a epithelial omwe alipo?

Popeza minofu ya epithelial imagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, pali mitundu ingapo ya maselo a epithelial, kutengera komwe ali. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili.

Mitundu ya maselo a epithelial malinga ndi mawonekedwe

Pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya maselo kutengera mawonekedwe awo:

• Epithelium ya squamous: Maselo awa ndi athyathyathya, ngati tsamba.
• Epithelium ya Cuboidal: Maselo awa ali ndi mawonekedwe a cuboidal, kutanthauza kuti ali ndi kutalika, m'lifupi, ndi kuya komweko.
• Epithelium ya Columnar: Maselo awa amaoneka ngati chipilala, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndi aatali kuposa momwe alili otakata.

Mitundu kutengera momwe maselo amakonzedwera

Minofu ya epithelial imasiyananso ndi momwe maselo amakonzedwera:

• Zosavuta: Epithelium yosavuta ndi yomwe ili ndi gawo limodzi lokha la maselo .
• Yokhala ndi ma stratified: Epithelium yokhala ndi ma stratified imapangidwa ndi maselo oposa limodzi .
• Zabodza:Iyi ndi yapadera pang'ono. Chifukwa maselo amasonkhana pamodzi, ndipo amabwera m'makulidwe osiyanasiyana, zikuwoneka kuti pali zigawo zambiri. Koma kwenikweni pali gawo limodzi lokha la maselo .

Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya maselo a epithelial m'thupi lanu ndi iti?

Tsopano, pophatikiza mawonekedwe omwe takambirana pamwambapa ndi momwe zigawo za maselo zimakhazikitsidwira, titha kuzindikira mitundu ingapo ya minofu ya epithelial. Nazi zina mwa izo:

• Epithelium yosavuta ya squamous: Mtundu uwu nthawi zambiri umazungulira mitsempha yamagazi ndi mabowo a thupi ndipo umalamulira kupita kwa zinthu kupita ku minofu yapansi.
• Epithelium yosavuta ya cuboidal: Izi nthawi zambiri zimapezeka mu minofu ya glandular (yomwe imapanga kutulutsa) ndi machubu a impso.
• Epithelium yosavuta: Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zapadera kuti zilowe m'thupi. Maselo amenewa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi cilia kapena microvil pamwamba pake. Maselo amenewa ali m'mimba ndi m'matumbo mwanu.
• Epithelium ya squamous yokhala ndi ma stratified: Mtundu uwu wa minofu nthawi zambiri umagwira ntchito zoteteza. Mwachitsanzo, kuteteza minofu ya pansi pa khungu ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena kuwonongeka ndi madzi. Gawo lakunja la khungu lanu (epidermis) limapangidwa ndi maselo a epithelial a squamous okhala ndi ma stratified.
• Epithelium ya cuboidal yolumikizidwa ndi stratified: Mtundu uwu si wofala kwambiri. Umapezeka m'mitsempha yotulutsa madzi m'malovu ndi m'maselo a thukuta.
• Epithelium ya stratified columnar: Izi sizimapezeka kawirikawiri. Zimapezeka mu mucous membrane (conjunctiva) yomwe imaphimba zikope zanu. Zimateteza komanso zimatulutsa mamina.
• Pseudostratified columnar epithelium: Mtundu uwu umakhala m'njira yanu yopumira ya m'mwamba. Nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi cilia yambiri.

Maselo a epithelial omwe ali ndi ntchito zapadera

Pali maselo ena a epithelial omwe angagawidwe m'magulu malinga ndi ntchito zawo.

• Transitional epithelium: Imatchedwanso urothelium . Imapangidwa ndi zigawo zingapo za maselo. Chinthu chapadera pa izi ndichakuti ikatambasulidwa, maselowa amatambasuka. Amazungulira mbali yaikulu ya mkodzo wanu . Ndi minofu yomwe imalola chikhodzodzo chanu kukula.
• Epithelium ya glandular:Mtundu uwu wa epithelium ndi wapadera popanga ndi kutulutsa zinthu. Izi zimapezeka m'maselo anu. Maselo ndi ziwalo zapadera zomwe zimatha kupanga, kusunga, ndi/kapena kutulutsa zinthu monga mahomoni, mapuloteni, ndi madzi.
• Epithelium ya fungo: Iyi ili mkati mwa mphuno yanu. Ili ndi maselo olandirira fungo . Maselo awa ali ndi mapangidwe ataliatali, apadera otchedwa cilia. Mukapuma, mamolekyu a fungo amagwidwa mu cilia pamene akudutsa pamwamba pa epithelium iyi. Chidziwitso chokhudza mamolekyu amenewo chimayenda kuchokera ku ma receptor kupita ku babu la fungo muubongo wanu. Pamenepo ndi pomwe ubongo wanu umatanthauzira fungo limenelo.

Ndiye, kodi n’chiyani kwenikweni chimachitika ku minofu ya epithelial? (Ntchito zake)

Tsopano mutha kuona kufunika kwa minofu ya epithelial m'thupi lathu. Imagwira ntchito zingapo zofunika kwambiri pa moyo wathu. Popeza maselo a epithelial amapezeka m'thupi lonse, ntchito yawo ndi cholinga chawo zimasiyana malinga ndi komwe ali.

Minofu ya epithelial imagwira ntchito imodzi kapena zingapo mwa izi:

• Chitetezo: Minofu ya epithelial imateteza ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi lathu. Mwachitsanzo, khungu lanu limapangidwa ndi minofu ya epithelial . Imateteza minofu, mitsempha yamagazi, minofu, ndi ziwalo zamkati mkati mwa thupi lanu. Mofananamo, cilia pa maselo a epithelial omwe ali m'matumbo anu amateteza thupi lanu lonse ku mabakiteriya m'matumbo.
• Kutulutsa: Minofu ya epithelium m'matenda anu (glandular epithelium) imatha kutulutsa ma enzyme, mahomoni, ndi madzi osiyanasiyana.
• Kuyamwa: Minofu ya epithelial yomwe ili m'ziwalo zanu zamkati, monga chiwindi ndi mapapo, imatha kuyamwa zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, epithelial mkati mwa matumbo anu imayamwa michere kuchokera muzakudya zomwe mumadya .
• Kutulutsa: Kutulutsa ndi njira yochotsera zinyalala m'thupi. Minofu ya epithelial yomwe ili mu impso zanu imatulutsa zinyalala . Ndipo minofu ya epithelial yomwe ili mu thukuta lanu imatulutsa thukuta.
• Kusefa: Epithelium yomwe ili m'njira yanu yopumira imayeretsa mpweya womwe mumapuma potulutsa fumbi ndi tinthu ta dothi . Mofananamo, minofu ya epithelium yomwe ili m'impso zanu imasefa magazi anu.
• Kufalikira: Mu biology, kufalikira ndi kuyenda kwa mamolekyu kapena tinthu tating'onoting'ono kuchokera kudera lokhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kupita kudera lokhala ndi kuchuluka kochepa. Nembanemba yosavuta yopangidwa ndi maselo a epithelial imangolola zinthu zosankhidwa kudutsamo. Njira yofalikira iyi imathandizira pa ntchito monga kusefa, kuyamwa, ndi kutulutsa.
• Kulandira kwa kumverera:Matupi athu amalandira chidziwitso cha kumva kuchokera kunja chifukwa cha mitsempha ya kumva yomwe ili mu minofu ya epithelial. Mwachitsanzo, stereocilia pamwamba pa minofu ya epithelial m'khutu lanu ndi yofunika kwambiri kuti mumve bwino komanso kuti mukhale bwino . Mofananamo, zokometsera pa lilime lanu zimakhala mu epithelium ya squamous ya lilime lanu.

Kodi ndi matenda ati omwe amakhudza minofu ya epithelial?

Chiwopsezo chachikulu cha minofu ya epithelial ndi kuthekera kokhala ndi matenda a khansa, makamaka mitundu ya khansa monga adenocarcinoma kapena papillary thyroid carcinoma .

Adenocarcinoma ndi mtundu wa khansa womwe umakhudza minofu ya epithelial ya glandular yomwe imazungulira ziwalo. Ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa khansa womwe umayamba m'ziwalo. Izi zili choncho chifukwa:

• Khansa zambiri za prostate
• Khansa zambiri za m'mawere
• Pafupifupi 96% ya khansa ya m'matumbo
• Pafupifupi 95% ya khansa ya kapamba
• Khansa ya m'mapapo yopanda maselo ang'onoang'ono imapanga pafupifupi 40% ya khansa yonse ya m'mapapo.

Khansa ya papillary thyroid carcinoma imayambitsa pafupifupi 80% ya khansa ya chithokomiro. Khansa yamtunduwu imakula pang'onopang'ono. Ngakhale itafalikira ku ma lymph nodes m'khosi, matendawa amachira bwino akalandira chithandizo. Ndi ochiritsika kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri sapha.

Kuwonjezera pa khansa, mavuto ena okhudzana ndi minofu ya epithelial amatha kuchitika m'ziwalo zosiyanasiyana. Zina mwa matenda ofala kwambiri ndi awa:

• Mphumu: Mphumu ndi vuto lomwe njira zanu zopumira zimachepa, kutupa, ndipo mwina zimatulutsa mamina ambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, epithelium ya bronchial ya njira zopumira imasintha ndipo imakhala yofooka.
• Matenda a Celiac: Munthu amene ali ndi matenda a celiac akadya gluten (puloteni yomwe imapezeka mu tirigu wina), chitetezo chamthupi chimaukira ndikuwononga microvilli m'maselo a epithelial omwe ali m'matumbo mwake. Izi zimapangitsa kuti matumbo azivutika kuyamwa michere bwino.
• Mitundu ya Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 1-4: HPV ingayambitse ziphuphu pa maselo a epithelial omwe ali kunja kwa khungu lanu (epidermis).
• Chizungulire: Chizungulire ndi vuto lomwe limayambitsa kugwedezeka. Likhoza kukhala ndi zifukwa zingapo. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zake ndi kuchulukana kwa maselo a epithelial omwe ali mkati mwa khutu lanu (otchedwa cholesteatoma ). Ngati sichinachiritsidwe, chingayambitse chizungulire (mavuto ogwirizana) komanso mavuto akumva.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amayesa maselo a epithelial?

Popeza maselo a epithelial amapezeka m'malo angapo ofunikira m'thupi lathu, pali mitundu ingapo ya mayeso omwe amafufuza maselo a epithelial kuti awone ngati ali ndi matenda enaake. Mu zamankhwala, matenda ndi kufufuza maselo m'thupi kapena zitsanzo zamadzimadzi mu labotale kuti adziwe matenda. Wasayansi amene amafufuza maselo amenewa amatchedwa katswiri wa matenda .

Zitsanzo zina za mayeso okhudzana ndi minofu ya epithelial:

• Maselo a Epithelial mu mkodzo: Kuyesa mkodzo ndi mayeso omwe amayesa zinthu zosiyanasiyana mu mkodzo wanu. Gawo lina la izi ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo a epithelial mu mkodzo. Katswiri wa labu adzayang'ana chitsanzo cha mkodzo wanu pansi pa maikulosikopu kuti awone ngati chiwerengero cha maselo a epithelial chili mkati mwa mulingo woyenera. Ndizachilendo kukhala ndi maselo angapo a epithelial mu mkodzo wanu. Koma ngati muli nawo ambiri, izi zitha kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda, matenda a impso, kapena vuto lina lalikulu .
• Kuyeza kwa Pap smear / Pap: Kuyeza kwa Pap ndi kuyesa kofufuza maselo osazolowereka a epithelial m'chiberekero omwe ali ndi khansa kapena omwe angakhale khansa. Mu mayeso awa, dokotala amatenga chitsanzo cha maselo ochokera ku chiberekero ndikuwayang'ana pansi pa maikulosikopu.
• Mayeso ena a biopsy: Biopsy ndi kufufuza (nthawi zambiri pansi pa maikulosikopu) minofu yochotsedwa m'thupi kuti aone zizindikiro za matenda. Pali mitundu ingapo ya biopsy yomwe imafufuza maselo a epithelial. Mwachitsanzo, biopsy ya prostate imaphatikizapo kutenga maselo a epithelial kuchokera ku prostate ndi singano ndikuyang'ana zizindikiro za khansa. Biopsy ya matenda a celiac imaphatikizapo kutenga maselo a epithelial kuchokera mu matumbo ang'onoang'ono kudzera mu endoscopy ndikuyang'ana kuwonongeka kwa microvilli m'maselo.
• Mayeso ena a Cytology (Mayeso a Cytology / Cytopathology): Cytology ndi kufufuza maselo ochokera ku minofu ya thupi kapena madzi kuti apeze matenda. Pali mayeso ambiri a cytology okhudzana ndi maselo a epithelial, monga cytology ya akazi, cytology ya chithokomiro, cytology yopuma, ndi cytology ya maso.

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa epithelium, endothelium, ndi mesothelium ndi kotani?

Mayina atatuwa akhoza kukhala osokoneza chifukwa amamveka mofanana pang'ono. Epithelium, endothelium , ndi mesothelium ndi mitundu itatu ya zigawo za maselo a epithelial zomwe zimazungulira ziwalo zathu zamkati, mabowo a thupi, ndikupanga gawo lakunja la khungu lathu.

• Epithelium nthawi zambiri imatsekereza njira zomwe zimatsegulira malo akunja, mwachitsanzo njira yanu yopumira komanso njira yogayira chakudya.
• Endothelium nthawi zambiri imazungulira njira zonse zamkati mwa thupi, mwachitsanzo dongosolo lanu la magazi (mitsempha yamagazi) ndi cornea ya diso lanu.
• Mesothelium imaphimba mabowo akuluakulu a thupi lanu. Mwachitsanzo, m'mimba (peritoneum), m'mapapo (pleura), ndi m'mtima (pericardium). Mesothelium imatulutsa madzi opaka otchedwa serous fluid .

Minofu ya epithelial ndi mtundu wa minofu yomwe imagwira ntchito zambiri zofunika kwambiri pa ntchito ya thupi lanu komanso thanzi lanu. Mwina mwamvapo dokotala wanu akugwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "epithelium" akamalankhula za mayeso enaake kapena mitundu ya khansa. Pali mawu ambiri ovuta komanso achilendo ngati awa m'magawo azachipatala. Ngati simukudziwa bwino mawu omwe dokotala wanu amagwiritsa ntchito, musaope kumufunsa tanthauzo lake.

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe muyenera kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Kotero, ndikukhulupirira kuti muli ndi lingaliro losavuta lokhudza 'epithelium' iyi yomwe takambirana lero.

• Epithelium ndi minofu yapadera yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati chophimba ndipo imapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse m'thupi lathu. Imapezeka m'malo monga pakhungu, m'matumbo, ndi m'njira yopumira.
• Izi zimagwira ntchito zambiri zofunika, monga kuteteza, kutulutsa, ndi kuyamwa .
• Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo a epithelial kutengera mawonekedwe awo ndi kapangidwe kawo.
• Matenda ena, makamaka khansa , angakhudze minofu ya epithelial iyi, ndipo amagwirizanitsidwanso ndi matenda monga mphumu ndi matenda a celiac.
• Thanzi la maselo amenewa lingathe kuoneka kudzera mu mayeso osiyanasiyana (mayeso a mkodzo, ma Pap smears, ma biopsies) .

Kudziwa bwino thupi lanu kudzakuthandizani kwambiri kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino. Choncho, khalani ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa zambiri za zinthu izi.

epithelium , maselo a epithelial, minofu, chophimba thupi, glands, chitetezo, kutulutsa, kuyamwa, mitundu ya maselo, squamous, cuboidal, columnar, stratified, simple, pseudostratified, khansa, adenocarcinoma, pap smear