Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ku fyuluta yanu ya impso? Tiyeni tiphunzire za Matenda a Glomerular!

Kodi munayamba mwamvapo ngati mukumwa mkodzo wochita thovu? Kapena mumamva kutupa pang'ono pankhope ndi m'maso mukadzuka m'mawa? Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha vuto la kachitidwe kakang'ono kosefera mu impso zathu, kotchedwa glomeruli. Lero tikambirana za vutoli lotchedwa Matenda a Glomerular.

Kodi Matenda a Glomerular ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, Matenda a Glomerular ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha matenda enaake omwe amakhudza glomeruli, yomwe ndi netiweki ya mitsempha yamagazi yaying'ono mu impso zathu, zomwe ndi 'mayunitsi osefera' a impso. Ma glomeruli amenewa ndi omwe amasefa zinyalala kuchokera m'magazi athu ndikuchotsa madzi ochulukirapo. Chifukwa chake, ma glomeruli awa akawonongeka ndipo sangathe kugwira ntchito bwino, timawatcha Matenda a Glomerular.

Matenda ndi zinthu zambiri zimatha kuwononga ma glomeruli awa. Pali mawu awiri akuluakulu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza kuwonongeka kumeneku:

• Glomerulonephritis: Uku ndi kutupa kapena kutupa kwa glomeruli.
• Glomerulosclerosis: Uku ndi kukhuthala kapena kukhuthala kwa glomeruli.

Matenda a Glomerular amatha kuwononga impso zanu, ndipo nthawi zina, amathanso kupangitsa kuti impso zilephere kugwira ntchito . Choncho ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa izi.

Kodi ma glomeruli awa omwe ali mu impso zathu amachita chiyani?

Taganizirani izi motere: impso zathu zili ngati zosefera ziwiri zazikulu m'thupi lathu. Ziwalo ziwirizi zooneka ngati nyemba zili mbali zonse ziwiri za msana wathu, pansi pa nthiti zathu.

Magazi amalowa mu impso zathu kudzera m'mitsempha. Akalowa mu impso, mitsempha iyi imagawikana kwambiri ndipo magazi amalowa mu netiweki ya mitsempha yamagazi yaying'ono, yonga maukonde yotchedwa glomeruli. Glomerulus iliyonse (mawu amodzi) imalumikizidwa ndi njira yaying'ono yosonkhanitsira madzi, yotchedwa tubule . Tikuitcha glomerulus imodzi ndi tubule kuti nephron . Akuti pali ma nephrons otere pafupifupi miliyoni imodzi mu impso imodzi. Kodi mungaganizire dongosolo lotere losavuta!

Glomeruli yogwira ntchito bwino imasunga maselo ndi mapuloteni m'magazi. Chifukwa ndi zomwe thupi lathu limafunikira. Nthawi yomweyo, glomeruli imasefa zinyalala ndi madzi owonjezera ndikutumiza madziwo ku thireyi. Ndicho chomwe chimapangidwa pambuyo pake ngati mkodzo. Kenako mkodzo umadutsa m'machubu akuluakulu otchedwa ureters ndikusonkhana mu chikhodzodzo.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ku ntchito ya impso matenda a glomerular akayamba?

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone zomwe zimachitika Matenda a Glomerular akayamba. Matendawa amawononga Glomeruli. Kenako sagwira ntchito bwino.

Chomwe chiyenera kuchitika ndichakuti mapuloteni ndi maselo ofiira a magazi azisungidwa m'magazi. Komabe, zina mwa zinthuzi zimayamba kutuluka mumkodzo kuchokera ku glomeruli yowonongeka. Ntchito imodzi ya puloteni m'magazi, monga albumin , ndikutenga madzi owonjezera kuchokera m'thupi kupita m'magazi ndikuwathandiza kuti asefedwe ndi impso ndikutulutsidwa ngati mkodzo. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni m'magazi kukachepa, madzi owonjezerawa amayamba kusonkhana m'thupi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake madera monga nkhope, manja, miyendo, mimba, ndi akakolo amatupa.

Komanso, ma glomeruli owonongeka sangathe kusefa zinyalala bwino. Kenako zinyalalazo zimayamba kusonkhana m'magazi. Izi sizothandiza thupi konse.

Kodi matenda a glomerular ndi chiyani?

Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zingayambitse Matenda a Glomerular. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zimayambitsa:

• Matenda, mankhwala kapena mankhwala omwe amawononga impso zanu, kapena ngakhale mankhwala omwe timamwa angakhudze impso.
• Matenda omwe amakhudza thupi lonse, kuphatikizapo omwe amakhudza impso. Mwachitsanzo , matenda a shuga kapena lupus .
• Matenda omwe amayambitsa kutupa kapena zipsera za nephron kapena glomerulus.
• Nthawi zina, sizingatheke kupeza chifukwa. Pali nthawi zina zotere.

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a glomerular ndi ziti?

Chabwino, tsopano tiyeni tiwone zizindikiro za matendawa. Ngati muli ndi chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa zizindikirozi, muyenera kuda nkhawa:

• Mkodzo wokhala ndi thovu: Izi zikutanthauza kuti mumkodzo wanu muli mapuloteni. Timatcha izi kuti proteinuria .
• Mkodzo wa pinki kapena wofiirira pang'ono: Izi zikutanthauza kuti muli magazi mu mkodzo. Izi zimatchedwa hematuria .
• Kutupa mozungulira nkhope/maso (makamaka m'mawa), manja, mapazi, kapena akakolo (makamaka kumapeto kwa tsiku). Kutupa kumeneku kumatchedwa edema .
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi (BP).

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro ngati izi, ndi bwino kupita kwa dokotala ndikupempha upangiri.

Kodi madokotala amazindikira bwanji matendawa molondola?

Mukapita kwa dokotala, choyamba adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu ndikukuyang'anirani mosamala. Kenako angakuyezeni mayeso ena monga:

• Kusanthula mkodzo:Izi zimafufuza kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni mu mkodzo, ngati pali maselo ofiira a magazi, komanso momwe kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera a magazi kulili (izi zingathandize kudziwa ngati pali matenda kapena kutupa).
• Mayeso a magazi: Izi zimayesa kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni m'magazi, kuchuluka kwa creatinine (komwe kumapereka lingaliro la momwe impso zimagwirira ntchito), ndi kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni wa urea (chinthu chotayira). Amawerengeranso Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) , yomwe ndi muyeso wa momwe impso zanu zimasefera zinyalala.

Ngati mayeso a labu awa akusonyeza kuti impso zanu zawonongeka, dokotala wanu angakupatseni mayeso ena:

• Kuyezetsa magazi kwina: Kufufuza ngati pali matenda kapena matenda odziteteza ku matenda ena.
• Mayeso ojambulira: Mayeso monga ultrasound amatha kuwona zolakwika zilizonse mu mawonekedwe kapena kukula kwa impso.
• Kufufuza za Impso: Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga chidutswa chaching'ono cha minofu kuchokera ku impso pogwiritsa ntchito singano ndikuchiyang'ana pansi pa maikulosikopu. Izi zithandiza kudziwa chomwe chikuvuta.

Matenda osiyanasiyana ndi mankhwala omwe amayambitsa matenda a Glomerular

Matenda ambiri angayambitse Matenda a Glomerular. Cholinga chachikulu cha chithandizo ndikupeza chomwe chimayambitsa ndikuchichiza, ngati n'kotheka. Izi zitha kupewa kuwonongeka kwina kwa impso. Tsopano tiyeni tiwone matenda ena akuluakulu omwe amayambitsa Matenda a Glomerular, pamodzi ndi zitsanzo ndi mankhwala.

Matenda Odziteteza Kuthupi

Izi ndi matenda omwe chitetezo cha mthupi lanu chimaukira thupi lanu. Matendawa amatha kukhudza thupi lonse, kapena amatha kukhudza ziwalo zina m'thupi. Nazi matenda ena omwe amakhudza impso:

• Matenda a Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) (omwe amadziwikanso kuti lupus): Matendawa amatha kukhudza ziwalo zambiri za thupi. Akakhudza impso, amayambitsa matenda otchedwa lupus nephritis . Uku ndi kutupa kwa glomeruli. Kutupa kumeneku kumayambitsa zipsera ndipo impso zimasiya kugwira ntchito bwino. Chithandizo chimaphatikizapo mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi monga Mycophenolate Mofetil kapena Cyclophosphamide , pamodzi ndi corticosteroid yotchedwa Prednisolone .
• Matenda a Goodpasture:Matendawa a autoimmune amaukira impso ndi mapapo. Mu impso, amayambitsa glomerulonephritis, yomwe ndi kutupa kwa glomeruli. Izi zitha kuwononga impso kwamuyaya. Chithandizo chimaphatikizapo mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi ndi plasmapheresis (yomwe imachotsa ma antibodies omwe akuukira thupi lanu) .
• IgA Nephropathy: Mu matenda a autoimmune awa, antibody yotchedwa Immunoglobulin A (IgA) yochokera ku chitetezo chamthupi chanu imayikidwa yokha mu glomeruli. Ma depositi amenewa amayambitsa kutupa. Chithandizo chimaphatikizapo mankhwala monga Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) kapena Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) .

Matenda a Nephritis Ochokera ku Cholowa

• Matenda a Alport: Uwu ndi matenda obadwa nawo. Ungayambitse kulephera kumva kapena kuona bwino limodzi ndi matenda osatha a glomerular. Umakhudza amuna ndi akazi. Amuna amakhala ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza matenda osatha a impso. Umapezeka ali ndi zaka makumi awiri. Pofika zaka 40, impso zimatha kukhala zosagwira ntchito bwino. Mankhwala oletsa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndiwo mankhwala.

Matenda a Glomerular Okhudzana ndi Matenda

Nthawi zina, matenda a glomerular amatha kufalikira mwachangu pambuyo pa matenda ena m'thupi.

• Matenda a Glomerulonephritis Oopsa Pambuyo pa Matenda (PIGN): Matenda a glomerular awa amapezeka pambuyo pa matenda a pakhosi (Strep throat) kapena matenda a pakhungu otchedwa Impetigo (izi sizichitika kawirikawiri). Chitetezo cha mthupi chimapanga ma antibodies ambiri kuposa momwe amafunikira kuti amenyane ndi matendawa. Ma antibodies amenewa amapita ku glomeruli ndikuwononga. Nthawi zambiri, palibe chithandizo chapadera chomwe chikufunika. Komabe, nthawi zina, dialysis ya impso kapena kusintha impso kungakhale kofunikira.
• Matenda a Bacterial Endocarditis: Uwu ndi matenda omwe amakhudza mtima. Ofufuza sakudziwa ngati zilonda zomwe zili mu impso zimachitika chifukwa cha momwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimayankhira matendawa kapena chifukwa cha njira ina yochizira matenda. Mankhwala opha tizilombo amaperekedwa ngati chithandizo.
• Mavairasi: Hepatitis B , Hepatitis C ndiMatenda a glomerular amathanso kuyambitsidwa ndi matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi monga kachilombo ka HIV. Mankhwala apadera amapezeka pa matenda aliwonse.

Matenda a Sclerotic - Matenda omwe amayambitsa zipsera

• Glomerulosclerosis: Vutoli ndi zipsera (sclerosis) za glomeruli. Lupus ndi matenda a shuga ndi zitsanzo ziwiri za matenda omwe angayambitse glomerulosclerosis.
• Matenda a shuga otchedwa Diabetes-Related Nephropathy: Ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha matenda a glomerular komanso kulephera kwathunthu kwa impso ku United States. Matenda a shuga otchedwa nephropathy amachititsa kuti impso zipse ndipo amawonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Shuga imawonjezera kuyenda kwa magazi kupita ku impso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti glomeruli isagwire bwino ntchito komanso kuonjezera kuthamanga kwa magazi. Mankhwala ofala kwambiri ndi monga mankhwala ochepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi (makamaka angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) kapena angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) ), kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi.
• Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS): Matendawa amadziwika ndi zipsera (nthawi zambiri) m'mbali imodzi ya glomerulus. FSGS ikhoza kuyambitsidwa ndi matenda a m'thupi kapena chifukwa chosadziwika. Chithandizochi cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi cholesterol .

Matenda Ena a Glomerular

• Matenda a Membranous Nephropathy: Matendawa amatchedwanso Membranous Glomerulopathy . Ndi chifukwa chachiwiri chofala kwambiri cha matenda a nephropathy mwa akuluakulu ku United States, pambuyo pa matenda a shuga. Amagwirizanitsidwa ndi ma antigen/antibodies enaake. Matendawa amaukira nembanemba ya glomeruli. Anthu ena amachira popanda chithandizo. Mankhwala monga angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) , angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) , kapena calcineurin inhibitors nthawi zina amayesedwa.
• Matenda Osasintha Kwambiri (MCD): Uwu ndi mtundu wa nephropathy. Mu izi, akawunikidwa mu biopsy ya impso, palibe kusintha kulikonse mu kapangidwe ka glomeruli kapena minofu yozungulira.Pakhoza kukhala vuto la kukomoka kwa impso, koma palibe kuwonongeka kwa impso. MCD imatha kudwala munthu aliyense, koma imapezeka kwambiri mwa ana aang'ono. Chithandizo chimaphatikizapo kudya zakudya zopanda mchere wambiri komanso mankhwala oletsa ACE kapena ARB . Ma steroids nthawi zambiri amathandiza kuti vutoli lithe.

Kodi matenda a glomerular angayambitse kulephera kwa impso?

Inde, ngati impso zanu sizingathe kuchotsa zinyalala m'magazi anu, zimasonkhana m'thupi lanu. Kuchulukana kumeneku kungawononge impso zanu ndikuzipangitsa kuti zisiye kugwira ntchito. Kuchepa kwa ntchito kumeneku kungachitike mwadzidzidzi (mwadzidzidzi) kapena pang'onopang'ono komanso mosalekeza (kosatha). Kutengera mtundu wa matenda a glomerular, kugwira ntchito kwa impso kumatha kutayika m'masiku ochepa kapena milungu ingapo, kapena kungatenge zaka zambiri kuti kutha pang'onopang'ono.

• Kulephera kwa Impso Kwambiri (ARF): Uku ndi kutayika kwadzidzidzi kwa ntchito ya impso. ARF ikhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu, ndipo dialysis ingafunike ngati chithandizo chadzidzidzi kuti impso ibwezeretse ntchito yake. Kwa anthu ena, ntchito ya impso imabwereranso pambuyo poti chifukwa cha kulephera kwa impso chachiritsidwa. Palibe kuwonongeka kosatha. Komabe, anthu ena omwe achira ku ARF amatha kudwala matenda a impso osatha (CKD) .
• Matenda a Impso Osatha (CKD): Uku ndi kuchepa pang'onopang'ono kwa ntchito ya impso. Mwina simungakhale ndi zizindikiro kwa zaka zambiri. Matenda ena omwe amayambitsa CKD amatha kuthetsedwa, koma CKD singathe kuchiritsidwa. Impso zikawonongeka, sizingathe kukonzedwa. CKD ingayambitse kulephera kwa impso kwathunthu.
• Kulephera Kwathunthu kwa Impso: Kumatchedwanso Matenda a Impso Otsiriza (ESRD) . Izi zikutanthauza kuti impso zanu zasiya kugwira ntchito kwamuyaya. Ngati impso zanu zalephera kwathunthu, muyenera dialysis - kaya hemodialysis kapena peritoneal dialysis - kapena kuikidwa impso zina kuti mukhale ndi moyo.

Kodi ndiyenera kuyembekezera chiyani ngati ndili ndi matenda a Glomerular?

Kuzindikira msanga ndi chithandizo choyambirira nthawi zonse ndi njira zabwino kwambiri zopezera zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. Cholinga cha chithandizo ndikuletsa kuwonongeka kwa impso kapena kuwongolera kupita patsogolo kwake. Kumbukirani, kuzindikira msanga kungathandize. Ngati kuwonongeka kuli kwakukulu ndipo impso zalephera, njira yokhayo ndi dialysis kapena kuyika impso.

Kodi Matenda a Glomerular Angapewedwe?

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu chotenga matenda omwe amakhudza impso zanu ndikukhalabe ndi thanzi labwino. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Khalani ndi kulemera koyenera.
• Chepetsani kumwa mchere; musawonjezere mchere wowonjezera pa chakudya.
• Sungani kuthamanga kwa magazi anu mosamala. Cholinga chake ndi 120/80 mmHg.
• Ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga, samalani kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwanu.
• Imwani mankhwala onse omwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani monga momwe mwalangizidwira, ndipo tsatirani zolinga zonse zoyendetsera zomwe mwakambirana naye.
• Siyani kusuta.

Sizifukwa zonse zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a glomerular zomwe zingapewedwe. Komabe, mukangoyamba kuzindikira zizindikiro za matenda a glomerular, pitani kwa dokotala. Ndikofunikira kupeza zifukwa zomwe zingachiritsidwe ndikuyamba chithandizo mwachangu momwe mungathere. Chithandizo chingathandize kuwongolera kuwonongeka kwa impso zanu ndikuletsa kuti zisakule kwambiri.

Kodi Nephrosis kapena Nephrotic Syndrome ndi chiyani?

Nephrosis, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti nephrotic syndrome, ndi mndandanda wa zizindikiro. Mapuloteni ambiri m'magazi amatuluka mumkodzo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti madzi azisonkhana m'thupi. Zizindikiro zake ndi izi:

• Kutupa (edema), makamaka kuzungulira maso, miyendo ndi manja.
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi.
• Mafuta ambiri a cholesterol.
• Kuchepa kwa mapuloteni m'magazi.
• Kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni m'mkodzo.

Cholinga cha chithandizo ndi kuchiza chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli, ngati n'kotheka. Chithandizocho chimaphatikizapo:

• Mankhwala oletsa ma enzyme otembenuza angiotensin (ACE inhibitors) kapena angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) amaperekedwa kuti azitha kulamulira kuthamanga kwa magazi ndikuletsa mapuloteni kulowa mu mkodzo.
• Chepetsani mchere muzakudya zanu.
• Mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya madzi m'thupi amaperekedwa kuti achepetse kusunga madzi m'thupi.
• Mankhwala a Corticosteroids kapena mankhwala ena oletsa chitetezo chamthupi amaperekedwa.
• Mankhwala amaperekedwa kuti achepetse cholesterol m'magazi.
• Ngati muli ndi matenda a autoimmune, plasmapheresis imachitika kuti muchotse ma antibodies omwe akuukira thupi lanu.

Ngati chifukwa chachikulu cha nephrosis ndi matenda a impso, sichingachiritsidwe. Chifukwa glomeruli yomwe ili mu impso sizigwira ntchito bwino, zinyalala ndi madzi zimasonkhana m'magazi. Impso zimalephera kugwira ntchito. Matendawa akakula, chithandizo chake ndi dialysis kapena kuikidwa impso.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda a Glomerular, kapena ngati muwona kusintha kulikonse pa thanzi lanu, onetsetsani kuti mwawonana ndi dokotala. Musanyalanyaze ngakhale chinthu chaching'ono, chifukwa mukazindikira msanga, zimakhala zosavuta kuchiza.

Matenda ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimatha kuwononga glomeruli mu impso zanu. Ndikofunikira kudziwa za thupi lanu kuti muthe kuonana ndi dokotala mwachangu ngati muwona kusintha kulikonse.

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe muyenera kukumbukira kuchokera munkhaniyi (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Chabwino, tsopano mwamvetsa bwino zomwe takhala tikulankhula, Matenda a Glomerular. Nazi zinthu zofunika kukumbukira:

• Matenda a glomerular ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mayunitsi osefera (glomeruli) a impso.
• Dziwani zizindikiro monga mkodzo wotuluka thovu, magazi m'mkodzo, kutupa, ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Ngati muzindikira izi, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
• Ngati muli ndi matenda monga matenda a shuga ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwaletsa bwino kuti muteteze impso zanu.
• Ngati matendawa apezeka msanga, chithandizo chingathandize kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa impso. Choncho musanyalanyaze zizindikiro zilizonse.
• Kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi (kudya bwino, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kupewa kusuta fodya) kumathandiza kuteteza matenda amtunduwu.

Impso zanu ndi ziwalo ziwiri zofunika kwambiri m'thupi lanu. Zisamalireni. Ngati muli ndi vuto lililonse, musaope kulankhula ndi dokotala, chabwino?

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