Kodi shuga m'magazi ndi chiyani? Kodi imakhudzana bwanji ndi matenda a shuga?

Mukamalankhula za matenda a shuga, mwina mumamva mawu oti 'Shuga wa m'magazi' kapena 'Glucose' nthawi zonse, sichoncho? Ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa bwino lomwe kuti shuga ndi chiyani, gwero la mphamvu ya matupi athu kuchokera muzakudya zomwe timadya, makamaka ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga kapena muli pachiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga. Chifukwa chake lero, tiyeni tikambirane mwachidule, kuyambira A mpaka Z.

Kodi Glucose ndi Insulin ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, shuga ndi mtundu wa shuga . Timaupeza kuchokera ku zakudya zomwe timadya, makamaka zakudya zomwe zili ndi chakudya chambiri. Thupi lathu limagwiritsa ntchito shuga uyu kuti lipereke mphamvu ku maselo. Shuga uyu akamayenda m'magazi, timautcha "shuga m'magazi" kapena 'shuga m'magazi'.

Apa ndi pomwe ntchito ya insulin imayambira. Insulin ndi mahomoni opangidwa mu kapamba wathu. Monga kiyi, insulin iyi ndi yomwe imatsegula maselo a thupi lathu ndikuthandiza shuga m'magazi kulowa m'maselo amenewo ndikupanga mphamvu.

Ngati mwapezeka ndi matenda a shuga m'magazi, zikutanthauza kuti shuga m'magazi mwanu ndi wokwera kuposa wabwinobwino. Pali zifukwa ziwiri zomwe zingachititse izi:

1. Kaya thupi lanu silipanga insulin yokwanira kuti lisunthire shuga m'magazi kupita ku maselo.

2. Kapena, ngakhale kuti insulin ilipo, maselo a thupi lanu sayankha bwino (Insulin Resistance).

Kodi timalowa bwanji shuga m'thupi lathu?

Zakudya zambiri zomwe timadya, makamaka zomwe zili ndi chakudya chochuluka monga buledi, mpunga, mbatata, ndi zipatso, zimakhala ndi shuga. Tikadya, chakudyacho chimalowa m'mimba ndipo chimasweka m'zidutswa tating'onoting'ono ndi ma enzyme ndi ma acid. Njira imeneyi imatulutsa shuga.

Kenako, shuga uyu amapita m'matumbo ndipo amalowa m'magazi. Pamenepo ndi pomwe insulin imabwera ndipo imathandiza kutumiza shuga uyu m'maselo.

Mphamvu ndi kusunga: Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ndi shuga m'thupi?

Matupi athu adapangidwa kuti azikhala ndi shuga m'magazi nthawi zonse. Pamene shuga m'magazi akwera titadya, maselo apadera (maselo a beta) mu kapamba amapanga insulin. Insulin iyi imatsegula chitseko kuti shuga alowe m'maselo a minofu, mafuta, ndi chiwindi.

Mafuta akuluakulu a ubongo

Ngakhale kuti maselo ambiri m'thupi lathu amagwiritsa ntchito shuga, ma amino acid (mapuloteni omwe amapanga mapuloteni), ndi mafuta kuti apereke mphamvu, mphamvu yaikulu ya ubongo wathu ndi shuga.Shuga ndi wofunikira kwambiri pokonza chidziwitso cha maselo amitsempha ndi mankhwala muubongo. Popanda shuga, ubongo wathu sungagwire ntchito bwino.

Kusunga mphamvu yowonjezera

Thupi likagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zomwe limafunikira, shuga wotsalayo amasungidwa m'chiwindi ndi minofu ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono totchedwa glycogen . Thupi lathu limatha kusunga mphamvu zomwe limafunikira kwa tsiku limodzi mwanjira iyi.

Tangoganizani kuti simunadye kwa maola angapo. Mlingo wa shuga m'magazi mwanu umatsika. Pamenepo, kapamba amasiya kupanga insulin ndipo amayamba kupanga mahomoni ena otchedwa glucagon . Glucagon iyi imauza chiwindi kuti chisinthe glycogen yosungidwa kukhala shuga. Kenako shugayo imalowa m'magazi, ndikupatsa thupi mphamvu mpaka mutadyanso.

Shuga m'magazi ndi matenda a shuga

Ndizachilendo kuti shuga m'magazi akwere mutadya kenako n'kutsikanso patatha maola angapo. Shuga m'magazi mwa munthu wathanzi ayenera kukhala osakwana 100 mg/dL.

Koma ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga, thupi lanu silingathe kuchita izi bwino.

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya matenda a shuga:

• Matenda a Shuga a Mtundu 1: Mu matenda a shuga amtunduwu, chitetezo cha mthupi chimawononga maselo opanga insulin m'chifuwa molakwika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi lisapange insulin yokwanira.
• Matenda a Shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri: Pa vutoli, maselo a thupi sayankha bwino insulin. Zotsatira zake, kapamba amafunika kupanga insulin yambiri kuti shuga alowe m'maselo. Pakapita nthawi, kapamba amatha kufooka ndipo sangathe kupanga insulin yokwanira.

Ngati insulin si yokwanira, shuga amaunjikana m'magazi m'malo molowa m'maselo. Mlingo wa shuga m'magazi woposa 200 mg/dL maola awiri mutadya kapena woposa 125 mg/dL pamene kusala kudya kumatchedwa hyperglycemia .

Kodi mungayeze bwanji kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi?

Njira ziwiri zodziwika bwino ndi izi:

1. Kuyesa kwa Zala: Magazi ochepa amatengedwa kuchokera kumapeto kwa chala pogwiritsa ntchito lancet, amaikidwa pa mzere woyesera, ndikuyesedwa ndi glucometer. Mutha kuwona kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi anu pakapita masekondi ochepa.

2. Chowunikira shuga m'magazi mosalekeza (CGM): Kachipangizo kakang'ono kamene kamayikidwa pansi pa khungu, nthawi zambiri m'manja kapena m'mimba. Kachipangizoka kamayesa shuga m'magazi mwa kuyang'anira madzi pakati pa maselo ndikutumiza detayo ku chipangizo monga pulogalamu ya foni.

Kodi mayeso a A1c ndi chiyani?

Kuyesa kwa A1c (HbA1c test) ndi kuyesa magazi komwe kumasonyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwanu m'miyezi 2-3 yapitayi.

Shuga ikalowa m'magazi, imalumikizana ndi hemoglobin, gawo la maselo ofiira amagazi lomwe limanyamula mpweya m'magazi. Kuyesa kwa A1c kumayesa kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin m'magazi mwanu komwe kumadzazidwa ndi shuga (glycated). Shuga m'magazi akachuluka, A1c yanu imakwera.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa kutsika kwa shuga m'magazi (hypoglycemia)?

Kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi ndi vuto lomwe shuga m'magazi amatsika pansi pa 70 mg/dL. Izi zitha kukhala zadzidzidzi mwachangu. Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe izi zingachitikire.

• Kumwa mowa m'mimba yopanda kanthu.
• Kumwa mankhwala ambiri a insulin kapena mankhwala ena a shuga kuposa momwe kungafunikire.
• Kudumpha chakudya.
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuposa masiku onse.
• Kusintha kwa mahomoni (monga kusamba kwa mwezi uliwonse).

Kodi mumatani shuga ikatsika m'thupi lanu?

Mungathe kutsatira "lamulo la 15-15" lomwe bungwe la American Diabetes Association limalangiza:

1. Idyani kapena imwani magalamu 15 a chakudya chopatsa mphamvu chomwe chimagwira ntchito mwachangu (monga supuni zitatu za shuga/shuga, supuni imodzi ya uchi).

2. Dikirani mphindi 15 .

3. Yang'ananinso shuga m'magazi mwanu. Ngati ikadali pansi pa 70 mg/dL, imwani magalamu ena 15 a chakudya.

4. Bwerezani izi mpaka shuga itabwerera mwakale.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (hyperglycemia)?

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kopitirira 180 mg/dL kumatchedwa hyperglycemia. Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa izi.

• Kusamwa insulin yokwanira kapena mankhwala ena.
• Kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
• Matenda (monga chimfine, chimfine) kapena matenda opatsirana.
• Kupsinjika maganizo.
• Kudya kwambiri kuposa momwe munakonzera.

Kodi muyenera kupita ku Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) liti?

Ngati shuga m'magazi mwanu ndi 300 mg/dL kapena kupitirira kawiri motsatizana , imbani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo.

Ngati hyperglycemia yosachiritsidwa ingayambitse ketoacidosis yomwe ingawononge moyo, kapena matenda a shuga. Pitani ku dipatimenti yothandiza anthu odwala mwadzidzidzi (ETU) nthawi yomweyo ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• Mpweya umakhala ngati fungo la zipatso.
• Kusanza ndi kusanza.
• Kuuma kwambiri pakamwa.
• Kuvuta kupuma.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti shuga m'magazi mwanu mukhale mkati mwa mlingo woyenera. Tsatirani malangizo a dokotala wanu. Yang'anani shuga m'magazi mwanu nthawi zonse. Mukachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kudya zakudya zoyenera, komanso kumwa mankhwala olembedwa ndi dokotala, mutha kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi.