Tiyeni tiphunzire za Astrocytoma ya Giredi 3 muubongo mwachidule.

Kodi inuyo kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa amanjenjemera akamva mawu oti "chotupa cha muubongo"? Ndizachilendo kwambiri. Makamaka mukadziwa kuti ndi choopsa pang'ono. Koma musadandaule, tiyeni tikambirane za vutoli lotchedwa "Astrocytoma ya Giredi 3" mwatsatanetsatane, koma mwachidule. Ndikukhulupirira kuti mwamvetsa bwino izi.

Kodi Astrocytoma ya Giredi 3 ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, ichi ndi chotupa cha khansa chomwe chikukula mofulumira chomwe chimapangika muubongo . Pali mtundu wapadera wa maselo otchedwa astrocyte cells muubongo wathu ndi msana. Awa ndi maselo ooneka ngati nyenyezi. Ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikuthandiza ndikuteteza ma neuron athu - maselo omwe ali ndi udindo pa chilichonse kuchokera ku malingaliro athu, malingaliro, ndi mayendedwe athu.

Chifukwa chake, pazifukwa zina, pamene maselo a astrocyte awa amagawanika mosalamulirika, mofulumira, ndikukula mochuluka, mtundu uwu wa chotupa chotchedwa "astrocytoma" umapangidwira. Bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO) laika ma cervical awa m'magulu. Chifukwa chake, "grade 3" amatanthauza kuti uwu ndi mtundu wofalikira mofulumira komanso woopsa kwambiri . Kale, uwu unkatchedwanso "anaplastic astrocytoma". Mwina munawonapo dzina ili m'malipoti akale azachipatala (malipoti a pathology). Munali mu 2021 kokha pamene dzinali linasinthidwa kukhala "grade 3 astrocytoma" kuti lifotokoze bwino matendawa.

Izi zimachitika mofulumira komanso moopsa kuposa "giredi 1" ndi "giredi 2". Komanso, zimatha kufalikira kuchokera komwe zidayambira kupita ku minofu yaubongo yozungulira . Ichi ndichifukwa chake imatchedwanso "malignant" kapena "high-grade" astrocytoma.

Astrocytomas ndi gulu la mitundu yambiri ya zotupa zotchedwa "gliomas." Gulu la gliomas ili siliphatikizapo astrocytomas zokha, komanso mitundu ina ya zotupa za muubongo monga "ependymomas" ndi "oligodendrogliomas."

Ngakhale kuti chotupachi ndi champhamvu kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina ya astrocytoma, nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti chimatha kuchiritsidwa . Pali mankhwala monga opaleshoni, chithandizo cha radiation, ndi chemotherapy. Muthanso kukhala ndi mwayi wochita nawo mayeso azachipatala omwe akufufuza njira zatsopano zochizira.

Kodi vutoli ndi lofala bwanji?

Padziko lonse lapansi, anthu pakati pa 5 ndi 8 mwa anthu 100,000 aliwonse amapezeka ndi astrocytoma ya giredi 3 kapena astrocytoma yoopsa kwambiri ya giredi 4 (yomwe imatchedwanso glioblastoma). Izi zitha kuonekanso mwa ana . Astrocytomas ndi glioblastomas a giredi 3 amapanga pafupifupi 10% ya zotupa zonse zapakati pa mitsempha (ubongo ndi msana) mwa ana.

Kodi zizindikiro za astrocytoma ya giredi 3 ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi kukula kwa chotupacho komanso komwe chili muubongo. Komabe, zizindikiro zodziwika bwino ndi izi:

• Mutu:Izi sizili ngati mutu wamba, zitha kukhala zovuta pang'ono, zosalekeza, komanso zoonekera bwino m'mawa.
• Kutopa: Kumva kutopa nthawi zonse komanso kumva ngati wopanda moyo.
• Kusanza: Mutu ukhoza kutsagana ndi kusanza, makamaka m'mawa.
• Kusintha kwa umunthu: Kusintha monga kukwiya kwambiri, kukwiya, kapena kukhala chete kwambiri kuposa kale.
• Kusintha kwa masomphenya: Kuona zinthu molakwika, kuona zinthu ziwiri.
• Mavuto ndi kugwirizana: Kugwa pamene mukuyenda, zinthu zikugwa.
• Kufooka kwa miyendo: Dzanja kapena mwendo mbali imodzi ungamve ngati kuti wayamba dzanzi.
• Zizindikiro za khunyu (kukomoka): Kutaya mwadzidzidzi chidziwitso ndi kukomoka kungachitike.

Musachite mantha chifukwa chakuti muli ndi chimodzi kapena ziwiri mwa zizindikirozi. Koma ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zingapo, kapena ngati zikuoneka kuti zikuipiraipira tsiku ndi tsiku, muyenera kuonana ndi dokotala.

Kuphatikiza apo, kutengera komwe chotupacho chili muubongo, zizindikiro zina zitha kuchitika. Mwachitsanzo, ngati chotupacho chili mu lobe yakutsogolo, mavuto okumbukira komanso kuvutika kupanga zisankho angachitike. Kupanda kutero, ngati chili mu khoma la mbali ya ubongo, mawu olankhula ndi omvetsetsa angachitike.

Kodi zotupa zimenezi zimapezeka kuti mu ubongo?

Astrocytoma ya giredi 3 iyi ndi chotupa chomwe chimayamba mu dongosolo la mitsempha, kutanthauza, ubongo ndi msana. Chimapezeka kwambiri mu ubongo, gawo lalikulu kwambiri la ubongo . Makamaka, m'zigawo izi:

• Lobe yakutsogolo
• Lobe yanthawi
• Lobe ya parietal
• Lobe ya m'chiuno

N’chifukwa chiyani astrocytoma ya giredi 3 iyi imayamba? Kodi zinthu zoopsa ndi ziti?

Sizikudziwika bwino chifukwa chake maselo a astrocyte amenewa amayamba kugawikana mofulumira chonchi. Koma malinga ndi kafukufuku, zinthu zotsatirazi zitha kukhala zomwe zimayambitsa:

• Kusintha kwa majini: Komabe, izi zimakhudza chiwerengero chochepa kwambiri (osakwana 5% ya odwala).
• Kukumana ndi ma radiation omwe amayatsa: Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi ma radiation panthawi yochiza mitundu ina ya khansa (monga khansa ya m'magazi, khansa ya m'magazi).

Ngakhale kuti vutoli limatha kuchitika pa msinkhu uliwonse, limapezeka kwambiri mwa ana azaka zapakati pa 5 ndi 9 komanso akuluakulu azaka zapakati pa 30 ndi 50. Akutinso amuna ndi omwe ali ndi vutoli kuposa akazi.

Matenda ena a majini angayambitsenso kukula kwa astrocytomas ya giredi 3. Matenda oterewa ndi monga:

• Mtundu 1 wa Neurofibromatosis
• Matenda a Li-Fraumeni
• Matenda a chifuwa chachikulu (tuberous sclerosis)

Kodi izi zingayambitse mavuto otani?

Mavuto omwe angachitike ndi astrocytoma ya giredi 3 nthawi zina amatha kukhala pachiwopsezo, choncho ndikofunikira kudziwa izi.

• Kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mutu: Chotupacho chingayambitse kupanikizika chifukwa cha kusowa kwa malo muubongo.
• Kufa ziwalo mbali imodzi ya thupi lanu: Matenda ofanana ndi kufa ziwalo.
• Hydrocephalus: Madzi amatha kusonkhana muubongo chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa madzi.

Kodi mumazindikira bwanji matendawa molondola?

Dokotala amazindikira matendawa mwa kukufunsani za zizindikiro zanu, kuchita mayeso akuthupi, kenako kuchita mayeso ofunikira. Dokotalayo adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu komanso ngati pali aliyense m'banja mwanu amene wakhalapo ndi matendawa. Kenako, adzayitanitsa mayeso kuti apeze matenda ena omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana.

Nthawi zambiri, mayeso osagwiritsa ntchito njira yofufuzira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa komwe chotupacho chili komanso kukula kwake . Izi zingathandize kwambiri pozindikira matenda. Nthawi zina, biopsy, yomwe imaphatikizapo kutenga chidutswa chaching'ono cha chotupacho, ikhoza kuchitidwa.

Mayeso a X-ray

Dokotala wanu angakupatseni scan ya MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) kapena CT scan (Computed Tomography scan) kuti muwone kukula ndi malo enieni a chotupacho. Mayeso awa angakuthandizeni kumvetsetsa bwino chotupacho ndikukonzekera chithandizo chanu. Mukapeza chithandizo, mungafunike kuyesedwanso kuti muwone ngati chithandizocho chayenda bwino komanso momwe chotupacho chikuyendera.

Kodi chithandizo cha izi ndi chiyani?

Pochiza astrocytomas ya giredi 3, njira imodzi kapena zingapo mwa izi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi:

• Kuchotsa chotupacho opaleshoni
• Chithandizo cha radiation
• Mankhwala a Chemotherapy

Kawirikawiri, njira zonse zitatuzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Gawo loyamba ndikuchotsa chotupa chochuluka momwe zingathere mwa opaleshoni . Komabe, kutengera kukula kwa chotupacho ndi komwe chili muubongo, sizingatheke kuchotsa chotupacho kwathunthu. Ngati zimenezo zitachitika, chithandizo cha radiation ndi chemotherapy zimaperekedwa ku gawo lotsalalo.

Palinso kafukufuku wotchedwa "mayesero azachipatala" omwe akuchitidwa kuti apeze njira zatsopano zochizira mitundu iyi ya zotupa. Izi zikufufuza njira zatsopano zochizira, njira zopewera matenda, ndi zina zambiri. Dokotala wanu angakupatseninso mayeso azachipatala omwe ali oyenera kwa inu.

Kodi pali mankhwala apadera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi?

Bungwe la U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) lavomereza mankhwala a chemotherapy otchedwa "Temozolomide" kwa akuluakulu omwe ali ndi astrocytoma ya giredi 3. Dokotala wanu angakulangizeni mankhwalawa ngati chotupa chanu sichikugwirizana bwino ndi mankhwala ena. Palibe mankhwala enieni omwe avomerezedwa kwa ana pakadali pano.

Kodi pali zotsatirapo zilizonse za mankhwalawa?

Inde, mankhwala amenewa angayambitse zotsatirapo zoyipa. Dokotala wanu adzakufotokozerani izi musanayambe kulandira chithandizo, komanso adzakuuzani zomwe muyenera kusamala mukalandira chithandizo.

Zotsatirapo zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha opaleshoni:

• Kutuluka magazi
• Matenda
• Mutu
• Hydrocephalus
• Ululu
• Zizindikiro za khunyu `(Kugwidwa)`

Zotsatirapo zomwe zingakhalepo chifukwa cha radiation therapy ndi chemotherapy:

• Kutuluka magazi kapena matenda
• Kudzimbidwa
• Kutsegula m'mimba
• Kutopa kwambiri
• Mutu
• Kutaya tsitsi
• Kusanza ndi kusanza
• Chilakolako cha chakudya

Zotsatirapo izi sizimachitika kwa aliyense mofanana. Anthu ena angamve pang'ono, ena angamve mokulirapo. Koma pali njira zowongolera pafupifupi zonsezi.

Kodi moyo wa munthu umakhala wotani ndi matendawa?

Ponena za munthu amene ali ndi astrocytoma ya giredi 3, zimasiyana malinga ndi munthu. Zinthu zambiri zimakhudza izi, kuphatikizapo thanzi lanu lonse, kukula kwa chotupacho, ndi komwe chili. Ngati matendawa apezeka ndi kuchiritsidwa msanga, makamaka ngati chotupacho chingachotsedwe kwathunthu, mutha kuyembekezera zotsatira zabwino . Dokotala wanu adzatha kukupatsani chidziwitso cholondola kwambiri kutengera momwe mulili.

Kafukufuku wina adanenanso kuti kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi astrocytomas ya giredi 3 omwe amapulumuka zaka zisanu ndi pakati pa 52% ndi 58%. Ngati chithandizo chingachotse chotupa chonse, nthawi yopulumuka imakhala yayitali kwambiri .

Kodi astrocytoma iyi ya giredi 3 ingachiritsidwe kwathunthu?

Akuti chotupachi n'chovuta kuchichiritsa kwathunthu, koma ndi vuto lolamulidwa bwino komanso lotha kuchiritsidwa . Pamene njira zopangira opaleshoni, chithandizo cha radiation, ndi chemotherapy zikuwonjezeka tsiku ndi tsiku, mwayi wopambana chithandizo tsopano ndi wokwera. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti ngakhale kuti ndizovuta kuchotsa chotupacho kwathunthu, kutengera kukula kwake, mawonekedwe ake, ndi malo ake, sizingatheke.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za astrocytoma ya giredi 3 yomwe yatchulidwa pamwambapa, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo . Ngati mukulandira kale chithandizo, uzani dokotala wanu mwamsanga mukangoona zotsatirapo zilizonse.Nenani zimenezo. Pa nthawi yopeza matenda ndi chithandizo, ngati muli ndi mafunso kapena nkhawa, musaope kufunsa gulu lanu lachipatala.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

Ndizachilendo kukhala ndi mafunso ambiri mukalandira matenda ngati awa. Nazi mafunso ena omwe mungafunse dokotala wanu:

• Kodi mukundilangiza chithandizo chamtundu wanji?
• Kodi zotsatirapo zake ndi ziti?
• Kodi mankhwala a chemotherapy angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza chotupa ichi?
• Kodi ndiyenera kudzisamalira bwanji ndikalandira chithandizo cha radiation ndi chemotherapy?
• Kodi matenda anga adzayamba bwanji?
• Kodi pali mayesero aliwonse azachipatala omwe akugwirizana ndi vuto langa?

Pomaliza, zomwe muyenera kukumbukira

Ndizachibadwa kukhala ndi mantha komanso nkhawa mukazindikira kuti muli ndi chotupa muubongo. Koma kumbukirani kuti simuli nokha . Pali gulu la madokotala, anamwino, ndi akatswiri ena azaumoyo pano kuti akuthandizeni, ayankhe mafunso anu, ndikusamalirani.

Nthawi zina, chifukwa cha kukula ndi mawonekedwe a chotupacho, sizingatheke kuchichotsa kwathunthu ndi opaleshoni. Komabe, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa chithandizo cha khansa, anthu ambiri amatha kuthana ndi vutoli ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino. Chifukwa chake, khalani olimba mtima ndikutsatira malangizo omwe madokotala anu akupatsani.

Ndikukhulupirira kuti izi zikuthandizani. Ndikufunirani kuti muchire mwachangu!

Astrocytoma , Chotupa cha Ubongo, Anaplastic Astrocytoma, Khansa, Astrocytoma ya Giredi 3, Zizindikiro za Khansa ya Ubongo, Chithandizo cha Khansa ya Ubongo