Kodi mukufunanso kudziwa za matenda a khansa ya m'magazi ya hairy cell? Tiyeni tikambirane!

Kodi nthawi zonse mumadzimva kutopa? Kapena mumadwala chimfine ndi matenda nthawi zonse? Nthawi zina zinthuzi zimaonedwa ngati zachilendo, koma nthawi zambiri sizingakhale chizindikiro cha chinthu china. Lero tikambirana za khansa ya m'magazi yosowa koma yofunika kwambiri yomwe ndi yofunika kwambiri kuidziwa. Imatchedwa "Hairy Cell Leukemia".

Kodi "Hairy Cell Leukemia" iyi ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, uwu ndi mtundu wa khansa womwe umayambira m'magazi. Tili ndi gawo la thupi lathu lotchedwa bone marrow. Kuchokera ku bone marrow imeneyo ndi komwe mitundu ya maselo m'magazi athu imapangidwa. Mwa awa, maselo a B (omwe amatchedwanso `B lymphocytes`) ndi mtundu wa maselo oyera amagazi. Ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikulimbana ndi majeremusi omwe amalowa m'thupi lathu ndikutiteteza ku matenda.

Choncho, mu vuto ili lotchedwa `Hairy Cell Leukemia`, chomwe chimachitika ndichakuti mafupa anu amapanga maselo a B osazolowereka . Mukayang'ana maselo osazolowereka awa pansi pa maikulosikopu, mutha kuwona kuti ali ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tonga tsitsi tomwe timatuluka. Ichi ndichifukwa chake matendawa amatchedwa `hairy cell leukemia'' chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a `hairy''. Amapezeka ndi akatswiri azachipatala omwe amafufuza maselowo pansi pa maikulosikopu.

N’chifukwa chiyani izi zimachitika? N’chiyani chimachitika m’thupi?

Ngakhale kuti sizikudziwika bwino chifukwa chake izi zimachitika, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimachitika m'thupi vutoli likachitika. Tangoganizani kuti muli ndi munda wa ndiwo zamasamba, ndipo chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati udzu ukula mopitirira muyeso? Ndiwo zamasamba zabwino zimataya malo ndipo sizikukula bwino, eti? Ndicho chimene chimachitikanso pano.

• Zotsatira za mafuta a m'mafupa: Maselo a B osazolowereka amayamba kusonkhana m'mafupa, monga udzu. Zimenezi zimachepetsa mphamvu yopanga maselo oyera athanzi, maselo ofiira a m'magazi, ndi ma platelet (maselo omwe amathandiza magazi kuundana).
• Kutupa kwa ma lymph nodes ndi ndulu: Maselo osazolowereka awa m'ma lymph nodes athu ndi ndulu amayamba kugawikana ndikuchulukana, zomwe zimapangitsa ziwalozo kutupa.
• Zotsatira za chiwindi: Nthawi zina maselo osazolowerekawa amatha kufalikira kupita ku chiwindi kudzera m'magazi ndikuchiwononga. Izi zingayambitse kudziunjikira kwa madzi m'mimba (vuto lotchedwa `ascites`).

Kodi izi ndizofala?

`Hairy Cell Leukemia` ndi matenda osowa kwambiri . Ngakhale m'dziko ngati America, amapezeka mwa munthu m'modzi pa anthu 100,000. Akutinso vutoli ndi lofala kwambiri pakati pa anthu oyera kuposa mafuko ena.

Kodi zizindikiro zake ndi ziti?

Nthawi zina anthu omwe ali ndi Hairy Cell Leukemia sangakhale ndi zizindikiro zilizonse . Komabe, zizindikiro zikayamba kuonekera, zingaphatikizepo:

• Kutopa: Kutopa kumeneku kungachitike chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa maselo ofiira a m'magazi (anemia).
• Malungo ndi matenda opatsirana pafupipafupi:Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa maselo oyera athanzi omwe amalimbana ndi matenda, chimfine chobwerezabwereza komanso matenda oopsa nthawi zambiri amapezeka.
• Kupweteka m'mimba kumanzere: Pamene maselo osazolowereka mu ndulu akusonkhanitsana ndikupangitsa ndulu kutupa, mutha kumva kupweteka m'mimba kumanzere. ndulu ikhoza kukula ndikukupangitsani kumva kukhuta, ndipo mutha kumva kukhuta ngakhale mutadya pang'ono. Muthanso kuchepetsa thupi popanda kuyesa.
• Kupweteka m'mimba ya kumanja: Ngati chiwindi chakula, mungamve kupweteka m'mbali mwa dzanja lamanja.
• Kuvuta kupuma: Ichi ndi chizindikiro china cha kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi.
• Ma lymph nodes otupa: Ma lymph nodes osapweteka angawonekere m'khosi, m'khwapa, ndi m'mimba.
• Kutupa kapena kutuluka magazi kosazolowereka: Chifukwa chakuti mafuta a m'mafupa sapanga ma platelet okwanira, omwe amathandiza magazi kuundana, ngakhale kuvulala pang'ono ndi kutuluka magazi kumatha kuchitika.

Chofunika: Kukhala ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro izi sikutanthauza kuti muli ndi khansa ya m'magazi ya hairy cell. Komabe, ngati zizindikirozi zikupitirira, ndi bwino kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala.

Kodi pali zinthu zina zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli? Kodi pali zinthu zina zomwe zingakuike pachiwopsezo?

Akatswiri sakudziwabe chomwe chimayambitsa khansa ya m'magazi ya tsitsi. Komabe, kafukufuku wapeza kuti pafupifupi 90% ya anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa ali ndi kusintha kwa majini. Zimakhudza jini yotchedwa BRAF. Jini iyi imathandiza maselo kukula. Chifukwa chake, ikasintha, maselo osazolowereka amayamba kukula ndikuchulukana mosalamulirika. Kusintha kwa majini kumeneku kumachitika titabadwa. Komabe, sizikudziwikabe chomwe chimayambitsa kusinthaku.

Komabe, zinthu zina zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zapezeka zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga matendawa:

• Zaka: Matendawa nthawi zambiri amakhudza anthu azaka zapakati pa 40 ndi 70. Avereji ya zaka zomwe munthu amadwala matendawa ndi pafupifupi zaka 58.
• Jenda: Matendawa amapezeka kwambiri mwa amuna kuposa akazi.
• Kupezeka kwa Agent Orange: Ofufuza amakhulupirira kuti pali mgwirizano pakati pa mankhwala awa ndi khansa ya B-cell yosatha komanso lymphoma (kuphatikizapo khansa ya maselo aubweya).

Kodi izi zingayambitse mavuto otani?

Matenda a khansa ya m'magazi a tsitsi amachititsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa maselo oyera m'thupi lanu omwe amalimbana ndi matenda, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chanu chotenga matenda . Izi zitha kukhala matenda a bakiteriya, mavairasi, kapena bowa. Nthawi zina, matendawa amatha kukhala oopsa.

Palinso mwayi wochepa woti munthu adwale khansa ya mtundu wina patatha zaka zambiri atapezeka ndi matendawa. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku amene adafufuza anthu omwe adachiritsidwa bwino ndi Hairy Cell Leukemia kwa zaka 10-20 awonetsa kuti ena adwala khansa zina.

Kodi matendawa amapezeka bwanji?

Mukapita kwa dokotala, adzakufunsani zinthu monga nthawi yomwe zizindikiro zanu zinayamba komanso ngati mumadwala matenda pafupipafupi. Adzakufunsaninso za mbiri yanu yachipatala. Kenako, adzakuyesani thupi. Angayang'anenso ma lymph nodes anu, ndulu, ndi chiwindi kuti awone ngati pali kutupa.

Kenako, mutha kutumizidwa kwa dokotala wa matenda a magazi kapena dokotala wa khansa kuti akakupatseni mayeso ena kuti mutsimikizire matendawa. Mayeso awa angaphatikizepo:

• Kuchuluka kwa magazi (CBC) ndi kusiyana: Izi zimayesa kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira ndi oyera a magazi, komanso ma platelet. Kusiyana kumeneku kumayesa kuchuluka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo oyera a magazi.
• Kuyeza magazi m'mbali mwa thupi: Akatswiri a matenda amayang'ana magazi pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu kuti aone maselo osazolowereka okhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi "tsitsi".
• Kufufuza za m'mafupa ndi kusanthula m'mafupa: Mayesowa amatha kuzindikira maselo osazolowereka m'mafupa.
• Kujambula kwa CT (Computed tomography - `CT` scan): Kujambula kwa `CT` kumatha kujambula zithunzi zamkati mwa thupi. Izi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuona kukula kwa ndulu, chiwindi, ndi ma lymph nodes, kapena ultrasound ya mimba.
• Kuyeza kwa kayendedwe ka magazi m'magazi (flow cytometry): Izi zimayang'ana magazi ndi mafuta a m'mafupa kuti aone ngati pali maselo osazolowereka, monga maselo a tsitsi. Zimayang'ananso kukula, mawonekedwe a maselo, komanso kupezeka kwa zizindikiro za chotupa. Zizindikiro za chotupa zitha kukhala mapuloteni opangidwa ndi maselo a khansa.

Kodi chimachiritsidwa bwanji?

Ngati muli ndi matenda, muyenera kuwachiza kaye. Kenako, mankhwala ena adzayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti athetse zizindikiro za `Hairy Cell Leukemia`. Komabe, monga tanenera kale, si aliyense amene adzakhala ndi zizindikiro. Kwa anthu otere, dokotala wanu wa matenda a magazi kapena katswiri wa khansa angakupatseni njira yotchedwa active surveillance . Ngati pali zizindikiro, angakupatseni mankhwala.

Kuyang'anira Mogwira Mtima

Matenda a khansa ya m'magazi otchedwa Hairy Cell Leukemia ndi matenda omwe amakula pang'onopang'ono . Zingatenge zaka kuti zizindikiro ziwonekere. Popeza mankhwala a khansa angayambitse zotsatirapo zoyipa komanso mavuto, ngati mulibe zizindikiro, dokotala wanu angaganize zosiya kuyamba chithandizo mpaka zizindikiro zitayamba kuonekera.

Mukayang'aniridwa ndi dokotala wanu, mudzaonana ndi dokotala wanu miyezi itatu kapena isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse. Pa nthawi ya maulendo amenewo:

• Adzakufunsani za thanzi lanu, makamaka ngati mukumva kutopa kwambiri kuposa masiku onse.
• Kuyezetsa thupi kudzachitika kuti aone ngati chiwindi ndi ndulu zatupa.
• Mayeso a magazi amalamulidwa kuti aone kuchuluka kwa maselo a magazi ndi ma platelet.

Zingakhale zovuta pang'ono m'maganizo kudikira kuti zizindikiro ziwonekere musanayambe kulandira chithandizo. Koma dokotala wanu adzamvetsa momwe mukumvera ndikufotokozera chifukwa chake muyenera kuyang'anira wodwalayo mosamala.

Mankhwala

Chithandizo chachikulu cha anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'magazi yokhala ndi ubweya ndi chemotherapy . Mankhwala oletsa khansa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi Cladribine (Leustatin®) kapena Pentostatin (Nipent®).

Ngati mankhwala a chemotherapy sakugwira ntchito, kapena ngati matendawa abwereranso, pali njira zina zochiritsira:

• Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy: `Rituximab (Rituxan®)` ndi mankhwala a `monoclonal antibody` omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa `Hairy Cell Leukemia`. Angaperekedwe ngati chithandizo choyamba ndi chemotherapy kapena ngati matendawa abwereranso. Chithandizo china cha immunotherapy ndi `Recombinant Interferon Alfa-2b (Intron A®)`.
• Chithandizo Cholunjika: Pa khansa ya m'magazi ya Hairy Cell yomwe yabwereranso m'thupi, mankhwala otchedwa Rituximab ndi Moxetumomab pasudotox (Lumoxiti®) (iyi ndi mtundu wa mankhwala oletsa ma antibodies) angagwiritsidwe ntchito.
• Kuchotsa ma splenectomy: Opaleshoniyi nthawi zambiri imalimbikitsidwa ngati chithandizo chamankhwala monga chemotherapy sichithandiza ndipo ma splen akupitirira kutupa chifukwa cha maselo osazolowereka mu ndulu.

Kodi pali zotsatirapo zilizonse za mankhwalawa?

Monga mankhwala ena aliwonse a khansa, amatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zake. Makamaka, mankhwala a chemotherapy a leukemia ya tsitsi amawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda omwe angawononge moyo . Dokotala wanu adzakufotokozerani njira zomwe mungachite kuti mupewe matenda komanso kusintha komwe kumachitika m'thupi lanu komwe kungakhale zizindikiro za matenda.

Kodi mungayembekezere chiyani mukakhala ndi matendawa?

Pakadali pano palibe mankhwala a Hairy Cell Leukemia. Komabe, kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti chithandizo, kuphatikizapo chemotherapy, chingasunge matendawa kwa zaka 10 kapena kuposerapo . Kuchira kumatanthauza kuti mulibe zizindikiro ndipo palibe zizindikiro za matendawa zomwe zingapezeke pa mayeso. Kafukufuku yemwe adafufuza zomwe anthu omwe ali ndi Hairy Cell Leukemia adakumana nazo adapeza kuti akalandira chithandizo, amatha kukhala ndi moyo wautali ngati anthu omwe alibe matendawa.

Komabe, khansa ya m'magazi ya tsitsi ikhoza kubwereranso patatha zaka zingapo kuchokera pamene chithandizo choyamba chayamba. Komabe, ngati zimenezo zitachitika, pali mankhwala omwe angathandize kuti matendawa abwererenso.

Anthu ambiri amafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala ndi chithandizo cha moyo wawo wonse, chifukwa madokotala amafunika kuyang'anira kuti awone ngati matendawa akubwereranso. Ngakhale mutakhala ndi matendawa koma mulibe zizindikiro, muyenera kuyesedwa ndi kukaonana ndi dokotala miyezi itatu kapena isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse mutapezeka ndi matendawa.

Kodi chiŵerengero cha kuchira ndi chiyani?

Malinga ndi bungwe la Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, 90% ya anthu omwe amalandira chithandizo cha chemotherapy cha Cladribine amakhala ndi moyo zaka zisanu pambuyo pa chithandizo. Komabe, zomwe zimachitika mukalandira chithandizo zimadalira zinthu zambiri . Zaka zanu, thanzi lanu lonse, zizindikiro zanu, komanso momwe thupi lanu limayankhira chithandizocho zonse zimadalira. Ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudza izi, funsani dokotala wanu.

Kodi ndiyenera kusamalira bwanji thanzi langa?

Matenda a khansa ya m'magazi a hairy cell amawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda omwe angawononge moyo. Mutha kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi lanu ndikuteteza ku matenda . Nazi malingaliro ena:

• Idyani zakudya zabwino: Zinthu monga zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, mapuloteni opanda mafuta ambiri, ndi tirigu wonse zimathandiza chitetezo cha mthupi kugwira ntchito bwino.
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse: Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse ndi kwabwino pa zinthu zambiri zokhudzana ndi thanzi lanu, kuphatikizapo chitetezo chamthupi chanu.
• Gonani mokwanira: Kusagona mokwanira kungapangitse chitetezo cha mthupi lanu kukhala chofooka.
• Pezani katemera wanu pa nthawi yake: Katemera amaphunzitsa thupi lanu kulimbana ndi majeremusi omwe amayambitsa matenda. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za katemera amene mukufuna komanso nthawi yoti muwalandire.

Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Matenda a khansa ya m'magazi ya tsitsi ndi chithandizo chake zingapangitse kuti mukhale ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda oopsa, nthawi zina omwe angawononge moyo wanu. Pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi:

• Malungo opitirira madigiri 38 Celsius (100.4 madigiri Fahrenheit) ndipo satsika.
• Kupweteka pakhosi komwe kumatenga masiku opitilira angapo kapena kukukulirakulira.
• Kupweteka m'mimba komwe sikutha kapena kukukulirakulira.

Chidule ndi Pomaliza (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Mwina mwakhala mukutopa kwambiri kuposa masiku onse popanda chifukwa. Kapena mwina mwakhala mukuganiza za matenda opatsirana m'mapapo omwe sanathe ngakhale kuti mwakhala mukumwa mankhwala ambiri. Tsopano mayeso akusonyeza kuti muli ndi khansa ya m'magazi yosowa kwambiri yotchedwa `Hairy Cell Leukemia`, yomwe sichitha konse ndi chithandizo.

Koma musadandaule . Pali mankhwala omwe angathandize kuti vutoli likhale lolimba kwa zaka zambiri popanda zizindikiro. Kuchira kwa nthawi yayitali kumatanthauza kuti gulu lanu lazachipatala lidzayang'anira thanzi lanu kwa moyo wanu wonse. Ndipo, ngati Hairy Cell Leukemia ibwerera, ofufuza akupitilizabe kufunafuna njira zobwezeretsera vutoli ku 'release'.

Pali zinthu zomwe mungachite kumbali yanu. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala a khansa angakuthandizeni kukulitsa chiopsezo chanu chotenga matenda. Funsani dokotala wanu za katemera ndi njira zina zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu chotenga matenda.Simuli nokha, pali madokotala ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala omwe angakuthandizeni paulendowu.

Maselo Okhala ndi Tsitsi Khansa ya m'magazi , khansa ya m'magazi, khansa ya m'magazi, maselo a B, mafuta am'mafupa, ndulu, zizindikiro