Zinthu zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza khansa ya magazi - Musachite mantha, tiyeni tikambirane za izi!

Tikamva mawu oti "khansa," tonse timachita mantha pang'ono, sichoncho? Tikamva mawu oti "khansa yamagazi," timachita mantha kwambiri. Koma ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa chomwe chili, chifukwa chake chimayamba, zizindikiro zake ndi ziti, komanso ngati pali mankhwala. Kenako mutha kukumana ndi vutoli popanda mantha osafunikira. Chifukwa chake, lero tikambirana za khansa yamagazi iyi mosavuta, mwanjira yomwe mungamvetse.

Kodi Khansa ya Magazi ndi chiyani? Kodi chimachitika n'chiyani m'thupi lathu?

Mwachidule, khansa ya m'magazi ndi matenda omwe amakhudza maselo opanga magazi m'thupi lathu komanso momwe maselo amenewo amagwirira ntchito. Ambiri mwa khansa ya m'magazi iyi imayambira mu mafupa athu. Mafuta a m'mafupa ndi chinthu chofewa, chofanana ndi siponji mkati mwa mafupa athu. Mafuta a m'mafupa awa ndi komwe thupi lathu limapanga maselo oyambira. Maselo oyambira awa pambuyo pake amakhala maselo amagazi motere:

• Maselo Ofiira a M'magazi: Awa ndi omwe amanyamula mpweya m'thupi lonse. Taganizirani ngati magalimoto ang'onoang'ono omwe amanyamula moyo ku ziwalo zonse za thupi lathu.
• Maselo Oyera a M'magazi: Awa ali ngati asilikali omwe amalimbana ndi matenda ndi majeremusi omwe amalowa m'thupi lathu.
• Ma platelet: Izi zimathandiza kuletsa kutuluka magazi pakakhala bala.

Tsopano, khansa ya m'magazi ikayamba, pazifukwa zina, njira yopangira maselo a m'magazi amenewa imasokonekera. Maselo a khansa omwe amapangidwa nthawi imeneyo sangachite ntchito yomwe maselo abwinobwino a m'magazi amachita. M'malo mwake, maselo a khansa osazolowereka awa amagawikana mwachangu komanso mosalamulirika, kudzaza maselo abwino a m'magazi ndikuwononga dongosolo lonse. Zili ngati udzu womwe umamera ndikuphimba zomera zabwino.

Khansa ya m'magazi ndi matenda oopsa, ndi zoona. Koma nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti anthu ambiri tsopano akuchira ku khansa ya m'magazi, kapena akukhala bwino ndi matendawa.

Kodi pali mitundu ya khansa ya m'magazi? Kodi ndi mitundu iti?

Inde, pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya khansa ya m'magazi. Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi mitundu ingapo.

1. Khansa ya m'magazi: Iyi ndi khansa yofala kwambiri ya m'magazi, makamaka paubwana. Maselo a khansa ya m'magazi amayamba m'mafupa. Kuchokera pamenepo, amatha kufalikira mpaka m'magazi. Nthawi zambiri, awa ndi maselo oyera a m'magazi osakhwima.

2. Lymphoma: Iyi ndi khansa yomwe imayamba m'thupi lathu. Maselo a Lymphoma amayamba kuchokera ku mtundu wa maselo oyera a m'magazi otchedwa lymphocytes. Maselo a khansa amenewa amatha kupanga zotupa m'malo monga ma lymph node athu. Hodgkin Lymphoma ndi Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma ndi magulu awiri akuluakulu.

3. Myeloma: Iyi ndi khansa yomwe imayamba mu m'mafupa. Imakhudza mtundu wa maselo oyera a m'magazi otchedwa maselo a plasma. Myeloma yambiri ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri.

Kuwonjezera pa mitundu ikuluikulu iyi, palinso mitundu ina ya khansa ya m'magazi yomwe si yofala kwambiri:

• Ma Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN): Khansa iyi imapangitsa kuti mafupa anu apange maselo oyera ambiri, maselo ofiira a magazi, kapena ma platelet kuposa momwe amafunikira.
• Matenda a Myelodysplastic (MDS): Mu mkhalidwe uwu, mafuta a m'mafupa anu amapanga maselo a magazi osazolowereka. Nthawi zina maselo a m'magazi awa sakula bwino, ndichifukwa chake amakhala osazolowereka. Maselo osakhwima awa amatchedwanso kuti blasts.

Kodi zizindikiro za matendawa ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za khansa ya m'magazi zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa khansa, koma pali zizindikiro zofunika kuziganizira nthawi zonse:

• Kumva kutopa kwambiri (Kutopa): Sikuti kutopa kokha, komanso kutopa kwambiri komwe sikutha ngakhale mutagona tulo tochuluka bwanji.
• Kupuma movutikira: Ngakhale kuchita ntchito yaying'ono kungakupangitseni kumva ngati mukupuma movutikira.
• Kutupa kwa ma lymph nodes: Kutupa kosapweteka m'malo monga khosi, m'khwapa, ndi m'mimba.
• Matenda ofala: Matendawa amapezeka kawirikawiri chifukwa maselo a thupi omwe amalimbana ndi matenda amafooka.

Kuwonjezera pa izi, pakhoza kukhala zizindikiro zina:

• Kupweteka kwa thupi, makamaka kupweteka kwa mafupa.
• Thukuta lonyowa usiku: Kufikira pamene machira a pabedi amanyowa.
• Chiwindi kapena ndulu yokulirapo.
• Kupweteka kwa mafupa.
• Malungo osalekeza.
• Kuchepetsa thupi kosamveka bwino.
• Kutupa kapena kutuluka magazi kosazolowereka, kutuluka magazi ngakhale kuchokera ku bala laling'ono, madontho ang'onoang'ono ofiira (petechiae) kapena madontho ofiirira (purpura) pakhungu.

Chofunika ndichakuti, musaope kuti muli ndi khansa chifukwa chakuti muli ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikirozi. Izi zitha kukhalanso zizindikiro za matenda ena ofala. Koma ngati zizindikirozi zikupitirira kwa milungu ingapo, ndi bwino kupita kwa dokotala ndikupita kuchipatala.

N’chifukwa chiyani khansa ya m’magazi imeneyi imayamba? Kodi chifukwa chake n’chiyani?

Chifukwa chachikulu cha khansa ya m'magazi ndi kusintha (kusintha kwa majini) mu `DNA` ya maselo a m'magazi. Mwachidule, `(DNA)` ili ngati "malo olamulira" omwe amapereka malangizo ku maselo athu. Chilichonse chomwe chimatsimikizira nthawi yomwe selo la m'magazi liyenera kukula, nthawi yomwe liyenera kugawikana, ndi nthawi yomwe liyenera kufa chimatsimikiziridwa ndi malangizo operekedwa ndi `(DNA)` iyi.

Kotero, ngati malangizo olakwika alembedwa mu `(DNA)` iyi, ndiko kuti, ngati `(mutation)` yachitika, maselo a magazi osazolowereka amayamba kupangidwa m'thupi lathu. Maselo osazolowerekawa amayamba kugawikana mofulumira komanso mosalamulirika kuposa maselo abwinobwino. Zimenezi zikachitika, maselo abwinobwino a magazi amadzaza pang'onopang'ono, ndipo dongosolo limadzazidwa ndi maselo ambiri osazolowereka.

Pamapeto pake, chiwerengero cha maselo abwinobwino omwe amapangidwa ndi mafuta a m'mafupa chimachepa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe maselo abwino okwanira omwe amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'thupi.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zingachititse kuti munthu adwale khansa ya m'magazi?

Pali zinthu zina zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga khansa ya m'magazi. Zinthu zake ndi izi:

• Zaka: Chiwopsezo chimawonjezeka ndi ukalamba.
• Jenda: Amuna ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza khansa ya m'magazi.
• Kusuta: Anthu omwe amasuta kapena omwe amasuta fodya ndi omwe amasuta fodya ndi omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
• Kukhudzidwa ndi mankhwala oopsa: Kukhudzidwa ndi mankhwala monga `(Benzene)` ndi `(Formaldehyde)` kwa nthawi yayitali kungapangitse kuti chiopsezocho chiwonjezeke. Chiwopsezochi n'chokwera kwa anthu ogwira ntchito m'malo monga mafakitale.
• Chithandizo cha khansa cha m'mbuyomu: Ngati mudalandirapo chithandizo cha khansa monga chemotherapy kapena radiation therapy, chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi khansa ya m'magazi chikhoza kuwonjezeka pang'ono.
• Mbiri ya m'banja: Mitundu ina ya khansa ya m'magazi imapezeka m'mabanja. Komabe, si aliyense amene ali ndi khansa ya m'magazi amene ali ndi mbiri ya m'banja lake ya matendawa.
• Matenda ena: Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda enaake odziteteza ku matenda a autoimmune (matenda omwe amaukira maselo a thupi), kutupa kosatha, ndi matenda enaake a majini ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya m'magazi.

Kodi pali chilichonse chomwe tingachite kuti tichepetse chiopsezochi?

Kunena zoona, khansa ya m'magazi si matenda omwe angathe kupewedwa kotheratu. Ngakhale munthu wathanzi wopanda zinthu zoopsa akhoza kudwala khansa ya m'magazi. Komabe, popewa zinthu zina zoopsa, monga kupewa kusuta fodya, chiopsezocho chingachepe pang'ono.

Kodi madokotala amazindikira bwanji matendawa? (Kuzindikira)

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, dokotala adzakufunsani kaye za zizindikiro zanu, mbiri yanu yachipatala, komanso ngati pali aliyense m'banja mwanu amene wakhalapo ndi matendawa. Kenako adzakuyezani thupi lonse. Kutengera mtundu wa khansa yomwe dokotalayo akukayikira, angafunike kuyeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

• Mayeso a Magazi:
• Kuchuluka kwa Magazi Okwanira (CBC): Izi zimayang'ana kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira, maselo oyera, ndi ma platelet m'magazi komwe kuli kochepa kapena kokwera.
• `Mayeso a Magazi`: Izi zimayang'ana mapuloteni ndi ma enzyme ena m'magazi. Izi zitha kukhala zizindikiro za khansa ya m'magazi.
• Mayeso ojambulira: Izi zitha kuwona zizindikiro za khansa mkati mwa thupi. Zitsanzo za mayesowa ndi monga CT scans, MRI scans, ndi PET scans.
• Kufufuza za Mafupa a M'mafupa: Dokotala wanu adzatenga chitsanzo chaching'ono cha mafupa anu ndikuwunika. Izi zithandiza kuona kuchuluka kwa maselo a khansa osazolowereka omwe alipo poyerekeza ndi maselo abwinobwino, komanso ngati pali kusintha kulikonse mu DNA komwe kungayambitse khansa.

Kodi mankhwala a khansa ya m'magazi ndi otani?

Mwamwayi, tsopano pali njira zambiri zamakono zochizira khansa ya m'magazi. Nazi zina mwa njira zazikulu zochizira:

• Mankhwala a Chemotherapy:Uwu ndiye mankhwala akuluakulu a khansa ya m'magazi. Umagwira ntchito powononga maselo a khansa ndikuletsa kufalikira kwa matendawa, kapena kuwachotsa kwathunthu. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala a ``Chemotherapy`` imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa ya m'magazi.
• Chithandizo cha Radiation: Chithandizochi chimagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwamphamvu kwambiri kuti kuwononge DNA ya maselo osazolowereka ndikuletsa kugawikana. Nthawi zina chithandizochi chimaperekedwanso kuti chichepetse zizindikiro (Palliative Care). Nthawi zambiri chimaperekedwa pamodzi ndi mankhwala ena.
• Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy: Izi zimagwira ntchito polimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi lanu kuti chithandize kulimbana ndi khansa. Ma Monoclonal Antibodies ndi CAR T-cell Therapy ndi mankhwala otchuka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi.
• Thandizo Lolunjika: Mankhwalawa amapangidwira kuthana ndi zofooka zinazake m'maselo a khansa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini.
• Kusamutsa Maselo Oyambira:
• Kusamutsa Maselo Oyambira Okha: Mu izi, madokotala amasonkhanitsa ndikusunga maselo oyambira kuchokera ku mafupa anu asanakupatseni mankhwala amphamvu a chemotherapy. Pambuyo poti mankhwala a chemotherapy apha maselo a khansa, maselo oyambira athanzi amabwezeretsedwa m'thupi lanu. Kenako amapanga maselo athanzi amagazi.
• Kusamutsa Maselo Oyambira a Allogeneic: Nthawi zina, ndikofunikira kusintha mafuta owonongeka a m'mafupa ndi mafuta abwino a m'mafupa. Pankhaniyi, madokotala amapeza munthu wopereka mafuta ofunikira omwe angakuyenerereni ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito maselo awo kusintha maselo anu owonongeka.

Kodi mukufuna kukaonananso ndi dokotala liti?

Dokotala wanu adzakuuzani zizindikiro kapena zizindikiro zomwe muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa mukatha kulandira chithandizo. Mankhwala onse a khansa angayambitse zotsatirapo zoyipa, zina zomwe zingakhale zoopsa. Dokotala wanu adzakufotokozerani momwe mungathanirane ndi zotsatirapo zoyipazi kunyumba. Adzakuuzaninso nthawi yomwe muyenera kupanga nthawi yokumana ndi dokotala kapena kufunafuna chithandizo chadzidzidzi.

Kodi khansa ya m'magazi ingachiritsidwe kwathunthu?

Inde! Nthawi zambiri, cholinga cha chithandizo cha khansa ya m'magazi ndi kuchiritsa matendawa kwathunthu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti khansayo yatha kwathunthu ndipo sidzabweranso. Ngakhale nthawi zina kuchira kwathunthu sikungatheke, mankhwala apamwamba tsopano amalola mitundu ina ya khansa ya m'magazi kupita ku mkhalidwe wotchedwa "kukhululukidwa." ''Kukhululukidwa'' kumatanthauza kuti chithandizo chachepetsa khansayo mpaka kufika poti siikuonekanso ndipo sichingathe kuzindikirika ndi mayeso. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mutha kukhala moyo wabwinobwino komanso wathanzi ndi matendawa.

Kodi kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'magazi ndi kotani?

Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amapulumuka chimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa khansa, koma anthu ambiri amayembekezera kukhala ndi moyo wautali ngati munthu amene alibe khansa ya m'magazi.

Kumbukirani, palibe amene anganeneretu nthawi yeniyeni yomwe munthu adzakhala ndi moyo. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu ina ya khansa ya m'magazi ndi yoopsa kwambiri kuposa ina. Komanso, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe apulumuka matendawa sikuganizira za kupambana kwa mankhwala aposachedwa. Ndipotu, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe apulumuka matenda a lymphoma chawirikiza kawiri m'zaka 40 zapitazi. Ndipo chiwerengero cha anthu omwe apulumuka khansa ya m'magazi kwa zaka zisanu chawirikiza kanayi m'zaka 40 zapitazi! Anthu ambiri akupulumuka khansa ya m'magazi tsiku lililonse.

Kodi ndingachite chiyani kuti ndizimva bwino?

Khansa ya m'magazi ndi chithandizo chake zingakhudze thanzi lanu lonse. Nazi zinthu zina zomwe zingakuthandizeni kukhala ndi thanzi labwino:

• Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso zopatsa thanzi. Khansa ya m'magazi ndi mankhwala ake zingayambitse kulephera kudya. Ngati mukuvutika kudya, lankhulani ndi katswiri wa zakudya za momwe mungapezere zakudya zomwe mukufuna.
• Khalani otanganidwa momwe mungathere. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi n'kofunika, koma funsani dokotala wanu kuchuluka kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi komwe mungachite mosatekeseka.
• Pumulani kwambiri. Mvetserani thupi lanu. Pumulani nthawi iliyonse yomwe mukufuna, osati mukatopa kokha.
• Dzitetezeni ku matenda. Funsani dokotala wanu za njira zopewera kudwala (monga kupewa malo odzaza anthu, kusamba m'manja pafupipafupi).
• Samalani thanzi lanu la maganizo. Munthawi zovuta ngati izi, kulankhula ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo kapena kulowa nawo gulu lothandizirana kungakhale gwero lalikulu la mphamvu. Zingakuthandizeninso kuthana ndi mavuto a moyo pambuyo pa khansa.

Chifukwa cha mankhwala atsopano, anthu ambiri tsopano ali ndi khansa ya m'magazi kuposa kale lonse. Ndipo anthu ambiri omwe adapezeka ndi matendawa ali bwino. Iyi ndi nkhani yabwino. Koma khansa ya m'magazi ikadali matenda oopsa. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito bwino thandizo lonse ndi zinthu zomwe zilipo kwa inu. Mvetsetsani njira zonse zochiritsira. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za momwe matenda anu ndi chithandizo chanu zidzakhudzira tsogolo lanu.

Uthenga Womaliza Wopita Nawo Kunyumba

Khansa ya Magazi ndi mawu owopsa. Koma kumbukirani zinthu izi:

• Chidziwitso ndiye mphamvu yaikulu kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa bwino za matendawa ndi mankhwala ake.
• Masiku ano, pali mankhwala othandiza kwambiri a khansa ya m'magazi. Anthu ambiri amachira bwino kapena amakhala bwino ndi matendawa.
• Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zilizonse, pitani kwa dokotala mwamsanga.
• Kambiranani zonse momasuka ndi dokotala wanu panthawi ya chithandizo.Funsani mafunso anu onse ndi mantha anu.
• Simuli nokha. Pezani thandizo kuchokera kwa abale, abwenzi, ogwira ntchito zachipatala, ndi magulu othandizira.

Ndikukhulupirira kuti izi zikuthandizani. Khalani ndi thanzi labwino!

Khansa ya Magazi , Khansa ya M'magazi, Lymphoma, Myeloma, Zizindikiro za Khansa, Chithandizo cha Khansa