Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo kuti magazi awa omwe ali m'thupi lathu amachokera kuti ndipo amapangidwa bwanji? Tikudziwa kufunika kwa magazi awa kuti tikhale athanzi, kutiteteza ku matenda, komanso kunyamula mpweya m'thupi lathu lonse. Kotero lero tikambirana za njira yodabwitsa iyi, yomwe ndi thupi lathu limapanga maselo atsopano a magazi lokha. Ali ngati fakitale yaying'ono mkati mwa thupi.
Kodi hematopoiesis ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule, Hematopoiesis ndi njira yopangira maselo a magazi mkati mwa matupi athu. Pamene maselo akale amagazi akufa, maselo atsopano amagazi ayenera kupangidwa nthawi zonse kuti awalowe m'malo. Popanda iwo, magazi athu sadzachepa. Njirayi imayamba tisanabadwe ndipo imapitirira mu kuzungulira kwa miyoyo yathu yonse.
Mawu awa angamveke ngati ovuta pang'ono, koma tanthauzo lake ndi losavuta. Amapangidwa ndi mawu awiri achigiriki:
- Haîma (Haima): amatanthauza "magazi"
- Poiēsis: amatanthauza "kupanga chinthu"
Tsopano mwamvetsa, sichoncho? Mawu awiriwa akaphatikizidwa, amatanthauza "kupanga magazi." Nthawi zina mawu monga `(hemopoiesis)` ndi `(hematogenesis)` amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa izi.
Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya maselo a magazi omwe amapangidwa ndi njirayi ndi iti?
Magazi athu amapangidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo. Mitundu yonseyi ya maselo imapangidwa panthawi ya hematopoiesis. Tiyeni tiwone mitundu ikuluikulu ndi ntchito zake.
| Mtundu wa maselo a magazi | Ntchitoyi ndi yosavuta. |
|---|---|
| Maselo Ofiira a M'magazi kapena Erythrocytes | Izi ndi 'ntchito yotumizira' yomwe imatenga mpweya kuchokera m'mapapo athu ndikuupititsa ku ziwalo zina zonse ndi selo m'thupi. Zimanyamulanso zinyalala za carbon dioxide zomwe zimapangidwa ndi maselo kubwerera ku mapapo. Magazi athu ali ndi maselo ofiira ambiri m'magazi. Njira yopangira izi imatchedwa Erythropoiesis . |
| Maselo Oyera a M'magazi kapena Leukocytes | Awa ndi 'gulu lankhondo' la thupi lathu. Maselo oyera awa amatiteteza ku matenda polimbana ndi adani ochokera kunja monga majeremusi, mabakiteriya, ndi mavairasi. Amathandizanso kuwononga maselo osadziwika bwino omwe amapangidwa mkati mwa thupi. Njira yowapangira imatchedwa leukopoiesis . |
| Mapulateleti kapena Ma Thrombocyte | Tangoganizirani zomwe zingachitike mutadula dzanja lanu. Patapita kanthawi, kutuluka magazi kumasiya, sichoncho? Ndicho chimene ma platelet amathandiza nacho. Izi ndi zidutswa za maselo omatira. Pakakhala bala, zimalumikizana kuti zipange magazi oundana, zomwe zimaletsa kutuluka magazi. Njira yopangira izi imatchedwa thrombopoiesis . |
Kodi pali mitundu ya maselo oyera a magazi?
Inde, monga momwe zilili m'gulu lathu lankhondo, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo oyera amagazi. Aliyense ali ndi ntchito yakeyake yoti achite. Mitundu yayikulu ndi iyi:
- Ma Neutrophils
- Ma Basophils
- Ma eosinophils
- Ma monocyte
- Ma Lymphocyte - Awa amagawidwanso m'maselo a B, maselo a T, ndi maselo a Natural Killer.
Kodi magazi amenewa amapezeka kuti kwenikweni?
Fakitale yaikulu yomwe imapanga maselo a magazi awa ili mkati mwa mafupa athu. Mafupa ndi minofu yofewa, yooneka ngati siponji mkati mwa mafupa athu akuluakulu. Maselo a magazi amapangidwa mu mafupa, omwe kenako amalumikizana ndi mitsempha yathu yamagazi.
Ngakhale magazi nthawi zambiri amapangidwa m'mafupa, nthawi zina zapadera, mwachitsanzo, ngati mafupa ayamba kudwala matenda omwe amalepheretsa kupanga magazi, ziwalo monga chiwindi chathu ndi ndulu zimathanso kuyamba kupanga magazi.
Koma malo omwe magazi amenewa amapangidwa ndi osiyana pang'ono tisanabadwe komanso titabadwa.
Asanabadwe (pa nthawi ya fetal)
M'masabata oyamba a mimba, magazi amapangidwa mu kapangidwe kotchedwa yolk sac. Kenako, pamene mimba ikupita patsogolo, ntchito imeneyi imasamutsidwira ku chiwindi ndi ndulu. Pofika mwezi wachisanu wa mimba, magazi amayamba kupangidwa makamaka m'mafupa.
Pambuyo pobadwa
Kuyambira tsiku lomwe timabadwa mpaka kukula, mafuta a m'mafupa ndiye malo ofunikira kwambiri opangira maselo a m'magazi. Komabe, mtundu wina wa maselo oyera a m'magazi otchedwa lymphocytes umakulanso m'malo monga thymus, omwe ndi gawo la dongosolo la lymphatic, kuwonjezera pa mafuta a m'mafupa.
Kodi njira ya hematopoiesis imachitika bwanji?
Njira yonseyi imayamba ndi selo limodzi lapadera. Imeneyi imatchedwa Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC).Tiyeni tiyitane iyi kuti "selo yaikulu" kapena "selo yaikulu." Selo yaikulu iyi ikhoza kukhala selo yofiira ya magazi, selo yoyera ya magazi, platelet, kapena mtundu uliwonse wa selo ya magazi.
Taganizirani izi ngati dothi. Monga momwe zimakhalira mu mbiya, dothi lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga mphika, mbale, kapena china chilichonse, maselo aliwonse amagazi amatha kupangidwa kuchokera ku selo la HSC ili.
Selo la HSC limeneli poyamba limakhala selo "loyambira". Kenako selo loyambira limagawanika ndikusiyana kangapo, pamapeto pake kukhala selo lofiira la magazi, selo loyera la magazi, kapena ma platelet omwe ali ndi kukula kokwanira.
- Kupanga maselo ofiira a m'magazi (Erythropoiesis): Selo la HSC limakula kukhala selo loyambirira lotchedwa ``erythroblast'', lomwe pamapeto pake limakhala selo lofiira la m'magazi.
- Kupanga maselo oyera a m'magazi (Leukopoiesis): Pali njira ziwiri zopangira maselo oyera apa. Maselo ena oyera amapangidwa kudzera mu njira ya ``myeloid cell line``, ndi ma lymphocyte kudzera mu njira ya ``lymphoid cell line```.
- Kupanga Mapulateleti (Thrombopoiesis): Selo la HSC limakula kukhala selo lalikulu lotchedwa ``megakaryocyte.'' Kenako, mapulateleti amapangidwa mwa kusweka m'zidutswa kuchokera ku selo lalikululi.
Nanga bwanji ngati pali vuto ndi njirayi?
Matupi athu ndi abwino kwambiri polamulira kupanga maselo a magazi awa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti timangopanga kuchuluka kwa maselo omwe timafunikira. Koma matenda ena amatha kusokoneza njirayi. Ndiye maselo ochepa a magazi amatha kupangidwa, kapena ambiri amatha kupangidwa. Palibe chilichonse mwa izi chomwe chili chabwino kwa thupi.
| Mtundu wa maselo a magazi | Ngati chiwerengero cha maselo chachepa (Chochepa Kwambiri) | Ngati chiwerengero cha maselo chikuwonjezeka (Chambiri) |
|---|---|---|
| Maselo ofiira a magazi | Matendawa amatchedwa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. Thupi limatopa komanso kufooka chifukwa maselo a thupi salandira mpweya womwe amafunikira. | Matendawa amatchedwa Erythrocytosis . Angayambitse magazi kukhuthala, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda monga matenda a mtima kapena sitiroko. |
| Maselo oyera a magazi | Matendawa amatchedwa Leukopenia . Maselo oyera akakhala ochepa, chitetezo cha mthupi chimafooka, ndipo matenda amatha kuchitika pafupipafupi. | Matendawa amatchedwa Leukocytosis . Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mukamalimbana ndi matenda. Koma amathanso kuchitika m'matenda ena a magazi kapena khansa. |
| Mapulateleti | Matendawa amatchedwa Thrombocytopenia . Ngakhale kuvulala pang'ono kungayambitse kutuluka magazi kosatha. Mutha kukhala ndi mabala m'thupi lanu. | Matendawa amatchedwa thrombocytosis , ndipo amawonjezera chiopsezo cha magazi kuundana mkati mwa mitsempha yamagazi. |
Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimasokoneza njira ya hematopoiesis?
Njira yopangira magazi iyi ikhoza kusokonekera pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana.
- Ukalamba: Pamene tikukalamba, mafuta omwe amapezeka m'mafupa amatha kuwonjezeka, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu yopanga maselo a magazi.
- Matenda a magazi ndi khansa: Khansa monga khansa ya m'magazi, lymphoma, ndi myeloma zingayambitse kuchuluka kwa maselo olakwika a magazi omwe sagwira ntchito bwino.
- Mankhwala ena: Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala a khansa amatha kupha osati maselo a khansa okha komanso maselo a magazi abwino. Izi ndi zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala ena.
Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro monga kutopa nthawi zonse, kutentha thupi ndi matenda pafupipafupi, kuvulala popanda chifukwa, kapena kutuluka magazi kuchokera pabala komwe kumatenga nthawi yayitali kuti kuthe, onetsetsani kuti mwalankhula ndi dokotala wanu. Izi zitha kukhala zizindikiro za vuto la magazi.
Kutuluka kwa magazi m'thupi ndi njira yokhazikika komanso yofunika kwambiri kuti tipulumuke. Fakitale yaying'ono iyi yomwe ili mkati mwa mafupa athu ndi yomwe imatipangitsa kukhala athanzi komanso amphamvu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kusamalira thanzi la magazi athu.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- HematopoiesisLimatanthauza njira imene thupi lathu limapangira maselo a magazi otchedwa maselo ofiira a magazi, maselo oyera a magazi, ndi ma platelets.
- Izi zimachitika makamaka m'mafupa mkati mwa mafupa athu.
- Maselo ofiira a m'magazi amanyamula mpweya, maselo oyera amatiteteza ku matenda, ndipo ma platelet amasiya kutuluka magazi tikavulala.
- Kuchuluka kwa maselo m'magazi kotsika kapena kokwera kuposa kwachibadwa kungayambitse matenda osiyanasiyana.
- Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro monga kutopa kwambiri kosaneneka, matenda opatsirana pafupipafupi, kapena kutuluka magazi mosazolowereka, ndikofunikira kuonana ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo kuti akupatseni upangiri.
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