Tangoganizani kuti mukudula ndiwo zamasamba kukhitchini ndipo mwangozi mwadula dzanja lanu. Kapena tiyerekeze kuti mwana wamng'ono wagwa akusewera ndipo wavulala bondo lake. Poyamba, magazi pang'ono amatuluka, koma pakapita nthawi, ngakhale titapanda kuchita chilichonse, magazi amatuluka, sichoncho? Izi sizinthu zina chabe. Iyi ndi njira yodabwitsa yodzitetezera m'thupi lathu. Mu zamankhwala, timatcha izi hemostasis . Mwachidule, iyi ndi njira yachilengedwe yomwe imaletsa kutuluka magazi kuchokera pabala ndikukonzekeretsa thupi kuti lichiritse bala limenelo.
Ndiye kodi njira imeneyi yotchedwa hemostasis imachitika bwanji?
Izi zikumveka ngati nkhani yosangalatsa kwambiri. Mawu akuti hemostasis amapangidwa ndi magawo awiri. "Hemo" amatanthauza "magazi" ndipo "stasis" amatanthauza "kusiya" kapena "kusunga chete." Mwachidule, amatanthauza "kusiya kuyenda kwa magazi." Izi zimayamba mkati mwa masekondi angapo kuchokera pamene munthu wavulala. Ndizachilendo kuti magazi atuluke chifukwa cha kuvulala kwa mphindi ziwiri mpaka zisanu ndi ziwiri.
Iyi si njira imodzi yokha. Imachitika m'masitepe angapo, monga gulu la amisiri aluso omwe akugwira ntchito limodzi kuti amalize ntchito. Tiyeni tiwone masitepe anayi akuluakulu.
| Masitepe | Chimachitika ndi chiyani (mwachidule) |
|---|---|
| Gawo 1: Kutsekeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi | Mitsempha ya magazi (mitsempha ya magazi) pamalo ovulalawo imalimba, ngati kufinya chitoliro cha madzi. Izi zimachepetsa kuyenda kwa magazi. |
| Gawo 2: Kupanga pulagi yakanthawi | Ma platelet, mtundu wa selo laling'ono lomwe limayandama m'magazi athu, limathamangira komwe kwavulalako n'kumamatira. Amalumikizana ndikutseka bala kwakanthawi. Zili ngati kuyika chivundikiro pa botolo. Izi zimatchedwanso primary hemostasis . |
| Gawo 3: Kuyambitsa unyolo wozungulira | Tsopano ntchito yeniyeni yayamba. Zimene zili m'magaziMapuloteni otchedwa coagulation factors amayatsidwa limodzi ndi limodzi, zomwe zimalimbitsa chisindikizo cha kanthawi. Izi zili ngati chain reaction. Izi zimatchedwa secondary hemostasis . |
| Gawo 4: Kupanga magazi oundana nthawi zonse | Pamapeto pake, ma platelet ndi puloteni yapadera yotchedwa fibrin zimasonkhana pamodzi kuti zipange magazi olimba kwambiri, okhazikika, monga njerwa ndi matope zomwe zimamanga khoma. Izi zimatseka bala lonse. Pambuyo pake, pamene bala likuchira, magazi oundanawa amasungunuka ndipo khungu latsopano limapangidwa. |
Mwachidule, hemostasis ndi "plaster" yachilengedwe ya thupi lathu. Popanda iyo, ngakhale kukanda pang'ono kungatipangitse kutuluka magazi ambiri komanso kupha anthu.
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati njira iyi yalakwika?
Ngakhale kuti njirayi nthawi zambiri imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, nthawi zina imatha kusokonekera. Kenako mavuto awiri angabuke:
1. Kusatseka magazi: Apa ndi pamene magazi satseka bwino pakafunika kutero. Ngakhale bala laling'ono lingayambitse kutuluka magazi kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mabala ndi zilonda.
2. Kuchuluka kwa magazi m'thupi: Izi zimachitika pamene magazi amaundana m'thupi pamene sakufunikira. Izi zitha kukhala zoopsa kwambiri.
Ngati magazi amaundana kwambiri (Hypercoagulability)
Izi ndi zoopsa chifukwa magazi oundana omwe amapangika m'thupi (omwe timawatcha kuti thrombosis ) amatha kuyenda m'mitsempha yamagazi ndikukhazikika m'ziwalo zofunika kwambiri monga ubongo, mtima, ndi mapapo. Ndicho chimene chimachitika.
- Stroke: Ngati magazi oundana atseka mtsempha wamagazi womwe umanyamula magazi kupita ku ubongo.
- Matenda a Mtima: Ngati magazi oundana atseka mtsempha wamagazi womwe umapatsa magazi kumtima.
- Kutupa kwa Mapapo: Izi zitha kuchitika pamene magazi amaundana ( Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT ), omwe nthawi zambiri amapangika m'mitsempha yozama mwendo, amasweka ndikukhazikika m'mitsempha m'mapapo.
Mitundu ina ya khansa, matenda a majini (monga Factor V Leiden , kusowa kwa mapuloteni C ), ndi matenda ena (monga Antiphospholipid syndrome , matenda oopsa - sepsis ) amatha kuwonjezera magazi kuundana mwanjira imeneyi.
Ngati magazi amaundana kwambiri (Hypocoagulability)
Izi ndi zosiyana. Chifukwa magazi anu sauma bwino, kuvulala kulikonse kungakhale koopsa. Ngakhale kuvulala pang'ono kungayambitse kutuluka magazi ambiri. Pakhozanso kukhala kutuluka magazi osawoneka m'thupi.
Zitsanzo zazikulu za izi ndi izi:
- Hemophilia: Iyi ndi matenda a majini omwe thupi silipanga chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa zinthu zofunika kuti magazi aziundana.
- Matenda a Von Willebrand: Imeneyi ndi matenda ofala kwambiri a majini ofanana ndi hemophilia.
- Thrombocytopenia: Kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha ma platelet, omwe ndi maselo oyambira magazi kuundana. Vutoli limatha kuwoneka mu mitundu ina ya khansa (monga khansa ya m'magazi ).
Kodi mumadziwa bwanji ngati pali mavuto ngati amenewa?
Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, dokotala wanu adzakutumizani kwa dokotala wa matenda a magazi. Iye adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu ndikulamula kuti muyezedwe magazi.
Zina mwa mayeso amenewo ndi:
- Kuchuluka kwa Magazi Onse (CBC)
- Chiwerengero cha Mapulateleti
- Nthawi Yotuluka Magazi
- Nthawi ya Prothrombin (PT)
- Nthawi Yogwira Ntchito ya Thromboplastin Yosakwanira (aPTT)
- Mlingo wa Fibrinogen
Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?
Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zilizonse, musamazinyalanyaze . Izi zitha kukhala zadzidzidzi.
| Gulu la zizindikiro | Zinthu zoti muzisamala nazo |
|---|---|
| Zizindikiro za kuchuluka kwa magazi kuundana (Hypercoagulability) - Izi ndi zadzidzidzi, pitani ku ETU nthawi yomweyo! | |
| Ubongo (kupuwala) | Kusanza mbali imodzi ya thupi, kuvutika kulankhula, kugwada mbali imodzi ya nkhope, mutu waukulu. |
| Matenda a mtima (mtima) | Kupweteka pachifuwa, kuvutika kupuma, kufooka, kugunda kwa mtima mofulumira, kukomoka. |
| M'mapapo (Pulmonary Embolism) | Kupuma movutikira, kupweteka pachifuwa, kukoholera magazi, milomo yabuluu kapena zala, kukomoka. |
| Mu mwendo (DVT) | Ululu, kutupa, ndi kufiira m'malo olumikizirana mafupa kapena kwina kulikonse pa mwendo. |
| Zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi - lankhulani ndi dokotala ngati muli ndi izi. | |
| Zinthu zodziwika bwino | • Kutuluka magazi m'mphuno pafupipafupi komanso kuvutika kuletsa kutuluka magazi. • Kutuluka magazi m'kamwa mukamatsuka mano. • Ngakhale bala laling'ono limatuluka magazi kwa nthawi yayitali. • Kutupa (madontho abuluu/ofiirira) pathupi popanda chifukwa. |
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Kutaya magazi m'thupi ndi njira yachilengedwe komanso yofunika kwambiri yomwe thupi lathu limasiya kutuluka magazi chifukwa cha kuvulala.
- Iyi ndi njira yovuta yomwe imaphatikizapo masitepe angapo.
- Nthawi zina njira imeneyi ingasokonezeke. Matenda onse awiri, otchedwa hypercoagulability kapena hypocoagulability, akhoza kukhala oopsa.
- Zizindikiro monga kupweteka pachifuwa mwadzidzidzi, kuvutika kupuma, kapena kutaya chidziwitso mbali imodzi ya thupi zingakhale chizindikiro cha magazi kuundana. Zikatero, pitani ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Padzidzidzi (ETU) ya chipatala nthawi yomweyo.
- Ngati mukumva mabala popanda chifukwa, kapena ngati mukutuluka magazi ambiri chifukwa cha mabala ang'onoang'ono, musanyalanyaze ndipo lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu.
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