Kodi mwamuuza mwana wanu za matenda a Glioma apamwamba? Tiyeni tikambirane za izi.

N'zovuta kufotokoza momwe zimakhalira ngati kholo kumva kuti mwana wanu ali ndi khansa ya muubongo. Pali mafunso ambiri omwe amabwera m'maganizo mwanu panthawi ngati iyi. Chifukwa chake, lero tikambirana za High-Grade Glioma, mtundu wa chotupa cha muubongo chomwe chikufalikira mofulumira. Tikukhulupirira kuti izi zikupatsani kumvetsetsa ndi mphamvu paulendo wovutawu.

Kodi Glioma Wapamwamba ndi Chiyani? Tiyeni timvetse mosavuta.

Mwachidule, glioma yapamwamba ndi mtundu wa khansa yomwe imakula mofulumira kwambiri muubongo wa mwana wanu kapena msana. "Glioma" amatanthauza chotupa. Zotupa izi zimapangidwa pamene mtundu wa selo wotchedwa "maselo a glial" umayamba kugawikana ndikukula mofulumira popanda kulamulira. Maselo a glial awa ndi mtundu wa selo lomwe limathandizira ndikudyetsa ma neuron, kapena mitsempha, mu dongosolo lathu lapakati la mitsempha.

"High-grade" zikutanthauza kuti mtundu uwu wa glioma umakula mofulumira kwambiri komanso mwamphamvu . Ndipotu, ma glioma apamwamba sangakhale ochiritsidwa kwathunthu nthawi zonse. Izi zili choncho chifukwa ndi ovuta kuchiza. Izi zili choncho chifukwa maselo a khansa awa amafalikira mwachangu muubongo kapena msana. Amakulanso mwa kulowa ndi kulumikizana ndi maselo athanzi. Tangoganizirani momwe zimakhalira zovuta kuchotsa khansa yokha popanda kuvulaza minofu yathanzi pamene maselo athanzi ndi maselo a khansa alumikizana. Ndicho chifukwa chake nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kuwachotsa kwathunthu ndi opaleshoni.

Kodi "kalasi" ya ma glioma apamwamba ndi chiyani?

Bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO) limagawa ma gliomas m'magulu malinga ndi kukula kwawo komanso kuopsa kwawo. Chifukwa chake, pali mitundu iwiri: "yotsika kwambiri" (yosaopsa kwambiri, giredi 1 ndi 2) ndi "yokwera kwambiri" (yovuta kwambiri, giredi 3 ndi 4). Ma gliomas apamwamba ndi zotupa zomwe zimakula mwachangu zomwe zili giredi 3 kapena 4.

Matenda ena a glioma mwa akuluakulu amayamba ali a giredi yotsika kenako n’kukhala a giredi yapamwamba. Komabe, modabwitsa, matenda a glioma apamwamba mwa ana nthawi zambiri amayamba ali a giredi yapamwamba. Komabe, matenda a glioma otsika mwa ana nthawi zambiri amatha kuchiritsidwa ndipo nthawi zambiri samakhala a giredi yapamwamba.

Kodi matenda a glioma apamwamba amapezeka kuti muubongo?

Matenda a glioma apamwamba nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu "supratentorial compartment" ya ubongo, kapena brainstem.

• Chipinda chapamwamba: Ichi ndi dera la ubongo lomwe lili ndi ubongo, thalamus, ndi hypothalamus. Zotupazi zimatha kupangidwa kuchokera ku maselo a glial omwe ali pano.
• Chigawo cha ubongo:Ma glioma apamwamba awa amathanso kukula mu gawo la ubongo lotchedwa ``pons``. Izi zimatchedwa mtundu wapadera wa ``Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas'' (DIPG). Mtundu uwu wa DIPG ndi woopsa kwambiri ndipo ndi wovuta kuchiza.

Malo omwe chotupacho chili ndi kofunika kwambiri, chifukwa ndi komwe kudzatsimikizira njira zochiritsira zomwe mwana wanu angapeze. Mwachitsanzo, zotupa zomwe zili mu ubongo nthawi zambiri sizingachotsedwe bwino mwa opaleshoni.

Ndani amene akukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi vutoli?

Glioma yapamwamba imatha kuchitika mwa makanda, ana okulirapo, achinyamata, komanso akuluakulu. Komabe, glioma yapamwamba mwa makanda ndi ana aang'ono ndi yosiyana ndi glioma yapamwamba mwa achinyamata ndi akuluakulu. Chifukwa cha kusiyana kumeneku, chithandizo cha makanda ndi ana aang'ono chingakhale chosiyana.

Kodi glioma yapamwamba ndi yofala bwanji?

Matenda a glioma apamwamba ndi mtundu wachiwiri wofala kwambiri wa khansa ya muubongo mwa ana. Amakhala pakati pa 10% ndi 20% ya matenda onse omwe amakhudza dongosolo la mitsempha mwa ana.

Kodi zizindikiro za glioma yapamwamba ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi mwana. Zimatengera gawo la ubongo (kapena msana) lomwe chotupacho chakhudza, zaka za mwana, komanso momwe chotupacho chikukulira mofulumira. Zizindikirozi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa chotupacho chikukankhira ubongo ndikupangitsa kutupa.

Chizindikiro chofala kwambiri ndi mutu. Izi ndi zoona makamaka ngati mutuwo ukuphatikizidwa ndi nseru kapena kusanza. Mutuwu umakhala woopsa kwambiri m'mawa. Nthawi zina, ukhoza kukhala woopsa kwambiri moti umakudzutsani usiku. Tangoganizirani mwana wamng'ono akuvutika kwambiri.

Zizindikiro zina zomwe zingawonekere ndi izi:

• Kuvutika kuona, kumva, kapena kulankhula (kuona molakwika, kumva movutikira, kulankhula movutikira).
• Kulephera kulinganiza bwino kapena kufooka kwa minofu (ataxia), monga kuvutika kuyenda kapena kugwira zinthu.
• Kusokonezeka maganizo kapena kulephera kukumbukira.
• Kugona nthawi zonse, kumva kutopa.
• Kugwidwa ndi khunyu (monga kugwidwa ndi khunyu) .

Makanda aang'ono kwambiri (makanda) angaone kulira kosazolowereka, kukwiya, kusintha kwa njira zodyetsera (monga kusamwa mkaka). Nthawi zina angaonenso mitu yawo ikukulirakulira pang'ono, ndipo madontho ofewa (fontanelles) kapena "madzi oundana" pamwamba pa mitu yawo angawonekere kwambiri.

Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani ma glioma apamwambawa amakula? Kodi zimayambitsa chiyani?

Kunena zoona, ofufuza sakudziwabe chifukwa chenicheni cha izi.Kwa akuluakulu, chithandizo cha radiation chomwe chidapezeka kale chapezeka kuti ndi chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a khansa. N'zotheka kuti ana nawonso angakhudzidwe ndi zinthu zofanana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matenda akunja kapena chilengedwe, koma kafukufuku wowonjezereka akufunika.

Komabe, matenda ena obadwa nawo omwe sapezeka kawirikawiri amatha kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a glioma mwa ana. Matenda a majini ndi vuto kapena kusokonekera kwa majini, omwe ndi "code" yomwe imauza maselo momwe angagwirire ntchito.

Nazi zina mwazochitika zotere:

• Mtundu wa Neurofibromatosis 1 (`Neurofibromatosis type-1 - NF1`)
• Matenda a Turcot
• Matenda a Li-Fraumeni

Komabe, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti ana ambiri omwe ali ndi glioma yapamwamba sakhala ndi mbiri ya m'banja lawo ya vutoli.

Kodi matenda a glioma apamwamba amawapeza bwanji?

Dokotala wa mwana wanu choyamba adzayang'ana mosamala zizindikiro za mwana wanu ndi mbiri yake yachipatala. Kenako, angafufuze ubongo, kapena 'imaging', kuti aone ngati pali chotupa komanso ngati chikuyambitsa zizindikirozo. Ngati pali chotupa, angafufuze 'biopsy' kuti adziwe ngati ndi khansa (yoopsa) kapena yosaopsa (yosaopsa).

• Kujambula Zithunzi: Kujambula kwa MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) ndi CT scan (Computed Tomography scan) kungathandize madokotala kuona zotupa mu ubongo wa mwana wanu kapena msana. MRI, makamaka MRI yowonjezereka, imatha kupanga zithunzi zomveka bwino komanso zatsatanetsatane kuposa CT scan. MRI imagwiritsa ntchito maginito ndi mafunde a wailesi kuti ipange zithunzi za zinthu mkati mwa thupi pa kompyuta. Mu MRI yosiyana, utoto wopanda vuto umalowetsedwa m'dzanja la mwana wanu. Izi zimapangitsa kuti malo omwe ali ndi zotupa azioneka bwino pazenera.

• Kufufuza za khansa: Njira yapadera yotchedwa "stereotactic biopsy" imatha kudziwa komwe kuli chotupacho ndikutenga kachidutswa kakang'ono ka minofu kuchokera pamenepo ndikutumiza ku labu. Kenako, katswiri wotchedwa "pathologist" amafufuza maselowo kuti awone ngati ndi maselo apamwamba a glioma. Mayesowa amathanso kuzindikira makhalidwe ena a maselo a khansa. Makhalidwe amenewa nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa chithandizo. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala ena atsopano a khansa amapangidwa kuti azigwira ntchito pa mitundu ina ya maselo a khansa okha. Chifukwa chake, mayesowa angathandizenso kudziwa ngati mwana wanu ndi woyenera kulandira chithandizocho.

Nthawi zina, ngati n'kotheka, madokotala amachotsa chotupa chonsecho m'malo mongotenga chidutswa chaching'ono kuti achipime.Kenako, pamodzi ndi matenda, chithandizo (opaleshoni) chimachitikanso.

Komabe, sikuti nthawi zonse kuchita biopsy kungakhale kotheka m'ma glioma apamwamba. Kutengera komwe chotupacho chili (mwachitsanzo, mu ubongo), kutenga chidutswa cha minofu kungawononge ziwalo zofunika kwambiri za ubongo. Pazochitika zotere, madokotala amadalira mayeso ojambula kuti adziwe matenda.

Kodi glioma yapamwamba kwambiri ingachiritsidwe kwathunthu?

Funso ili ndi lalikulu kwambiri m'maganizo mwa aliyense. N'zovuta kupereka yankho lolunjika. Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza izi, monga msinkhu wa mwana, kusintha kwa majini komwe kulipo m'maselo a khansa, komanso kuchuluka kwa chotupa chomwe chinachotsedwa panthawi ya opaleshoni.

Kodi mankhwala a glioma yapamwamba ndi ati?

Zolinga zazikulu za chithandizo ndi kuchotsa chotupacho, kuletsa kapena kulamulira kukula kwa chotupacho, komanso kupereka mpumulo kwa mwana pochepetsa zizindikiro.

Kutengera mtundu wa chotupa, komwe chili, ndi zinthu zina, akatswiri angapo angakhale nawo pa chisamaliro cha mwana wanu. Gululi likhoza kuphatikizapo dokotala wa opaleshoni ya mitsempha, katswiri wa mitsempha, katswiri wa khansa ya radiation, katswiri wa endocrinologist, namwino, ndi wogwira ntchito yothandiza anthu.

Chimodzi mwa zotsatirazi chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chithandizo:

• Opaleshoni: Opaleshoni ndiyo njira yaikulu yothandizira matenda a glioma apamwamba omwe angachotsedwe bwino. Apa, dokotala amayesa kuchotsa chotupa chochuluka momwe angathere popanda kuwononga minofu yathanzi yozungulira.
• Chithandizo cha radiation: Chithandizo cha radiation cha focal ndi chithandizo chodziwika bwino cha ana azaka zopitilira 3. Ana aang'ono kwambiri nthawi zambiri samapatsidwa chithandizo cha radiation chifukwa chingakhudze kukula kwa ubongo wawo. Chithandizochi chimaphatikizapo makina omwe amagwiritsa ntchito X-ray yambiri kuti ayang'ane chotupacho, ndikusamala kuti asawononge minofu yathanzi yozungulira. Chithandizo cha radiation chimachepetsa zotupa, chimapha maselo a khansa, ndikuchepetsa zizindikiro.
• Chemotherapy: Popeza ana aang'ono kwambiri sangalandire chithandizo cha radiation, chemotherapy imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kukula kwa chotupa. Chemotherapy imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera maselo a khansa. Komabe, pali mkangano wokhudza momwe chemotherapy imagwirira ntchito bwino pa ma glioma apamwamba. Ngakhale mankhwala ena a chemotherapy, monga temozolomide, amagwira ntchito bwino pa mitundu ina ya ma glioma mwa akuluakulu, mankhwala omwewo sagwira ntchito bwino kwa ana.
• Chisamaliro cha kupweteka kwa mutu:Akatswiri osamalira odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la kupuma angakuthandizeni kupanga zisankho zomwe zingathandize mwana wanu kukhala ndi moyo wabwino panthawi ya chithandizo. Angakuuzeninso njira zothandizira mwana wanu kuthana ndi matendawa komanso kupeza mpumulo ku zizindikiro zake.

Matenda a glioma apamwamba amatha kubwereranso pambuyo pa chithandizo. Ngati izi zitachitika, dokotala wanu angakupatseni malangizo a "mankhwala ochizira matenda." Awa ndi mankhwala omwe amangokhudza mamolekyu osazolowereka (omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini) mu chotupa cha mwana wanu. "Mankhwala ochizira matenda ochizira matenda" awa angapezeke kudzera mu "mayesero azachipatala." Mayesero azachipatala ndi maphunziro omwe amayesa chitetezo ndi kugwira ntchito kwa mankhwala atsopano.

Nthawi zina, ngati mankhwala ochiritsira awa ali pamsika, kapena ngati kafukufuku wakale wasonyeza kuti ndi othandiza pa mtundu wa glioma wa mwana wanu, dokotala wanu akhoza kukupatsani mankhwalawa kunja kwa mayeso azachipatala.

Kodi zotsatirapo zake ndi ziti?

Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za zotsatirapo zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha njira zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira. Ngakhale madokotala amayesetsa momwe angathere kuti apewe kuwononga minofu yathanzi panthawi yolandira chithandizo cha radiation, minofu ina yathanzi ikhoza kukhudzidwabe. Kutengera ndi mbali ziti za ubongo zomwe zakhudzidwa, chithandizo cha radiation chingakhudze ntchito ya ubongo, kukula kwa mwana, komanso kusokoneza kupanga mahomoni.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kukambirana mosamala ndi kuganizira ubwino ndi zoopsa zomwe zingabwere chifukwa cha chithandizo ndi gulu lachipatala lomwe likuthandiza mwanayo.

Kodi ndiyenera kuyembekezera chiyani ngati mwana wanga ali ndi glioma yapamwamba?

Matenda a mwana wanu amadalira zinthu zambiri, zomwe dokotala wanu angakambirane nanu. Mtundu wa maselo omwe akhudzidwa, makhalidwe a maselowo, ndi kuchuluka kwa chotupa chomwe chinachotsedwa panthawi ya opaleshoni zonse zimatsimikizira zotsatira zake.

Funsani dokotala wanu zomwe mungayembekezere kutengera vuto la mwana wanu.

Kodi chiŵerengero cha kupulumuka kwa glioma yapamwamba ndi chotani?

Mtundu uwu wa chotupa ukhoza kubwereranso pambuyo pa chithandizo. Chiŵerengero cha moyo wa zaka zisanu cha ma glioma apamwamba mwa ana ndi chochepera 20%. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti zotupa izi ndizosiyana kwambiri. Zimakula m'malo osiyanasiyana, ndipo mawonekedwe a maselo omwe ali mmenemo ndi osiyana. Kusiyana kumeneku kungakhudze tsogolo la mwana wanu.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala?

Pali mafunso ambiri omwe amabwera m'maganizo mwanu panthawi ngati iyi. Koma musaiwale kufunsa dokotala wanu mafunso awa:

• Ndi njira ziti zochiritsira zomwe zilipo kwa mwana wanga?
• Kodi malo a chotupacho amakhudza bwanji njira zochiritsira?
• Kodi zoopsa zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha chithandizo ndi ziti?
• Kodi tiyenera kuyembekezera zotsatira zotani kuchokera ku chithandizo?
• Kodi ndiyenera kusamalira bwanji mwana wanga panthawi ya chithandizo?
• Kodi mwana wanga adzafunika kangati kupita kuchipatala ndi kukamutsatira?

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira

Kupeza matenda a glioma apamwamba kungakhale kovuta kwambiri. Khansa iyi imafalikira mofulumira, ndipo zotupa zimatha kubwerera ngakhale mutalandira chithandizo. Nthawi zambiri muyenera kuyeza ubwino wa chithandizocho poyerekeza ndi zotsatirapo zomwe simukufuna kuti mwana wanu akumane nazo.

Gwiritsani ntchito zinthu zonse zomwe zilipo kuti zikuthandizeni inu, mwana wanu, ndi banja lanu lonse panthawiyi. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za njira zochiritsira komanso mayeso azachipatala. Ngati pali chithandizo chamankhwala chothandiza, funsani kwa iwo. Mutsimikizireni mwana wanu kuti nthawi zonse muzimuthandiza pamene mukukumana ndi matendawa limodzi. Izi zidzakhala gwero lalikulu la mphamvu kwa iye.

Glioma , Khansa ya Ubongo, Khansa ya Ana, Glioma Yapamwamba, Opaleshoni ya Ubongo, Chithandizo cha Radiation, Chemotherapy