Kodi mukudziwa za HIV ndi Edzi? Tiyeni tikambirane za matenda oopsa awa (HIV ndi Edzi)!

Mukamva mawu akuti HIV ndi AIDS, mwina mumachita mantha pang'ono, eti? Ngakhale kuti pali nkhani zambiri zokhudza izi m'gulu la anthu, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa bwino lomwe zomwe zili, momwe zimachitikira, komanso momwe mungadzitetezere. Chifukwa chake lero, tikambirana za izi mwatsatanetsatane, mwanjira yomwe mungamvetse.

Kodi HIV ndi chiyani? (Kodi HIV ndi chiyani?)

Mwachidule, kachilombo ka HIV kamatanthauza kachilombo ka Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Kachilomboka kakalowa m'thupi mwathu, kamaukira chitetezo chathu chamthupi. Makamaka, cholinga chachikulu cha kachilomboka ndi maselo a CD4, mtundu wa maselo oyera amagazi omwe amateteza matupi athu ku matenda. Pamene kachilombo ka HIV kakuwononga maselo amenewa, mphamvu ya thupi lathu yolimbana ndi matenda imachepa pang'onopang'ono.

Kachilombo ka HIV kameneka kamagwira ntchito mwanzeru kwambiri. Kamayambitsa malangizo ake mu DNA ya maselo athu. Timatcha mavairasi omwe amagwira ntchito mobwerera m'mbuyo ngati aka kuti ndi kachilombo ka retrovirus .

Ndiye kodi Edzi ndi chiyani? (Kodi Edzi ndi chiyani?)

AIDS imayimira Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome . Iyi ndi gawo lomaliza komanso loopsa kwambiri la kachilombo ka HIV. Munthu amene ali ndi AIDS amatanthauza kuti chitetezo cha mthupi lake chafooka kwambiri ndi kachilombo ka HIV, ndipo kuchuluka kwa maselo a CD4 kwatsika kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kuti azitha kudwala matenda osiyanasiyana (matenda opatsirana mwangozi) komanso khansa zomwe munthu wathanzi sangadwale mosavuta.

Kawirikawiri, ngati kachilombo ka HIV sikachiritsidwa, kangapitirire kukhala Edzi mkati mwa zaka 10.

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa HIV ndi Edzi ndi kotani?

Anthu ambiri amasokoneza zinthu ziwirizi. HIV ndi kachilombo. Ndi kachilombo komwe kamafooketsa chitetezo chathu cha mthupi. Edzi ndi matenda oopsa omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kachilombo ka HIV. Ndi mndandanda wa matenda omwe amachitika chitetezo cha mthupi chikafooka kwambiri.

Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti munthu amene alibe kachilombo ka HIV sangadwale matenda a Edzi.

Ndi mankhwala apamwamba a masiku ano, si aliyense amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amene adzadwala matenda a Edzi. Komabe, ngati salandira chithandizo, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ali pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda a Edzi.

Kodi kachilombo ka HIV kamakhudza bwanji munthu?

Kachilombo ka HIV kakalowa m'thupi mwathu, kamapita mwachindunji kukapeza maselo a CD4 (Helper T cells) m'thupi lathu. Kenako kamawononga maselo amenewa. Izi zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera m'thupi mwathu. Zotsatira zake, chitetezo cha mthupi lathu, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimatha kuchira mosavuta ngakhale titadwala, chimakhala chofooka. Ngakhale matenda ang'onoang'ono amatha kukhala oopsa.

Mukangoyamba kutenga kachilombo ka HIV, mungakhale ndi zizindikiro monga chimfine kapena chimfine. Kenako, kachilomboka kakhoza kukhala m'thupi mwanu kwa zaka zambiri popanda zizindikiro zilizonse. Panthawi imeneyo, kamawononga maselo anu a CD4 mobisa.Pamene chiwerengero cha maselo a CD4 chatsika kwambiri, kapena mukayamba kudwala matenda omwe anthu athanzi salandira, zitha kunenedwa kuti kachilombo ka HIV kafika pa AIDS.

Mukadwala Edzi, mwadzidzidzi mungayambe kuchepa thupi, kumva kutopa kwambiri, kukhala ndi zilonda mkamwa mwanu kapena m'mimba, kukhala ndi malungo, kutuluka thukuta usiku, komanso kukhala ndi khungu losasintha. Komanso, anthu omwe ali ndi Edzi amatha kudwala matenda ena ndi khansa, kotero zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi zimenezo zingawonekerenso.

Tiyeni tiphunzire pang'ono za tanthauzo la kachilombo ka retrovirus.

Maselo a thupi lathu amagwira ntchito motsatira pulani (malangizo) otchedwa DNA. DNA iyi imapanga uthenga wotchedwa RNA, ndipo malinga ndi uthengawo, mapuloteni omwe thupi lathu limafunikira amapangidwa.

Komabe, ma retrovirus amagwira ntchito mosiyana. Malangizo awo amalembedwa mu RNA. Kachirombo kakalowa m'maselo athu, kamasintha RNA yake kuti iwoneke ngati DNA m'maselo athu. Kenako, kamadula DNA m'maselo athu ndikuyikamo malangizo ake. Kenako, maselo athu amagwira ntchito motsatira malangizo a kachilomboka. HIV ndi imodzi mwa ma retrovirus otere.

Ndani amene amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kachilombo ka HIV?

Chikhulupiriro chofala chakuti "anthu enaake okha ndi omwe amatenga kachilombo ka HIV" n'cholakwika kotheratu. Aliyense amene ali pachiwopsezo cha kachilomboka akhoza kutenga kachilombo ka HIV. Kugonana mosadziteteza komanso kugawana singano zobayira mankhwala ndi njira zazikulu zomwe kachilombo ka HIV kamafalikira.

Komabe, malinga ndi ziwerengero, magulu ena a anthu ndi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kwambiri. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.
• Mafuko ena, mwachitsanzo akuda ndi a Hispanic (izi sizikugwirizana kwenikweni ndi Sri Lanka, koma izi ndi momwe zinthu zilili padziko lonse lapansi).
• Anthu omwe amapereka chithandizo cha kugonana posinthana ndi ndalama kapena zinthu zina ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilombo ka HIV.

Anthu awa si okhawo omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Komabe, maguluwa akukumana ndi zopinga zambiri pa kupewa HIV, kuyezetsa magazi, komanso kupeza chithandizo choyenera. Kudana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, tsankho, umphawi, komanso manyazi okhudzana ndi kachilombo ka HIV zimalepheretsa ambiri kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala chapamwamba.

Kodi kachilombo ka HIV kamapezeka bwanji?

Chiwerengero cha anthu atsopano omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV padziko lonse lapansi chatsika pang'ono. Koma anthu ambiri akukhalabe ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Chofunika kwambiri n'chakuti, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV sadziwa kuti ali nako. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyezetsa kachilombo ka HIV nthawi zonse.

Kodi zizindikiro za kachilombo ka HIV ndi ziti?

Mukhoza kutenga kachilombo ka HIV ngakhale mutakhala kuti mulibe zizindikiro zilizonse. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyezetsa kachilombo ka HIV ngakhale simukumva kudwala.

Nthawi zina, mukangoyamba kutenga kachilombo ka HIV, mungakhale ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi malungo kapena chimfine. Izi zimatchedwa "Acute Retroviral Syndrome" (ARS) . Zizindikiro izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Malungo
• Ndikuzizira.
• Kutopa
• Chikhure
• Kupweteka kwa minofu
• Thukuta la usiku
• Kutupa pakhungu
• Ma lymph nodes otupa
• Zilonda pakamwa

Zizindikiro zimenezi nthawi zambiri zimatha mkati mwa sabata imodzi kapena ziwiri, kapena ngakhale mwezi umodzi.

Kodi magawo a kachilombo ka HIV ndi ati?

Pali magawo atatu akuluakulu a kachilombo ka HIV:

Gawo 1: Kutenga kachilombo ka HIV mwachangu

Anthu ena amatha kukhala ndi zizindikiro monga malungo kapena chimfine mkati mwa mwezi umodzi kapena iwiri kuchokera pamene atenga kachilombo ka HIV. Zizindikirozi nthawi zambiri zimatha mkati mwa sabata imodzi kapena mwezi umodzi. Panthawiyi , kachilomboka kakuchulukirachulukira m'thupi, kotero pali chiopsezo chachikulu chopatsira ena.

Gawo Lachiwiri: Kutenga Kachirombo ka HIV Kosatha/Kuchedwa kwa Chipatala

Pambuyo pa gawo loopsa, mutha kukhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV kwa zaka zambiri osadwala. Izi zimatchedwa "gawo losatha" kapena "kuchedwa kwa matenda." Chofunika kukumbukira ndichakuti ngakhale simukumva kudwala, mutha kupatsirabe kachilombo ka HIV kwa ena. Ngati simulandira chithandizo, gawoli limatha kwa zaka 10 kapena kuposerapo. Koma kwa anthu ena, gawoli limatha msanga. Anthu omwe amalandira chithandizo amatha kukhalabe mu gawoli kwa zaka zambiri.

Gawo 3: Edzi

Edzi ndi gawo loopsa kwambiri la kachilombo ka HIV. Pa gawoli, kachilombo ka HIV kafooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi lanu, zomwe zimakupangitsani kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda opatsirana .

Matenda opatsirana mwangozi ndi matenda omwe nthawi zambiri amathetsedwa mosavuta ndi munthu amene ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chathanzi. Komabe, chitetezo chamthupi chikafooka ndi kachilombo ka HIV, matendawa amatha kuvulaza thupi kwambiri.

Chiwopsezo chotenga mitundu ina ya khansa chimawonjezekanso mwa anthu omwe ali ndi Edzi. Khansa ndi matenda obwera chifukwa cha AIDS amadziwika kuti "matenda ofotokoza za AIDS."

Kuti munthu apezeke ndi matenda a Edzi, ayenera kukhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndipo ali ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu izi:

• Kukhala ndi maselo a CD4 osakwana 200 pa kiyubiki milimita imodzi ya magazi (maselo 200/mm3).
• Kukhala ndi "matenda odziwika ndi AIDS" amodzi kapena angapo.

Kodi matenda oyambitsa matenda a Edzi ndi ati?

Izi zikuphatikizapo matenda opatsirana, khansa zina (nthawi zambiri zimayambitsidwa ndi mavairasi), ndi matenda ena a mitsempha. Zitsanzo zina ndi izi:

• Burkitt lymphoma
• Candidiasis ya bronchi, esophagus, trachea kapena mapapo
• Matenda a isosporiasis osatha m'mimba (cystoisosporiasis) omwe amatha nthawi yoposa mwezi umodzi
• Coccidioidomycosis, yofalikira/yotuluka m'mapapo
• Matenda a cryptosporidiosis a m'mimba omwe amatha nthawi yoposa mwezi umodzi
• Matenda a Cytomegalovirus (kupatula chiwindi, ndulu, kapena ma lymph nodes), omwe amapezeka mwa anthu opitirira mwezi umodzi.
• Cytomegalovirus retinitis (ndi kutaya masomphenya)
• Matenda a ubongo omwe amabwera chifukwa cha HIV
• Cryptococcosis ya m'mapapo
• Zilonda za herpes simplex (zomwe zimatha kwa nthawi yoposa mwezi umodzi)
• Matenda a m'mphuno otchedwa Herpes simplex bronchitis, chibayo kapena esophagitis (omwe amapezeka mwa anthu opitirira mwezi umodzi)
• Histoplasmosis, yofalikira/yotuluka m'mapapo
• Matenda a kutayika kwa thupi (HIV wasting syndrome - kuchepetsa thupi kwambiri)
• Khansa ya pachibelekero yowopsa
• Immunoblastic Lymphoma
• Kaposi sarcoma
• Matenda a bakiteriya angapo kapena obwerezabwereza
• Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), yofalikira/yotuluka m'mapapo
• Mycobacterium kansasii, yofalikira/yotuluka m'mapapo
• Mycobacterium TB (TB) kulikonse
• Mitundu ina ya mabakiteriya a mycobacteria kapena mitundu yosadziwika, yofalikira/yosatuluka m'mapapo
• Chibayo cha pneumocystis jirovecii (PCP)
• Lymphoma yoyamba ya ubongo
• Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)
• Chibayo chobwerezabwereza
• Matenda a Salmonella obwerezabwereza (osati a typhoid)
• Toxoplasmosis ya ubongo (imapezeka mwa anthu opitirira mwezi umodzi)

Kodi zizindikiro za Edzi ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za Edzi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha kachilombo ka HIV, komanso matenda ena omwe amawononga chitetezo chamthupi chanu. Zina mwa izi ndi izi:

• Kuchepetsa thupi mwachangu
• Kutentha thupi pafupipafupi kapena thukuta kwambiri usiku
• Kumva kutopa kwambiri popanda chifukwa
• Kutupa kwa m'khwapa, m'mimba, kapena m'khosi
• Kutsegula m'mimba komwe kumatenga milungu ingapo
• Zilonda mkamwa, m'malo otulukira maliseche, kapena m'malo oberekera
• Chibayo
• Madontho ofiira, abulauni, a pinki, kapena ofiirira pakhungu, mkati mwa pakamwa, mphuno, kapena m'zikope
• Kutaya kukumbukira, kuvutika maganizo, ndi matenda ena a ubongo

Kodi chimayambitsa HIV/AIDS ndi chiyani?

Kachilombo ka HIV kamayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo kotchedwa Human Immunodeficiency Virus . Kachilomboka kamaukira maselo a CD4 (maselo a T othandizira) a chitetezo chathu chamthupi.Amawaukira ndi kuwawononga, zomwe zimafooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi.

Edzi imachitika pamene kachilombo ka HIV kamachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa maselo oteteza thupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chifooke mpaka kufika poti sichingathe kulimbana ndi matenda ena.

Kodi kachilombo ka HIV kamafalikira bwanji?

Kachirombo ka HIV kamafalikira kudzera m'magazi, umuna, madzi am'mimba, mkaka wa m'mawere, ndi kutuluka kwa magazi m'matupi mwa munthu amene ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV. Aliyense wa mtundu uliwonse wa amuna kapena akazi kapena chilakolako chogonana akhoza kutenga kachilombo ka HIV ndikupatsa ena.

Kachiromboka kangalowe m'thupi mwanu kudzera mkamwa mwanu, m'matumbo, mbolo, nyini, kapena pakhungu losweka. Pokhapokha ngati pali bala kapena chilonda pakhungu, kachiromboka sikanalowe m'khungu labwino. Ngati muli ndi pakati ndipo muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV, kachiromboka kangapitirirenso kwa mwana wanu.

Kugonana mosadziteteza komanso kugawana singano zobayira mankhwala ndi njira zazikulu zomwe HIV imafalira. Ngakhale mutakhala kuti simukudwala, mutha kupatsira ena kachilombo ka HIV.

Kodi kachilombo ka HIV kangafalikire kudzera mu kupsompsonana?

Popeza kachilombo ka HIV sikafalikira kudzera m'malovu, si zachilendo kupatsirana kachilombo ka HIV kudzera m'kupsompsonana. Komabe, ngati onse awiri ali ndi zilonda pakamwa kapena m'kamwa motuluka magazi, pali mwayi wochepa kwambiri wofalitsa kachilombo ka HIV panthawi yopsompsonana mozama komanso momasuka, chifukwa madzi ena amthupi amatha kusinthana.

Komanso, kachilombo ka HIV sikangathe kufalikira kudzera mu zinthu izi:

• Mwa kugwira kapena kukumbatira munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV/AIDS.
• Kuchokera ku zimbudzi za anthu onse kapena maiwe osambira.
• Kugawana makapu, mbale, kapena mafoni ndi munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV/AIDS.
• Kuchokera ku tizilombo toluma ngati udzudzu.
• Popereka magazi (zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka magazi ku Sri Lanka ndizotetezeka kwambiri).

Ndingadziwe bwanji ngati ndili ndi kachilombo ka HIV?

Simungathe kudziwa ngati munthu ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV mwa kumuyang'ana. Komanso, mutha kutenga kachilombo ka HIV koma osawonetsa zizindikiro zilizonse. Njira yokhayo yodziwira ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndikupita kukayezetsa kachilombo ka HIV.

Popeza munthu m'modzi mwa anthu asanu ndi awiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV sadziwa kuti ali nako, akulangizidwa kuti aliyense wazaka zapakati pa 13 ndi 64 ayezedwe kachirombo ka HIV kamodzi kokha ngati gawo la kuyezetsa thanzi lake nthawi zonse. Kuyezetsa kumeneku ndi kodzifunira komanso kwachinsinsi.

Kodi kachilombo ka HIV kamapezeka bwanji? (Chizindikiro cha matenda)

Kachirombo ka HIV kamapezeka poyesa magazi kapena malovu anu. Mutha kupeza mayesowa kunyumba (ndi zida zoyesera kunyumba), ku ofesi ya dokotala, kapena ku malo oyesera m'dera lanu.

Ngati zotsatira za mayeso anu ndi "Negative" , palibe mayeso ena ofunikira pazochitika izi:

• Ngati simunapezeke ndi kachilombo ka HIV m'njira iliyonse mkati mwa miyezi itatu musanayesedwe.
• Ngati simunakumanepo ndi kachilomboka mkati mwa "nthawi yoyesera magazi" (nthawi yomwe imatenga kuti kachilomboka kadziwike). (Ngati simukudziwa za nthawi yoyesera yomwe mwatenga, funsani dokotala wanu.)

Ngati munapezeka ndi kachilomboka mkati mwa miyezi itatu mutatenga mayeso, ndi bwino kukayezetsanso kuti mutsimikizire kuti palibe kachilomboka.

Ngati zotsatira za mayeso anu zibwera "Zabwino," labu idzachita mayeso ena kuti itsimikizire zotsatira zake.

Kodi ndi mitundu iti ya mayeso oyesera kuti adziwe kachilombo ka HIV?

Pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya mayeso a HIV:

1. Mayeso a Antigen/Antibody:

• Mayeso a antigen amafufuza chizindikiro chotchedwa p24 pamwamba pa kachilombo ka HIV. Mayeso a antibody amafufuza mankhwala omwe matupi athu amapanga motsutsana ndi zizindikirozo. Mayesowa amafufuza zonse ziwiri.
• Dokotala amatenga chitsanzo cha magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha yomwe ili m'dzanja lanu. Chimatumizidwa ku labu ndikuyesedwa ngati ali ndi p24 ndi ma antibodies. Kuyesaku kumatha kuzindikira kachilombo ka HIV pakati pa masiku 18 ndi 45 mutapezeka ndi kachilomboka.
• Kuyesa kwachangu kwa antigen/antibody kungachitike pogwiritsa ntchito magazi otengedwa ndi chala. Kuyesaku kumatha kuzindikira kachilombo ka HIV patatha masiku 18 kuchokera pamene kachilomboka kalowa m'thupi. Kungatenge masiku 90 kuti mupeze zotsatira zolondola. ("Rapid" ikutanthauza nthawi yomwe imatenga kuti mupeze zotsatira, osati nthawi yomwe imatenga kuti mupeze kachilomboka).

2. Mayeso a Antibody:

• Mayesowa amafufuza ma antibodies a HIV m'magazi anu kapena m'malovu. Izi zitha kuchitika potengera magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha yomwe ili m'dzanja lanu, kubayidwa chala, kapena kutengera malovu kuchokera ku swab ya m'kamwa mwanu.
• Zingatenge masiku 23 mpaka 90 munthu atapezeka ndi kachilombo ka HIV kuti akayesedwe kuti akapeze kachilomboka. Mayeso a ma antibodies, omwe amachitidwa pa magazi ochokera m'mitsempha, amatha kuzindikira kachilombo ka HIV mwachangu kuposa mayeso omwe amachitidwa pa malovu kapena magazi ochokera m'chala.

3. Mayeso a Nucleic Acid (NATs):

• Ma NAT amafufuza kachilombo ka HIV m'magazi mwanu. Dokotala amatenga magazi pang'ono kuchokera m'mitsempha yomwe ili m'dzanja lanu. Amatumizidwa ku labu kuti akayesedwe ngati ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
• NAT nthawi zambiri imatha kuzindikira kachilombo ka HIV pakati pa masiku 10 ndi 33 mutapezeka ndi kachilomboka. Komabe, mayesowa nthawi zambiri amachitidwa pokhapokha ngati mwapezeka ndi kachilomboka komwe kali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.

Ngati zotsatira za mayeso anu zili "zabwino," dokotala wanu adzakulangizani kuti muyesedwenso kuti muwone thanzi lanu. Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• Kuchuluka kwa Magazi Onse (CBC)
• Kuyezetsa chiwindi cha kachilombo
• X-ray pachifuwa
• Kuyeza magazi m'thupi (kwa akazi)
• Chiwerengero cha maselo a CD4 (CD4)
• Mayeso a chifuwa chachikulu

Kodi pali mayeso aliwonse a HIV omwe angachitike kunyumba? (Mayeso a kunyumba)

Inde, pali zida zoyezera HIV zomwe mungachite kunyumba. Zina ndi zoyezera mwachangu. M'menemo, mumapaka mkamwa mwanu ndi swab yofewa komanso yosinthasintha. Kenako, swab imayikidwa mu chubu chokhala ndi madzi apadera ndipo zotsatira zake zimawerengedwa. Zotsatira zake zimapezeka mkati mwa mphindi 15-20.

Mayeso ena apakhomo amagwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chobaya chala chanu ndi singano yaying'ono. Dontho la magazi limapakidwa pa khadi, ndipo zida zoyesera zimatumizidwa ku labu kuti akapeze zotsatira.

Ngati zotsatira za mayeso anu kunyumba zili "zabwino," muyenera kuwona dokotala wanu ndikupeza mayeso ena kuti mutsimikizire zotsatira zake.

Kodi pali mankhwala a HIV?

Pakadali pano palibe mankhwala a kachilombo ka HIV. Komabe, pali mankhwala ambiri ogwira mtima omwe angathandize kwambiri kupititsa patsogolo kachilombo ka HIV.

Kodi kachilombo ka HIV kamachiritsidwa bwanji ? (Chithandizo)

Kachirombo ka HIV kamachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala omwa tsiku ndi tsiku otchedwa antiretroviral therapy (ART) .

Kumwa mankhwala osiyanasiyana, osati mankhwala amodzi okha, ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yoletsera kufalikira ndi kuwononga maselo a kachilombo ka HIV. Palinso mapiritsi ophatikizana omwe ali ndi mankhwala angapo mu piritsi limodzi. Dokotala wanu adzasankha mosamala mankhwala oyenera kwa inu.

Cholinga cha chithandizo cha ART ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV m'magazi (viral load) kufika pamlingo womwe sungadziwike poyesa kachilombo ka HIV komanso kuwongolera kufooka kwa chitetezo chamthupi chomwe chimabwera chifukwa cha kachilombo ka HIV.

Mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda a HIV

Mtundu uliwonse wa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ART umagwira ntchito mosiyana kuti uletse kachilombo ka HIV kuti kasapange makope ambiri kapena kufalitsa matenda m'maselo anu. Mtundu womwewo wa mankhwala a ART ukhoza kukhala ndi mayina osiyanasiyana.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala a ART:

• Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
• Zoletsa za non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase (NNRTIs)
• Mankhwala oletsa ma protein (PIs)
• Zoletsa fusion
• Oletsa ma receptor a CCR5 (omwe ndi otsutsana ndi CCR5)
• Zoletsa kusamutsa strand (INSTIs)
• Zoletsa zomangira
• Zoletsa pambuyo popachika
• Zowonjezera za Pharmacokinetic
• Kuphatikiza mankhwala a HIV

Kodi ndimadzisamalira bwanji ndikakhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV?

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kumwa mankhwala anu monga mwalangizidwira, panthawi yoyenera, komanso osadumpha nthawi yokumana ndi dokotala. Izi zimatchedwaZimatchedwa kutsatira malangizo a mankhwala.

Ngati mwaphonya kumwa mankhwala anu, ngakhale mwangozi, kachilombo ka HIV kangasinthe momwe kamafalikira m'maselo (mutate). Ngati zimenezo zitachitika, mankhwala omwe mumamwa sangagwire ntchito. Ngati nthawi yanu yogwirira ntchito ikulepheretsani kumwa mankhwala anu pa nthawi yake kapena kusunga nthawi yokumana ndi dokotala, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za izi.

Kodi ndiyenera kuyembekezera chiyani ngati ndili ndi kachilombo ka HIV?

Ngati mwapezeka ndi kachilombo ka HIV, chofunika kwambiri kudziwa ndichakuti anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV omwe amatsatira malangizo a chithandizo molondola akhoza kukhala ndi moyo wautali, monga momwe munthu wopanda kachilomboka amachitira.

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti ngati kuchuluka kwa maselo anu a CD4 kuli kokwera ndipo kuchuluka kwa mavairasi sikukudziwika mkati mwa chaka chimodzi kuchokera pamene mwayamba kulandira chithandizo, mudzakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri, bola ngati mupitiliza kutsatira dongosolo la chithandizo.

Mukhoza kukonza maganizo anu mwa kuchita zinthu izi:

• Kayezetseni ngati gawo la kafukufuku wa thanzi lanu, kapena ngati mukuganiza kuti mwina mwapezeka ndi kachilomboka.
• Yambani kulandira chithandizo cha ART mwamsanga mutapezeka ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
• Imwani mankhwala anu moyenera tsiku lililonse.
• Pitirizani nthawi yokumana ndi gulu lanu lachipatala.

Ngakhale kuti ART ingachepetse kuchuluka kwa kachilombo m'magazi mwanu kufika pamlingo wosadziwika, sikungathe kuthetseratu kachilomboka m'thupi mwanu (kakhoza kukhala mkati mwa maselo anu). Ngati simumwa mankhwala anu nthawi zonse, kachilomboka kangayambenso kufalikira ndikusintha, ndipo mankhwala anu angasiye kugwira ntchito.

Ngati simulandira chithandizo, zingatenge zaka pafupifupi 10 kuti kachilombo ka HIV kapitirire kukhala Edzi. Ngati mutadwala Edzi koma simulandira chithandizo, mutha kuyembekezera kukhala ndi moyo zaka zina zitatu.

Komabe, pakati pa omwe akulandira chithandizo, ngati kuchuluka kwa maselo a CD4 kuli kokwera ndipo kuchuluka kwa mavairasi sikudziwika mkati mwa chaka chimodzi kuchokera pamene ayamba kulandira chithandizo, akhoza kukhala ndi moyo wautali ngati munthu wopanda kachilombo ka HIV. Ngati kuchuluka kwa maselo a CD4 kuli kotsika mkati mwa chaka chimodzi kuchokera pamene ayamba kulandira chithandizo, kapena ngati kuchuluka kwa mavairasi sikudziwika, akhoza kukhala ndi moyo wochepera zaka 10-20 kuposa munthu wopanda kachilombo ka HIV.

Kodi kachilombo ka HIV kamatha kokha?

HIV siitha yokha. Chifukwa imalowa mu DNA yanu, maselo anu amaganiza kuti ndi gawo lanu. Ngakhale kuti simungakhale ndi zizindikiro kwa zaka zambiri mutatenga kachilombo koyamba, ndipo simungamve kudwala, kachilombo ka HIV kangapitirize kuwononga chitetezo chanu cha mthupi.

Mukamamwa mankhwala, pakhoza kukhala nthawi zina pomwe kachilombo ka HIV kamakhala kochepa kwambiri moti sikangathe kupezeka poyezetsa HIV. Munthawi zimenezi, kachilombo ka HIV kangakhale kobisika m'thupi lanu, kosawoneka. Kakhoza "kudzuka" mtsogolo ndikuyamba kuwononga maselo anu kachiwiri.

Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kupitiriza kumwa mankhwala anu a HIV, ngakhale mutakhala kuti simukumva kudwala kapena muli ndi kachilombo kosadziwika bwino. Popanda chithandizo, kachilombo ka HIV kamafooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi lanu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chisathe kulimbana ndi matenda ena akuluakulu.

Kodi ndingachepetse bwanji chiopsezo changa chotenga kachilombo ka HIV?

Njira yabwino yochepetsera chiopsezo chanu chotenga kachilombo ka HIV ndikuzindikira momwe kamafalira komanso kudziteteza pazinthu zina . Kugonana mosadziteteza komanso kugawana singano zobayira mankhwala ndi njira zazikulu zomwe kachilombo ka HIV kamafalira.

Nazi njira zina zomwe mungachepetsere chiopsezo chanu:

• Gwiritsani ntchito makondomu a latex (malaya) pa mtundu uliwonse wa kugonana (kumaliseche, kumatako, kapena pakamwa). Musagwiritse ntchito makondomu opangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zopangidwa ndi nyama (monga chikopa cha nkhosa).
• Gwiritsani ntchito mafuta odzola okhala ndi madzi (lotion).
• Musagawire singano imodzi kuti mujambule mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• Kayezetseni ndi kulandira chithandizo cha matenda ena opatsirana pogonana. Kukhala ndi matenda ena opatsirana pogonana kumawonjezera chiopsezo chanu chotenga kachilombo ka HIV.
• Musaledzere kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuti musokoneze nzeru zanu. Anthu oledzera sangathe kudziteteza okha.
• Ngati muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilombo ka HIV, funsani dokotala wanu ngati muyenera kumwa PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) .
• Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwina mwakhala mukutenga kachilombo ka HIV, pitani kwa dokotala mwamsanga kuti mudziwe ngati mukufunikira kumwa mankhwala a PEP (Post-exposure prophylaxis) .
• Ganizirani zoyezetsa kuti muwone ngati mungathe kupatsira ena kachilombo ka HIV.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu moyenera n'kofunika kwambiri kuti muteteze ku HIV. Gwiritsani ntchito kondomu ya amuna nthawi iliyonse yogonana yomwe ikuphatikizapo mbolo yanu.

Mukhoza kuteteza nyini yanu kapena buluku lanu pogwiritsa ntchito makondomu a mano kapena makondomu amkati (makondomu achikazi) . Makondomu a mano ndi zidutswa za polyurethane kapena latex zomwe zingayikidwe pamwamba pa nyini kapena buluku panthawi yogonana mkamwa. Kondomu yamkati ikhoza kuyikidwa mu nyini kapena buluku ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Gwiritsani ntchito kondomu yamtundu umodzi yokha nthawi imodzi. Musagwiritse ntchito kondomu ya amuna ndi yamkati nthawi imodzi.

Kodi mankhwala angateteze ku HIV?

Pali mankhwala omwe angathandize kupewa kachilombo ka HIV, kwa iwo omwe adapezeka ndi kachilomboka komanso omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chopezeka ndi kachilomboka. Mankhwalawa amatchedwa PrEP (Pre-exposure prophylaxis) ndi PEP (Post-exposure prophylaxis) .

Kuteteza kufalikira kwa matendawa (PrEP)

PrEP ndi piritsi lomwe mumamwa tsiku lililonse ngati mulibe kachilombo ka HIV koma muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilomboka.

Makamaka, ngati mulibe kachilombo ka HIV, mwakhala mukugonana ndi munthu m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yapitayi, ndipo chilichonse mwa izi ndi zoona, ndi bwino kumwa PrEP:

• Bwenzi lanu logonana lili ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
• Simunagwiritse ntchito kondomu nthawi zonse.
• Mwakhala ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana (STI) m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yapitayi.

PrEP imalimbikitsidwa ngati mulibe kachilombo ka HIV, mukubaya mankhwala, ndipo ngati chimodzi mwa izi ndi zoona:

• Mumabaya mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mnzanu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
• Mumagawana singano kapena zida zina kuti mujambule mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

PrEP si njira yoloŵa m'malo mwa njira zina zodzitetezera. Ngakhale mukumwa PrEP, muyenerabe kugwiritsa ntchito makondomu ndipo pewani kugwiritsa ntchito singano imodzi pobaya mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Chitetezo cha Pambuyo pa Kuwonekera (PEP)

PEP imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a HIV pofuna kupewa kutenga kachilombo ka HIV mwachangu mukangopezeka ndi kachilomboka. PEP ndi ya anthu omwe alibe kachilombo ka HIV, kapena omwe sakudziwa ngati ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV koma akuganiza kuti mwina adapezeka ndi kachilomboka kudzera mu kugonana movomerezana, kugwiriridwa, kugawana singano (kapena zida zina), kapena kukumana ndi vuto la kuntchito.

Muyenera kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito PEP mkati mwa maola 72 mutagonana ndi munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka ndipo muzimumwa tsiku lililonse kwa masiku 28. PEP ndi yadzidzidzi yokha, ndipo si njira yolowera m'malo mwa njira zina zodzitetezera, monga kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu.

Ngati ndili ndi kachilombo ka HIV, ndingatani kuti kasafalikire kwa ena?

Njira zabwino kwambiri zopewera kufalikira kwa kachilombo ka HIV kwa ena ndizofanana kwambiri ndi njira zodzitetezera:

• Uzani anzanu ogonana nawo komanso omwe amakulowetsani mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuti muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
• Tsatirani ndondomeko yanu ya chithandizo ndipo musalumphe mankhwala anu. Ngati kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV sikuonekera, chiopsezo chanu chofalitsa kachilombo ka HIV kudzera mu kugonana chimachepa kwambiri (U=U: Chosaonekera = Chosafalikira).
• Lankhulani ndi mnzanu wogonana naye za kumwa PrEP.
• Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV sikuonekera, valani makondomu pogonana ndi mkazi, m'malungo, komanso mkamwa.
• Musagwiritse ntchito singano kapena zida zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobaya mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• Chepetsani chiwerengero cha anthu ogonana nawo.
• Ngati muli ndi pakati ndipo muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV, kutsatira dongosolo lanu la chithandizo, kuphatikizapo mankhwala a ART, kungachepetse chiopsezo chopatsira kachilomboka kwa mwana wanu.

Kodi ndingatenge mimba ngati ndili ndi kachilombo ka HIV?

Anthu ena amaganiza kuti kachilombo ka HIV kamavuta kutenga mimba, koma si zoona. Ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndipo mukufuna kutenga mimba, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu. Pamodzi mutha kupanga dongosolo loti inu, mnzanu, ndi ana anu amtsogolo mukhale athanzi.

Mungathe kupatsira mnzanu kachilombo ka HIV kudzera m'kugonana mosadziteteza, komanso kwa mwana wanu panthawi ya mimba, kubereka, komanso kuyamwitsa. Kumwa mankhwala a ART kungachepetse kwambiri chiopsezo chopatsira mwana wanu kachilombo ka HIV, makamaka ngati kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV sikudziwika. Dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti mupatse mwana wanu mkaka wa m'mawere m'malo mwa mkaka wa m'mawere.

Ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwina mwapezeka ndi kachilombo ka HIV, imbani dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyamba kulandira chithandizo mwachangu .

Ngati mukudziwa kale kuti muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV, tsatirani malangizo a dokotala wanu okhudza nthawi yoti mulankhule. Ndikofunikira kuchiza matenda aliwonse, choncho lankhulani nawo ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zatsopano monga malungo, thukuta usiku, kutsegula m'mimba, kapena china chilichonse chomwe chikukudetsani nkhawa.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

• Kodi ndili pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilombo ka HIV?
• Kodi ndingatani kuti ndichepetse chiopsezo changa chotenga kachilombo ka HIV?
• Kodi ndingatsimikize bwanji kuti ndamwa mankhwala anga moyenera?
• Kodi ndingatani kuti ndidziteteze ku matenda ena?
• Kodi mungapewe bwanji kufalikira kwa kachilombo ka HIV?
• Kodi zotsatira za mayeso anga zikutanthauza chiyani?
• Kodi kuwerengera magazi anga kumatanthauza chiyani?
• Ndi katemera wotani amene ndiyenera kulandira?

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Njira zochiritsira zili bwino kwambiri masiku ano kuposa momwe zinalili panthawi yomwe mliri wa Edzi unali pachimake. Ngati mwapezeka ndi matendawa msanga, mugwiritse ntchito ma ART, ndikutsatira, muli ndi mwayi wabwino wokhala ndi moyo wautali. Masiku ano, anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amatha kugwira ntchito, kukhala ndi moyo wokangalika, kulera mabanja, komanso kukhala ndi maubwenzi abwino. Ndipotu, zinthuzi zitha kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa thanzi lanu la maganizo.

Kaya tafika pati pankhani ya chithandizo, mwatsoka, manyazi okhudza kachilombo ka HIV akadalipo. Kuwonjezera pa mantha ndi kusatsimikizika komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha matenda atsopano, mungakhalenso ndi nkhawa ndi momwe anthu omwe akuzungulirani angachitire. Ngati mukukayikira zokayezetsa kapena kulandira chithandizo, kapena ngati simukudziwa zomwe mungachite, lankhulani ndi bungwe la anthu ammudzi lomwe limayang'anira za kachilombo ka HIV. Kumbukirani, muli ndi ufulu wothandizidwa, chifundo, komanso chisamaliro chaumoyo chapamwamba.

` HIV, Edzi, chitetezo chamthupi, retrovirus, maselo a CD4, chithandizo cha ART, thanzi la kugonana