Kodi mumatuluka magazi ambiri ngakhale mutadwala bala laling'ono? Tiyeni tiwone ITP (Immune Thrombocytopenia)!

Kodi nthawi zina mumadabwa chifukwa chake ngakhale bala laling'ono limasanduka bala lalikulu, kapena chifukwa chiyani bala laling'ono silingaletse kutuluka magazi? Kapena mumakumana ndi zinthu monga kutuluka magazi m'mphuno popanda chifukwa, kapena kutuluka magazi m'kamwa mukamatsuka mano anu? Ngati zinthuzi zimakuchitikirani nthawi zambiri, mwina ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mudziwe matenda omwe tikukamba lero otchedwa ITP (Immune Thrombocytopenia). Musadandaule, tiyeni tikambirane izi mosavuta.

Kodi Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, ITP (Immune Thrombocytopenia) ndi vuto lomwe magazi anu amakhala ndi maselo ang'onoang'ono ochepa otchedwa ma platelets . Ma platelets awa ndi omwe amathandiza kuletsa kutuluka magazi tikavulala kwinakwake m'thupi lathu. Amapanga magazi oundana ndikuletsa kutuluka magazi . Chifukwa chake, chiwerengero cha ma platelets awa chikachepa, magazi anu sauma mosavuta. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ngakhale kuvulala pang'ono kungayambitse kutuluka magazi kwambiri, kapena mutha kungodzivulaza thupi lanu.

Izi zimatchedwa ITP, ndipo mawu akuti `Immune` amatanthauza chinthu chogwirizana ndi chitetezo chamthupi. `Thrombocytopenia` amatanthauza ma platelet otsika. Chifukwa chake, chomwe chimachitika apa ndikuti chitetezo chanu chamthupi, asilikali omwe amatiteteza ku matenda, amaganiza molakwika kuti maselo anu a platelet ndi mdani wakunja ndipo amawaukira ndikuwawononga. Zili ngati kuwukira munthu m'nyumba mwanu, kuganiza kuti ndi wakuba.

Nthawi zina ITP imatha kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala kapena ayi ndipo imachira pakapita nthawi. Koma kwa anthu ena, imatha kukhala matenda osatha . Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale zizindikiro zimatha kuthetsedwa, zimakhala zovuta kuchira kwathunthu. Mwa anthu otere, chithandizo chingafunike kwa moyo wawo wonse.

Kodi mayina ena a ITP ndi ati?

Mukapita kwa dokotala, angagwiritse ntchito mayina ena kupatula ITP. Choncho ndi bwino kukumbukira mayina awa:

• "Autoimmune Thrombocytopenic Purpura"
• "Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura"
• `Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura` (Dzina ili linkagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kale, `Idiopathic` limatanthauza kuti chifukwa chenicheni sichikudziwika)
• 'Matenda a Werlhof'
• `Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia`

Kaya mupatsa dzina lotani, nthawi zambiri limatanthauza matenda omwewo.

Kodi ITP ndi yofala bwanji?

Ndipotu, ITP ndi matenda osowa kwambiri. Si matenda omwe amakhudza aliyense. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, m'dziko ngati America, ana pafupifupi anayi mwa ana 100,000 aliwonse (4/100,000) ndi akuluakulu atatu mwa akuluakulu 100,000 aliwonse (3/100,000) amapezeka ndi matendawa chaka chilichonse. Matendawa amapezekanso ku Sri Lanka, koma n'kovuta kupeza ziwerengero zenizeni zokhudza matendawa. Koma ngati wina ali ndi matendawa, akhoza kukhala vuto lalikulu kwa iwo, eti?

Kodi pali mitundu ya ITP?

Inde, ITP ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu:

1. ITP Yoyamba:Apa ndi pamene chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chimaukira ma platelet anu popanda chifukwa chomveka. Pafupifupi 80 peresenti (80%) ya odwala ITP ali ndi mtundu uwu. Ndi "matenda a autoimmune disorder", kutanthauza kuti amayamba chifukwa cha kulephera kwa chitetezo cha mthupi.

2. ITP yachiwiri: Izi zimachitika pamene kuchuluka kwa ma platelet kumachepa chifukwa cha matenda ena, matenda, kapena mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo:

• Matenda ena a nthawi yayitali, monga HIV, Hepatitis C, kapena H. pylori (bakiteriya yomwe imayambitsa zilonda zam'mimba)
• Khansa ya magazi
• Zina `(matenda a autoimmune)` (monga lupus - SLE)
• Zingakhalenso chifukwa cha mankhwala ena.

Madokotala amagawanso ITP kutengera nthawi yomwe yakhalapo:

• ITP Yoopsa: Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala bwino pakatha miyezi itatu. Zimapezeka kwambiri mwa ana.
• ITP Yosalekeza: Izi zitha kukhala miyezi itatu mpaka miyezi khumi ndi iwiri (chaka chimodzi).
• Matenda a ITP Osatha: Izi zimatha kwa nthawi yoposa chaka chimodzi. Zimapezeka kwambiri mwa akuluakulu.

Kodi zizindikiro za ITP ndi ziti?

Anthu ena akhoza kukhala ndi ITP popanda zizindikiro zilizonse. Komabe, ngati zizindikirozo zachitika, zimatha kuyamba pang'onopang'ono kapena mwadzidzidzi. Zizindikiro zazikulu ndi izi:

• Petechiae: Apa ndi pamene mukuona madontho ang'onoang'ono ofiira kapena ofiirira pakhungu lanu, makamaka m'miyendo ya m'munsi. Amaoneka ngati ziphuphu. Izi sizitha zokha.
• Purpura: Ma petechiae omwe tawatchula kale amalumikizana ndikupanga madontho akuluakulu ofiira, ofiirira, kapena abulauni. Awa ndi ang'onoang'ono kuposa mabala, koma akuluakulu kuposa madontho amenewo. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha magazi ochepa omwe amatuluka m'mitsempha yaying'ono yamagazi pansi pa khungu.
• Ziphuphu mosavuta: Ngakhale chiphuphu chochepa kulikonse chingayambitse chiphuphu chachikulu kapena kuvulala. Nthawi zina, ziphuphu zimatha kuwoneka popanda chifukwa chomveka.
• Mkamwa wotuluka magazi: Mkamwa wanu ukhoza kutuluka magazi mukatsuka mano anu kapena mukakhala chete. Mkamwa wanu ukhozanso kuoneka ngati watupa.
• Magazi mu ndowe: Ngati ndowe yanu ikuwoneka yakuda kwambiri, ngati phula, ikhoza kukhala kutuluka magazi mkati.
• Magazi mu mkodzo: Ngati madzi omwe ali m'chimbudzi akuoneka ngati pinki kapena ofiira mukamakodza, mwina chifukwa chakuti muli magazi mu mkodzo.
• Kusamba kwambiri kwa akazi: Ngati msambo wanu wa mwezi uliwonse umatenga masiku opitilira asanu ndi awiri, kapena ngati mutuluka magazi ambiri kuposa masiku onse (`Menorrhagia`), chimenecho chingakhalenso chizindikiro cha ITP.
• Kutuluka magazi m'mphuno pafupipafupi.
• Kutupa kwakukulu (Hematoma): Nthawi zina kutupa kwakukulu (`Hematoma`) kungapangidwe pamene magazi ambiri asonkhana pamalo amodzi.
• Kumva kutopa kwambiri (Kutopa).

Chofunika: Ngati muli ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro izi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupita kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo kuti akakupatseni upangiri.

Kodi zifukwa za ITP ndi ziti?

Monga tafotokozera kale, ITP imachitika pamene chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chimapanga ma antibodies motsutsana ndi ma platelet anu molakwika, omwe kenako amauza maselo ena a chitetezo cha mthupi kuti awawononge. Pamene mtsempha wamagazi m'thupi lanu wawonongeka, ma platelet ndi omwe amabwera pamalopo, n'kumamatirana, kupanga magazi kuundana, ndikuletsa kutuluka magazi. Izi zimatchedwa ``primary hemostasis''.

Komabe, ngakhale akatswiri sakudziwabe chifukwa chake chitetezo cha mthupichi chimayamba kuukira ma platelet ake.

Komabe, kafukufuku wina wapeza kuti:

• Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV (kachilombo ka HIV)
• Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka bakiteriya kotchedwa `(H. pylori)` (Helicobacter pylori) (nthawi zambiri izi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zilonda zam'mimba ndi gastritis)
• Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi otchedwa `(Hepatitis C)`

Pali chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda a ITP. Izi zingayambitse matenda ena a ITP.

Kodi matenda a ITP amapezedwa bwanji?

Dokotala asanadziwe ngati muli ndi ITP, choyamba adzakuyesani bwinobwino kuti aone ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za kutuluka magazi, mabala, ndi mawanga monga petechiae ndi purpura. Kenako adzakufunsani za mbiri yanu yakale yachipatala, mankhwala omwe mukumwa, komanso ngati pali aliyense m'banja mwanu amene wakhala ndi vuto la kutuluka magazi.

Chifukwa zizindikiro za ITP zitha kufanana ndi za matenda ena otsekeka magazi kapena matenda ena owopsa monga khansa ya m'magazi, dokotala adzachotsa zifukwa zina zonse (kuzindikira kuti pali kuchotsedwa) asanapange matenda enieni a ITP.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira ITP?

Madokotala nthawi zambiri amachita mayeso awa:

• Kuchuluka kwa Magazi Okwanira (CBC): Izi zimafufuza kuchuluka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo m'magazi anu, kuphatikizapo maselo ofiira, maselo oyera, makamaka ma platelet . Mu ITP, ma platelet awa akhoza kukhala otsika kwambiri.
• Kupaka Magazi Pambali: Mu mayesowa, dontho la magazi limatengedwa, kufalikira pa galasi, ndikuwunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu kuti muwone ngati mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa ma platelet ndi abwinobwino, kapena ngati pali zolakwika zina zilizonse.

Ngati dokotala wanu akuganiza kuti muli pachiwopsezo cha kachilombo ka HIV, Hepatitis C, kapena H. pylori, angachitenso mayeso a matendawa. Nthawi zina kuyezetsa magazi m'mafupa kungachitike, koma izi sizichitika kwa aliyense.

Kodi mankhwala a ITP ndi otani?

Nthawi zambiri,Ana akayamba kukhala ndi ITP, ngati zizindikiro sizili zazikulu, amachira popanda chithandizo chilichonse. Komabe, akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amafunika chithandizo, makamaka ngati kuchuluka kwa ma platelet m'magazi awo kuli kochepa kwambiri kapena ngati pali chiopsezo chotuluka magazi.

Ngati mukufuna chithandizo, dokotala wanu angakulembereni mankhwala owonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma platelet m'magazi anu kapena oletsa chitetezo cha mthupi lanu kuti chisaukire ma platelet m'magazi anu. Mitundu ikuluikulu ya mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi awa:

• Corticosteroids: (monga Prednisolone). Izi zimagwira ntchito poletsa kwakanthawi kupanga ma antibodies omwe amawononga ma platelet. Izi ndi mankhwala oyamba.
• Immunoglobulin (IVIg): Iyi ndi mankhwala operekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha. Amasinthanso momwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimagwirira ntchito komanso amachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa ma platelet.
• Mankhwala otchedwa Thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs): Mankhwalawa amathandiza thupi kupanga ma platelet ambiri.
• Mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi: (monga Rituximab, Mycophenolate). Izi zimachepetsa ntchito ya chitetezo chamthupi ndikuletsa kuwonongeka kwa ma platelet.

Kuwonjezera pa mankhwala awa, dokotala angakulimbikitseninso njira zina:

• Kuchiza matenda oyamba: Ngati matenda achiwiri a ITP, kuchuluka kwa ma platelet kungabwerere mwakale matenda omwe adayambitsa matendawa atachiritsidwa.
• Kusiya mankhwala ena: Ngati mukumwa mankhwala ochepetsa magazi monga aspirin, omwe amawonjezera chiopsezo cha kutuluka magazi, dokotala wanu angakupempheni kuti musiye kumwa mankhwalawo.
• Kuika magazi m'magazi: Ngati magazi anu akutuluka kwambiri ndipo kuchuluka kwa magazi m'magazi anu kuli kochepa kwambiri, mungapatsidwe ma platelet kuchokera kwa munthu wina. Komabe, iyi ndi njira yakanthawi.
• Kuchotsa splenectomy: Splenectomy ndi gawo la thupi lomwe limachotsa maselo akale komanso owonongeka a magazi, komanso ma platelet omwe ali ndi ma antibodies. Mwa anthu ena, ngati mankhwala ena alephera kulamulira matendawa, splen imachotsedwa opaleshoni. Izi zitha kuwongolera kwambiri momwe ITP ilili. Komabe, kuchotsa splen kumatha kuwonjezera chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi matenda ena.

Zotsatirapo zoyipa za chithandizo

Monga mankhwala kapena chithandizo chilichonse, mankhwala a ITP angayambitse zotsatirapo zina. Mwachitsanzo, corticosteroids ingayambitse kunenepa, kutupa nkhope, kusowa tulo, komanso kusintha kwa maganizo. Dokotala wanu adzakufotokozerani zomwe izi ndi zomwe zimawoneka kwa inu. Mwanjira imeneyi, mutha kuzidziwa pasadakhale ndikukambirana nazo ngati muli ndi nkhawa.

Kodi chiyembekezo cha ITP ndi chotani?

Mawonekedwe/maulosi amasiyana malinga ndi munthu, kutengera mtundu wa ITP.

• Kwa anaNgati ITP yoopsa iyamba, anthu ambiri adzachira kwathunthu popanda chithandizo mkati mwa milungu kapena miyezi ingapo.
• Ngati akuluakulu ali ndi ITP yosatha, ikhoza kukhala vuto la moyo wawo wonse. Koma, palibe chifukwa chodera nkhawa. Anthu ambiri amatha kuthana ndi zizindikiro zawo bwino ndi mankhwala ndi mankhwala ena ndikukhala moyo wabwinobwino. Ngakhale madokotala sangathe kuchiritsa ITP kwathunthu, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi ITP yosatha amakhala bwino ndi vutoli kwa zaka zambiri.

Kodi ndimadzisamalira bwanji?

Ngati muli ndi ITP, mungafunike kumwa mankhwala kwa moyo wanu wonse kuti thupi lanu lipange ma platelet okwanira. Muyeneranso kupewa zochita ndi zizolowezi zomwe zimakuikani pachiwopsezo chovulala ndi kutuluka magazi. Taganizirani izi, ngakhale kugwa pang'ono kungakhale vuto lalikulu, sichoncho? Choncho dziwani izi:

• Pewani masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe amakhudza thupi lonse monga mpira, rugby, nkhonya, karate, basketball, ndi hockey ya ayezi momwe mungathere.
• Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi ITP, onetsetsani kuti wavala zovala zodzitetezera monga chisoti, mawondo, ndi ma elbow pads akamachita zinthu zilizonse, monga kukwera njinga, kukwera skateboard, kapena kukwera skate.
• Mukamayenda pagalimoto kapena pagalimoto, nthawi zonse valani lamba wa chitetezo , ndipo musaiwale kumanga bwino lamba wa chitetezo cha mwana wanu kapena kumuyika pampando wa galimoto.
• Ngati mukumwa mankhwala aliwonse ogulitsidwa kunja kwa chipatala kapena zowonjezera zitsamba, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za iwo ndipo mupemphe chilolezo chawo . Mankhwala ena ochepetsa ululu, monga aspirin ndi ibuprofen, komanso mankhwala ena azitsamba, angapangitse kuti magazi azituluka.

Ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati mwapezeka ndi ITP ndipo mukulandira chithandizo, dokotala wanu adzakuyang'anirani nthawi zonse. Komabe, pakadali pano:

• Ngati muwona mabala atsopano ,
• Ngati muli ndi madontho ofiira ang'onoang'ono (`petechiae`) pakhungu lanu,
• Ngati mukumva ngati mukutuluka magazi mosavuta kuposa masiku onse,

Izi zikutanthauza kuti vuto lanu likhoza kuipiraipira, kapena kuchuluka kwa ma platelet m'magazi anu kungakhale kochepa. Zikatero, pitani kwa dokotala mwamsanga. Iye akhoza kuyang'ananso kuchuluka kwa ma platelet m'magazi anu ndikusintha chithandizo chanu ngati pakufunika kutero.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Anthu Odwala Pangozi (ETU) liti?

Izi sizichitika kawirikawiri, koma nthawi zina ITP ingayambitse kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha ma platelet m'magazi ndipo mumayamba kutuluka magazi mosalamulirika. Mwachitsanzo, ngati muli ndi mphuno yomwe siima, mkamwa mukutuluka magazi, msambo wambiri, kapena bala lomwe silimasiya kutuluka magazi ngakhale mutakanikiza, ndi vuto lachipatala.Zikatero, muyenera kupita kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo. Komanso, ngati mwagunda mutu wanu, kapena ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za kutuluka magazi muubongo, monga mutu waukulu, kusanza, kapena kusintha kwa masomphenya, pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

Mukazindikira kuti muli ndi ITP, mungakhale ndi mafunso ambiri. Musachite mantha kapena kuchita manyazi kufunsa dokotala wanu za zonsezi. Nazi mafunso ena omwe mungafunse:

• Kodi ndili ndi mtundu wanji wa ITP? (Yachangu, yosatha, yoyamba, yachiwiri?)
• Kodi mungandilimbikitse chithandizo chanji? Chifukwa chiyani?
• Kodi zitenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti mankhwalawo apeze machiritso/zotsatira zake?
• Kodi ndiyenera kumwa mankhwalawa tsiku lililonse?
• Ngati chithandizo choyamba sichikuyenda bwino, kodi chotsatira nchiyani?
• Kodi zotsatirapo zake ndi ziti? Kodi ndiyenera kuchita chiyani ngati zitachitika?
• Ndi kusintha kotani komwe ndiyenera kusintha pa zakudya ndi moyo wanga?
• Ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi ati omwe ndi abwino kwa ine? Ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi ati omwe si abwino kwa ine?

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ndikakhala ndi pakati ndili ndi ITP?

Ngati muli ndi pakati kapena mukukonzekera kutenga pakati, kudziwa kuti muli ndi ITP kungakhale koopsa kwambiri. Koma mutha kukhala omasuka podziwa izi: ITP nthawi zambiri siimakhudza mwachindunji mwana wanu wosabadwa.

Chiwerengero cha ma platelet m'mwana chikhoza kukhala chochepa pang'ono akamabadwa, koma nthawi zambiri izi zimakhala zakanthawi kochepa ndipo zimawonjezeka mkati mwa masiku ochepa. Madokotala adzayang'ana kuchuluka kwa ma platelet m'mwana.

Ngati muli ndi ITP yochepa panthawi ya mimba, ndipo zizindikiro zanu sizili zazikulu, simungafunike chithandizo chilichonse. Komabe, ngati kuchuluka kwa ma platelet m'magazi anu kuli kochepa kwambiri kapena muli pachiwopsezo chotuluka magazi, mungafunike chithandizo. Pazochitika zotere, dokotala wanu wa ana ndi dokotala wa magazi adzagwirizana kuti asankhe chithandizo chotetezeka kwa inu ndi mwana wanu . Adzasamaliranso kwambiri panthawi yobereka.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Chabwino, tsopano mwamvetsa bwino zomwe takhala tikulankhula, ITP (Immune Thrombocytopenia). Nazi zinthu zofunika kukumbukira:

• ITP ndi vuto lomwe chitetezo cha mthupi lanu chimawononga ma platelet anu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi azitseka.
• Zizindikiro zake zingakhale monga kuvulala pang'ono, mawanga ofiira pakhungu, komanso kutuluka magazi pafupipafupi.
• Izi zikachitika kwa ana, nthawi zambiri zimakhala bwino pakapita nthawi. Akuluakulu angafunike chithandizo cha nthawi yayitali.
• Ngakhale kuti ITP singathe kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu, ndi chithandizo chabwino, zizindikiro zimatha kulamulidwa ndipo moyo wabwino ukhoza kupezeka.
• Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, musaope kupita kwa dokotala. Iye adzakupatsani upangiri ndi chithandizo chomwe mukufuna.
• Dzitetezeni ku kuvulala, tsatirani malangizo a dokotala, ndipo imwani mankhwala anu monga momwe mwalangizidwira.

Matenda a ITP akhoza kukhala oopsa, makamaka pamene mukungotuluka magazi. Koma simuli nokha. Pali madokotala omwe angakuthandizeni ndikusamalirani. Choncho, yang'anani ndi vutoli molimba mtima. Ngati muli ndi nkhawa iliyonse, onetsetsani kuti mwalankhula ndi dokotala wanu.

ITP , Matenda a Thrombocytopenia, ma platelet, magazi kuundana, kutuluka magazi, chitetezo chamthupi, kuvulala, petechiae, purpura