Tiyeni tiphunzire bwino za khansa ya kapamba. Zinthu izi ndizofunikira kwa inunso!

Lero tikambirana za matenda omwe ndi oopsa pang'ono, koma tonsefe tiyenera kudziwa za matendawa. Ndi khansa ya kapamba, kapena `(Khansa ya Pancreatic)`. Mu izi, maselo a chiwalo chotchedwa kapamba m'thupi lathu amayamba kuchita zinthu molakwika. Popeza iyi ndi matenda obisika pang'ono, chofunika kwambiri ndikudziwa izi nthawi yake.

Kodi khansa ya kapamba ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, khansa ya kapamba ndi pamene maselo a kapamba wanu amagawikana mofulumira ndikukula kukhala chotupa, kapena chotupa. Tsopano mwina mukudabwa kuti kapamba ndi chiyani ndipo ali kuti, sichoncho? Ndi gland mkati mwa mimba mwathu, pakati pa msana ndi mimba. Imapanga mahomoni omwe amalamulira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwathu, ndi ma enzyme omwe amatithandiza kugaya chakudya.

Khansa zambiri za kapamba zimayambira m'mitsempha ya kapamba. Njira yayikulu yolumikizira kapamba ndi njira yathu yolumikizira ndulu.

Mwatsoka, khansa iyi siipezeka mosavuta poyesa zithunzi kumayambiriro kwake. Choncho anthu ambiri akamadziwa kuti ali nayo, khansayo imakhala itafalikira kale, kapena yafalikira. Chifukwa china n’chakuti khansa imeneyi siilimbana ndi mankhwala ambiri oletsa khansa. Choncho ndi yovuta kuchiza.

Kafukufuku akupitilirabe pankhaniyi, makamaka kudzera mu kuyesa majini ndi njira zatsopano zojambulira zithunzi, koma tili ndi zambiri zoti tiphunzire.

Kodi mitundu ya khansa ya pancreatic ndi iti?

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya khansa ya kapamba :

• Zotupa za m'mimba: Zoposa 90% za khansa ya kapamba ndi zamtunduwu. Mtundu wofala kwambiri umatchedwa adenocarcinoma. Mtundu uwu umayambira m'maselo omwe ali mkati mwa ziwalo zathu.
• Matenda a Neuroendocrine (NETs): Mtundu uwu wa chotupa umakhala ndi zotupa zosakwana 10% mwa zotupa zonse. Umatchedwanso islet cell carcinoma.

Kodi khansa imeneyi ndi yofala bwanji?

M'dziko ngati America, mitundu itatu mwa 100 ya khansa imatchedwa khansa ya kapamba. Ndi khansa ya 10 yofala kwambiri pakati pa amuna komanso khansa yachisanu ndi chitatu yofala kwambiri pakati pa akazi. Mwatsoka, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe akukhudzidwa ndi khansa iyi chikuwonjezeka tsiku ndi tsiku. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, ikhoza kukhala chifukwa chachiwiri chachikulu cha imfa za khansa ku America pofika chaka cha 2030. Ino ndi nthawi yoti tidandaule ndi izi ku Sri Lanka.

Kodi zizindikiro za khansa ya pancreatic ndi ziti?

Mwatsoka, zizindikiro zoyambirira za khansa iyi sizikuonekera bwino. Zizindikiro zimayamba kuonekera pamene chotupacho chikukulirakulira pang'ono ndikuyamba kukhudza ziwalo zina m'thupi lathu.

Zizindikiro za khansa ya pancreatic zitha kukhala:

• Jaundice (kutuluka chikasu pakhungu): Uku ndi kutuluka chikasu kwa oyera a maso ndi khungu. Anthu ena amatchanso kuti 'yellow fever'.
• Mkodzo wakuda: Mkodzo umasintha kukhala wachikasu wakuda, nthawi zina mtundu wa madzi a tiyi.
• Zoponda zowala: Mungaone kuti zoponda zanu ndi zadothi kapena imvi.
• Kupweteka m'mimba: Mungamve kupweteka m'mimba pamwamba, makamaka pamwamba pa mchombo.
• Kupweteka pakati pa msana: Izi ndi zomwe anthu ambiri amanena. Kuphatikiza pa kupweteka m'mimba, palinso kupweteka pakati pa msana.
• Kutopa: Sikuti kutopa kokha, komanso kumva ngati watopa mosasamala kanthu za kugona kwanu kochuluka bwanji.
• Khungu loyabwa: Izi zitha kuchitika makamaka ndi jaundice.
• Kusanza ndi kusanza: Kusanza ndi kusanza pamodzi ndi kusowa chilakolako cha chakudya.
• Kudzimbidwa kapena kudzimbidwa: Kumva kukhuta ngakhale mutadya chakudya chochepa, kumva kukhuta m'mimba.
• Kusowa chilakolako chofuna kudya: Kutaya chilakolako chofuna kudya.
• Magazi amaundana: Nthawi zina magazi amaundana m'miyendo.
• Kuchepetsa thupi: Mumachepetsa thupi popanda chifukwa, popanda kulamulira zakudya zanu.
• Matenda a shuga atsopano: Ichi chingakhalenso chizindikiro cha matenda a shuga omwe amadza mwadzidzidzi mwa munthu amene sanakhalepo ndi matenda a shuga.

Ngati mwapezeka ndi matenda a shuga posachedwapa, kapena ngati muli ndi vuto monga kapamba (kutupa kowawa kwa kapamba), dokotala wanu angaganize kuti muli ndi khansa ya kapamba.

Komabe, zizindikiro za khansa ya pancreatic neuroendocrine zitha kukhala zosiyana pang'ono. Mwachitsanzo, m'malo mwa jaundice ndi kuchepa thupi, zizindikiro monga kutsegula m'mimba ndi kuchepa kwa magazi zimatha kuchitika.

Zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti mudziwe ngati muli ndi khansa ya kapamba?

Monga tanenera kale, palibe zizindikiro zoyambirira zoonekeratu. Kwa anthu ena, zizindikiro zingayambe kuonekera pang'onopang'ono, ndipo zingatenge chaka chimodzi kuti munthu adziwe bwinobwino matendawa.

Anthu ambiri amanena kuti poyamba adamva kupweteka kwa msana kapena m'mimba. Ululuwu ukhoza kubwera ndi kutha poyamba, koma ukhoza kukulirakulira akadya kapena kugona pansi.

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa khansa ya kapamba?

Palibe yankho lomveka bwino pankhaniyi pakadali pano. Sitikudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli. Komabe, akatswiri apeza zinthu zingapo zomwe zingayambitse vutoli.

Zinthu zoopsa za khansa ya pancreatic

Chinthu choopsa ndi chinthu chomwe chimawonjezera mwayi wopeza matenda. Zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya kapamba ndi izi:

• Kusuta: Chiopsezo chachikulu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndudu, ndudu, ndi mitundu ina ya fodya.
• Kunenepa Kwambiri: Anthu omwe ali ndi mafuta ochulukirapo, makamaka ozungulira mimba, ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
• Matenda a Shuga: Makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a Mtundu wachiwiri, akuti kuyamba kwadzidzidzi kwa matenda a shuga kungakhalenso chizindikiro cha khansa ya kapamba.
• Kukhudzidwa ndi mankhwala enaake: Zinthu monga mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi mankhwala a petrochemicals.
• Pancreatitis yosatha: Kutupa kwa kapamba kwa nthawi yayitali.
• Matenda a pancreatitis osatha: Matenda omwe amafalikira kuchokera kwa makolo kupita kwa ana chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini.
• Matenda ena obadwa nawo: Matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini monga BRCA1 kapena BRCA2. Izi zithanso kufalikira kuchokera kwa makolo kupita kwa ana.

Kodi mavuto a khansa ya pancreatic ndi otani?

Khansa ya kapamba nthawi zambiri imafalikira ku mitsempha yamagazi yapafupi ndi ma lymph nodes. Kenako imatha kufalikira ku chiwindi, mkati mwa m'mimba (peritoneum), ndi mapapo.

Chofunika: Nthawi zambiri, khansa ya kapamba ikapezeka, imakhala itafalikira kale kunja kwa kapamba. Ndicho chifukwa chake imakhala yoopsa kwambiri.

Kodi khansa ya pancreatic imapezeka bwanji?

Khansa ya kapamba ndi yovuta kwambiri kuizindikira pachiyambi chifukwa madokotala sangamve kapamba akamayesedwa nthawi zonse. Komanso zotupazi sizingaonekere pa mayeso odziwika bwino.

Ngati dokotala akukayikira kuti ali ndi khansa ya kapamba, adzayitanitsa mayeso angapo kuti awone momwe kapamba amagwirira ntchito. Izi zitha kuphatikizapo:

Mayeso ojambula zithunzi

Dokotala wanu angakuuzeni kuti muchite chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa izi:

• Kujambula kwa CT (CT - computed tomography scans)
• Kujambula kwa MRI (MRI - kujambula kwa maginito)
• Kujambula kwa PET `(PET - positron emission tomography)`
• Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS): Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyika kamera kakang'ono kudzera pakamwa kuti muyang'ane bwino kapamba.

Kuyezetsa magazi

Kuyezetsa magazi a kapamba kumatha kuzindikira zizindikiro za chotupa. Chizindikiro cha chotupa ndi chinthu chomwe chimasonyeza kukhalapo kwa khansa.

Pa khansa ya kapamba, chotupa chingakayikidwe ngati puloteni yotchedwa ``Carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9'' (ichi ndi chinthu chomwe chimatulutsidwa ndi maselo a khansa ya kapamba) imapezeka m'magazi ambiri.

Kujambula laparoscopy

Nthawi zina, madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito njira yotchedwa laparoscopy kuti aone momwe khansa ya kapamba yafalikira komanso ngati ingachotsedwe.

Mu njira imeneyi, dokotala wa opaleshoni amaduladula pang'ono m'mimba ndipo amaika chubu chachitali chokhala ndi kamera. Izi zimathandiza dokotala wa opaleshoni kuyang'ana mkati mwa mimba kuti aone ngati pali vuto lililonse. Nthawi zambiri, chitsanzo chaching'ono chimatengedwa panthawiyi kuti chiyesedwe (biopsy).

Kuyesa majini

Ngati mwapezeka ndi khansa ya kapamba, mungafunike kuganizira zoyezetsa majini. Izi zili choncho chifukwa mwina mwatengera majini omwe amabwera chifukwa cha khansa. Zithandizanso dokotala wanu kusankha chithandizo chomwe chili chabwino kwa inu.

Anthu ena omwe ali ndi khansa ya kapamba ali ndi kusintha kwa majini otchedwa BRCA1 ndi BRCA2. Mwina munamvapo za majini amenewa ngati "majini a khansa ya m'mawere." Koma kusintha kwa majini a BRCA1 ndi BRCA2 sikungayambitse khansa ya m'mawere yokha, komanso khansa ya prostate, khansa ya mazira, ndi khansa ya kapamba.

Ngati wina m'banja mwanu (kholo, mwana, m'bale) wakhala ndi khansa ya kapamba, ganizirani zoyezetsa majini. Izi zingakuuzeni ngati muli ndi kusintha kwa majini kwa `BRCA1` kapena `BRCA2`. Koma kumbukirani, kukhala ndi kusintha kwa majini sikutanthauza kuti mudzakhala ndi khansa. Koma ndikofunikira kudziwa zoopsa zanu.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa khansa ya kapamba yomwe ingachotsedwe ndi khansa yosachotsera?

Madokotala amagawa khansa ya kapamba m'magulu anayi akuluakulu:

• Chotheka kuchotsedwa: Chotupacho chili mu kapamba kokha. Sichinafalikire ku mitsempha yamagazi yapafupi kapena ziwalo zina. Chingathe kuchotsedwa kwathunthu ndi opaleshoni.
• Chotupa chotha kuchotsedwa m'malire: Chotupacho chili mu kapamba ndipo chimakhudzidwa ndi mitsempha yamagazi yapafupi, koma dokotala wa opaleshoni akhoza kuchichotsa.
• Yapita patsogolo m'deralo: Chotupacho chili m'kancrepa ndipo chafalikira kwambiri m'mitsempha yamagazi yapafupi. Pazochitika izi, kuchotsa opaleshoni kungakhale kovuta kapena koopsa.
• Matenda a Metastatic:Khansa yafalikira kumadera akutali a thupi, monga chiwindi, mapapo, kapena m'mimba. Ikhozanso kufalikira ku ziwalo, minofu, kapena ma lymph nodes pafupi ndi kapamba.

Ngati muli ndi mafunso enieni okhudza momwe khansa ya kapamba imakhudzira, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu. Kumvetsetsa matenda anu kudzakuthandizani kupanga zisankho zolondola zokhudza chithandizo.

Kodi khansa ya kapamba ingachiritsidwe?

Ngakhale kuti khansa ya kapamba imapulumuka pang'ono, kuchira kwathunthu kumatha kuchitika ngati yapezeka ndikuchiritsidwa msanga. Njira yokhayo yochiritsira khansa ya kapamba ndikuchotsa khansa yonse kudzera mu opaleshoni.

Kodi khansa ya kapamba imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Chithandizo chenicheni chimadalira zinthu zingapo, kuphatikizapo:

• Malo enieni a chotupacho.
• Gawo la khansa.
• Thanzi lanu lonse .
• Kaya khansa yafalikira kunja kwa kapamba.

Chithandizo cha khansa ya pancreatic chimaphatikizapo:

Opaleshoni

Opaleshoni ndiyo njira yokhayo yochiritsira khansa ya kapamba. Koma madokotala opaleshoni amalangiza izi pokhapokha ngati akuganiza kuti angathe kuchotsa khansayo kotheratu. Kupanda kutero, sizingathandize kwenikweni.

Kuti opaleshoni ipambane, khansa iyenera kungokhala pa kapamba basi. Ngakhale zili choncho, sizingatheke kuchotsa khansa yonse.

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zochitira opaleshoni kutengera malo ndi kukula kwa chotupacho:

• Njira ya Whipple `(Njira ya Whipple - pancreaticoduodenectomy)`:

Ngati chotupacho chili m'mutu wa kapamba (gawo lalikulu kwambiri la kapamba, pafupi ndi matumbo ang'onoang'ono), dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti mugwiritse ntchito njira ya Whipple. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuchotsa mutu wa kapamba, duodenum yanu (gawo loyamba la matumbo ang'onoang'ono), ndulu yanu, gawo la ndulu, ndi ma lymph nodes apafupi. Kenako dokotalayo amalumikiza ndulu yotsalayo ndi kapamba ku matumbo anu ang'onoang'ono. Izi zimakonzanso dongosolo lanu logaya chakudya.

• Kuchotsa Pancreatectomy ya Distal:

Ngati chotupacho chili m'chimake cha kapamba, dokotala wa opaleshoni angachite opaleshoniyi. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuchotsa mchira wa kapamba ndi gawo lina la thupi la kapamba. Nthawi zambiri, kapambayo amachotsedwanso. Chifukwa kapambayo amatithandiza kulimbana ndi matenda, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti mupeze katemera musanachite opaleshoniyi.

• Kuchotsa Pancreatectomy yonse:

Ngati khansa yafalikira mpaka kapamba wonse koma ikatha kuchotsedwa (kuchotsedwa), dokotala wanu angaganizire zochotsa kapamba wonse. Opaleshoni iyi imachotsa kapamba wanu wonse, ndulu, ndulu, ndi gawo lina la m'mimba mwanu ndi matumbo ang'onoang'ono.

N'zotheka kukhala popanda kapamba. Koma zimatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa kwambiri. kapamba wanu amapanga mahomoni monga insulin omwe amathandiza kuti shuga m'magazi mwanu asamachuluke. Mukataya kapamba wanu, mumayamba matenda a shuga ndipo muyenera kumwa jakisoni wa insulin kuti mukhale ndi moyo. Muyeneranso kumwa mapiritsi a enzyme ya kapamba kuti akuthandizeni kugaya chakudya.

Mankhwala a Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera maselo a khansa. Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa ngati mapiritsi kapena jakisoni wa IV (intravenous) mumtsempha womwe uli m'dzanja lanu.

Madokotala amaperekanso mankhwala a chemotherapy ngati chithandizo chimodzi - makamaka kwa anthu omwe khansa yawo yafalikira. Angalimbikitsenso mankhwala a chemotherapy musanachite opaleshoni kuti achepetse chotupacho kapena kupha maselo ena onse a khansa pambuyo pa opaleshoni.

Chithandizo cha radiation

Chithandizo cha radiation ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma X-ray amphamvu kwambiri kuti awononge maselo a khansa. Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa khansa ya kapamba.

Madokotala nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza chithandizo cha radiation ndi chemotherapy (chemoradiation). Chingaperekedwe musanachite opaleshoni, mutachita opaleshoni, kapena ngati gawo la chithandizo chachikulu cha khansa. Chithandizo cha radiation chingathandizenso kuchepetsa zizindikiro za khansa ya kapamba mwa anthu omwe sangathe kuchitidwa opaleshoni (khansa ikafalikira).

Chithandizo cholunjika

Mankhwalawa amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe 'amayang'ana' mapuloteni enaake. Mapuloteniwa amawongolera momwe maselo a khansa amakulira ndi kufalikira. Madokotala amatha kuphatikiza chithandizo cholunjika ndi mankhwala ena, monga chithandizo cha radiation.

Mankhwala odziwika bwino omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa ya pancreatic ndi awa:

• `Erlotinib`
• `Olaparib`
• `Larotrectinib`
• `Entrectinib`

Kusamalira ululu

Khansa ya kapamba ikhoza kukhala yopweteka kwambiri chifukwa imatha kukhudza mitsempha yapafupi. Dokotala wanu angathandize kuchepetsa ululu wanu pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwa, mankhwala oletsa ululu, kapena jakisoni wa steroid.

Ngati muli ndi khansa ya kapamba ndipo mwayamba kumva kupweteka kwambiri komanso kosalekeza, onetsetsani kuti mwadziwitsa dokotala wanu. Adzakupatsani chithandizo chomwe chingachepetse zizindikiro zanu.

Kodi ndingapewe khansa ya pancreatic?

Khansa ya kapamba singathe kupewedwa kotheratu, koma pali zinthu zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu:

• Osasuta fodya.
• Chepetsani kumwa mowa.
• Idyani zipatso zatsopano, ndiwo zamasamba, ndi tirigu wonse wambiri.
• Chepetsani kudya nyama yofiira, zakumwa zotsekemera, ndi zakudya zopangidwa ndi zinthu zina.
• Chepetsani kukhudzana ndi mankhwala owopsa monga asbestos, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndi mankhwala a petrochemicals.
• Khalani ndi kulemera koyenera kwa inu.

Kuyezetsa khansa ya kapamba

Madokotala nthawi zambiri sachita kafukufuku wa khansa ya kapamba nthawi zonse. Komabe, madokotala amalimbikitsa kuti anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa ya kapamba chifukwa cha majini awo aziwunikidwa pafupipafupi pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso ojambulira zithunzi komanso ma ultrasound a endoscopic.

Ngati wachibale wanu wa digiri yoyamba m'banja mwanu (makolo kapena abale anu) wakhala ndi khansa ya kapamba, muyenera kulankhula ndi dokotala za chiopsezo chanu chotenga khansa ya kapamba komanso za kuyezetsa koyenera ndi kuyezetsa majini.

Kodi ndingayembekezere chiyani ngati ndili ndi khansa ya kapamba?

Kupeza kuti muli ndi khansa ya kapamba kungakhale kovuta kwambiri. Aliyense ndi wosiyana, ndipo mkhalidwe wa munthu aliyense ndi wosiyana. Dokotala wanu adzapanga gulu la akatswiri kuti adziwe njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira matenda anu. Gulu lanu lachipatala likhoza kuphatikizapo:

• Katswiri wa matenda a m'mimba
• Katswiri wa matenda
• Madokotala a khansa (achipatala, opaleshoni ndi radiation)
• Wantchito wazachikhalidwe

Nthawi yofalitsira khansa ya kapamba

Kawirikawiri, zimatenga zaka 10 mpaka 20 kuti selo limodzi la khansa mu kapamba wanu likhale chotupa. Cholinga cha kafukufuku wamakono ndikupeza momwe mungadziwire khansa ya kapamba pachiyambi, pomwe imatha kuchiritsidwa.

Kuchuluka kwa moyo wa khansa ya pancreatic

M'dziko ngati America, anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya kapamba amapulumuka zaka zisanu ndi 11%. Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu 11 pa anthu 100 aliwonse amakhala ndi moyo zaka zisanu atapezeka ndi matendawa.

Chiwerengero cha anthu opulumuka ndi chiwerengero cha anthu otsala. Sakukuuzani nthawi yomwe mudzakhala ndi moyo kapena momwe mudzayankhira bwino chithandizo. Ngati muli ndi mafunso enieni okhudza kuchuluka kwa anthu omwalira kapena momwe angakukhudzireni, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Khansa ya kapamba ikayamba kuonekera palibe zizindikiro zoonekeratu. Komabe, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo ngati mwakumana ndi zotsatirazi:

• Jaundice
• Kupweteka m'mimba kapena kumbuyo
• Kuchepetsa thupi popanda chifukwa
• Kuyamba mwadzidzidzi kwa matenda a shuga

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

Pangani ubale wotseguka komanso wogwirizana ndi dokotala wanu. Ngati inu kapena wokondedwa wanu mwapezeka ndi khansa ya kapamba, mutha kufunsa mafunso ngati awa:

• Kodi khansa ili pamlingo wotani? Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani kwa ine?
• Kodi ndi njira ziti zochiritsira zomwe ndili nazo? Kodi mumalimbikitsa chiyani ndipo chifukwa chiyani?
• Kodi ndi zotsatirapo zotani zomwe ndingakumane nazo chifukwa cha chithandizochi?
• Kodi kuyezetsa majini ndikoyenera kwa ine?
• Kodi pali mayeso azachipatala?
• Kodi ndidzatha kupitiriza kugwira ntchito ndikuchita ntchito zanga za tsiku ndi tsiku?
• Kodi mungandiuze komwe ndingapeze thandizo la ndalama?
• Kodi mungandiuze za malo omwe ndingapeze mpumulo wamaganizo?
• Kodi ndiyenera kuchita chiyani kuti ndikhale ndi thanzi labwino momwe ndingathere?

Kodi zizindikiro zotani zosonyeza kuti khansa ya kapamba yafalikira?

Pamene khansa ya kapamba ikupita patsogolo, mungakhale ndi zizindikiro zatsopano. Zizindikiro za khansa ya kapamba yopita patsogolo zingaphatikizepo:

• Kupweteka m'mimba
• Kutopa kwambiri
• Kuchepetsa thupi popanda chifukwa
• Jaundice
• Kutupa m'mimba (ascites)

Kudziwa kuti muli ndi khansa ya kapamba kungakhale chinthu chopweteka kwambiri komanso chosintha moyo wanu. Dokotala wanu alipo kuti akuthandizeni pa nthawi yovutayi. Ngati mungathe, lowani nawo gulu lothandizira anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya kapamba m'deralo kapena pa intaneti. Kukhala ndi anthu ena omwe akukumana ndi vuto lomweli kungakhale kwabwino kwambiri pa thanzi lanu la maganizo. Muthanso kukambirana za momwe mukumvera ndi mlangizi, katswiri wa zamaganizo, kapena wogwira ntchito zachitukuko. Chidziwitso ndi mphamvu. Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zingakuthandizeni inu ndi banja lanu.

Mwachidule, zinthu zomwe tiyenera kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Khansa ya kapamba ndi matenda ovuta komanso obisika, koma ndikofunikira kudziwa za matendawa. Popeza zizindikiro zake sizimaonekera kwambiri kumayambiriro, chinthu chabwino kuchita ndikuzindikira zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndikuwonana ndi dokotala mwachangu ngati muwona china chake chachilendo. Kumbukirani, musanyalanyaze jaundice, kupweteka kwa m'mimba/msana kosalekeza, kuchepa thupi mwadzidzidzi, kapena kuyamba kwatsopano kwa matenda ashuga. Ngati muli ndi chiopsezo cha majini, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za izi ndikuyesedwa. Pali mankhwala omwe alipo, ndipo kafukufuku watsopano akuchitidwa nthawi zonse. Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti musachite mantha, funsani upangiri wa dokotala ngati muli ndi kukayikira kulikonse, ndikukhalabe ndi chiyembekezo.

'Khansa ya Pancreatic, Khansa ya Pancreatic, Pancreatic, Zizindikiro za Khansa, Chithandizo cha Khansa, Jaundice, Matenda a Shuga