Kodi mukudziwa za khansa ya impso? Tiyeni tikambirane za izi!

Kodi mwaonapo kupweteka kosalekeza mbali imodzi ya thupi lanu, makamaka m'mimba, kapena magazi mu mkodzo wanu? Nthawi zina sitisamala kwambiri zinthuzi, koma zingakhale chizindikiro cha vuto la impso. Lero tikambirana za vuto lomwe lingakhale lalikulu pang'ono, lomwe ndi khansa ya impso. Musachite mantha, chofunika kwambiri ndikudziwa izi.

Kodi Khansa ya Impso ndi Chiyani?

Mwachidule, khansa ya impso ndi pamene maselo a impso zanu amayamba kukula modabwitsa komanso mosalamulirika. Pakapita nthawi, maselo amenewa omwe amagawikana modabwitsa amalumikizana kuti apange chotupa. Khansa imayamba pamene maselowa amasintha pazifukwa zina ndikuyamba kugawikana mosalamulirika.

Chotupa choopsa ngati ichi chingakhale choopsa chifukwa chingafalikire kupitirira impso kupita ku minofu yapafupi ndi ziwalo zina zofunika. Kufalikira kwa khansa kumeneku ku ziwalo zina za thupi kumatchedwa metastasis.

Ndani amene ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza khansa ya impso?

Ponena za khansa ya impso, imapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 65 ndi 74. Zapezekanso kuti amuna ali ndi mwayi wochuluka wopeza matendawa kuposa akazi. Akutinso matendawa amapezeka kwambiri pakati pa mafuko ena.

Komabe, khansa ya impso ndi yosowa kwambiri mwa ana aang'ono. Komabe, pali mtundu wa khansa ya impso yotchedwa `(Wilms tumor)` yomwe imapezeka mwa ana. Mwachitsanzo, ku United States kokha, ana pafupifupi 500-600 amadwala `(Wilms tumor)` chaka chilichonse.

Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya khansa ya impso ndi iti?

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa ya impso. Tiyeni tiwone zazikulu:

• Kansa ya impso (RCC): Iyi ndi khansa ya impso yofala kwambiri mwa akuluakulu. Imakhala pafupifupi 85% ya khansa zonse za impso. Kansa ya impso (RCC) nthawi zambiri imayamba ngati chotupa chimodzi mu impso imodzi, koma nthawi zina imatha kukhudza impso zonse ziwiri. Khansa iyi imayamba m'maselo omwe ali m'machubu ang'onoang'ono (tubules) mu impso omwe amabwezeretsa michere ndi madzi m'magazi. Mtundu wofala kwambiri wa RCC ndi khansa ya impso ya clear cell (ccRCC).

• Khansa ya maselo osinthira: Mtundu uwu wa khansa umapanga 6% mpaka 7% ya khansa zonse za impso. Khansa iyi nthawi zambiri imayamba pamene ureter yanu imagwirizana ndi gawo lalikulu la impso yanu. Malo awa amatchedwa renal pelvis. Khansa ya maselo osinthira imathanso kufalikira mu ureter kapena chikhodzodzo chanu.

• Sarcoma ya impso:Uwu ndi mtundu wosafala kwambiri wa khansa ya impso. Imakhala ndi 1% yokha ya khansa ya impso. Imayamba m'minofu yolumikizana ya impso. Ngati sichinalandire chithandizo choyenera, imatha kufalikira ku ziwalo ndi mafupa apafupi.

• Chotupa cha Wilms: Ichi ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa khansa ya impso mwa ana aang'ono, ndipo chimapanga pafupifupi 5% ya khansa ya impso.

Kodi khansa ya impso ndi yofala bwanji?

M'mayiko ena padziko lonse lapansi, monga ku United States, khansa ya impso imakhudza pafupifupi 3.7% ya khansa zonse. Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu masauzande ambiri amapezeka ndi matendawa chaka chilichonse. Chiwopsezo chotenga khansa ya impso chimawonjezeka ndi ukalamba.

Kodi zizindikiro za khansa ya impso ndi ziti?

Nthawi zambiri, khansa ya impso siionetsa zizindikiro zoonekeratu kumayambiriro. Komabe, pamene chotupacho chikukulirakulira, zizindikiro zimayamba kuonekera. Ichi ndichifukwa chake khansa ya impso nthawi zambiri imapezeka ikafalikira pang'ono.

Zizindikiro za khansa ya impso zingaphatikizepo izi:

• Magazi mu mkodzo (hematuria): Magaziwo angaoneke ndi maso, kapena angakhale dontho laling'ono la magazi lomwe limapezeka poyesa mkodzo.
• Kumva kutupa kapena kutupa m'dera la impso (mbali zonse ziwiri za m'chiuno).
• Kupweteka kwa m'chiuno: Izi zitha kukhala kupweteka kosalekeza.
• Kumva kutopa kwambiri nthawi zonse .
• Kumva kudwala nthawi zambiri.
• Kusowa chilakolako cha chakudya .
• Kuchepetsa thupi popanda chifukwa .
• Malungo otsika kwambiri osatha.
• Kupweteka kwa mafupa ( ngati khansa yafalikira).
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi kwambiri .
• Kuchepa kwa magazi (kusowa kwa magazi).
• Kalisiamu wambiri m'magazi .

Tangoganizirani, ngati mwakhala mukukumana ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro izi kwa kanthawi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuonana ndi dokotala popanda kungonyalanyaza.

Kodi zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya impso ndi ziti?

Chomwe chimayambitsa khansa ya impso sichikudziwikabe. Komabe, pali zinthu zina zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya impso zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga matendawa.

• Kusuta: Anthu omwe amasuta ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa ya impso. Komanso, munthu akamasuta kwa nthawi yayitali, chiopsezo chake chimakhala chachikulu.
• Kunenepa Kwambiri: Mukakhala ndi mafuta ambiri m'thupi, chiopsezo chanu chotenga khansa ya impso chimawonjezeka.
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi (kuthamanga kwa magazi): Zapezeka kuti anthu omwe ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya impso.
• Mbiri ya banja: Ngati wina m'banja mwanu wakhala ndi khansa ya impso, enanso akhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansayi.
• Chithandizo cha radiation: Ngati akazi adapatsidwa chithandizo cha radiation cha khansa ya m'thupi lobereka, pakhoza kukhala chiopsezo chochepa chotenga khansa ya impso.
• Kusintha kwa majini / kusintha kwa majini: Majini amauza maselo athu momwe angagwirire ntchito. Kusintha kwa majini ena kungapangitse kuti pakhale chiopsezo chotenga khansa ya impso.
• Chithandizo cha dialysis cha nthawi yayitali: Dialysis ndi njira yoyeretsera magazi ndi makina apadera pamene impso sizikugwiranso ntchito bwino. Palinso zoopsa kwa iwo omwe amalandira chithandizochi kwa nthawi yayitali.
• Matenda a chifuwa chachikulu (tuberous sclerosis complex): Matendawa amayambitsa khunyu, kulemala kwa maganizo, komanso zotupa m'ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi. Anthuwa alinso pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya impso.
• Matenda a Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL): Uwu ndi matenda obadwa nawo. Anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa ya impso. Matendawa amachititsa kuti zotupa zomwe si khansa zipangidwe m'mitsempha yamagazi m'malo monga maso ndi ubongo.

Kodi chotupa cha impso ndi chachikulu bwanji?

Zimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa chotupa. Ziphuphu zina za impso si khansa (zosavulaza / zopanda khansa). Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazing'ono kuposa zotupa za khansa ndipo sizifalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi. Chithandizo chofala kwambiri cha zotupa izi zopanda khansa ndi kuchotsa opaleshoni.

Komabe, kaya chotupa cha impso yanu ndi khansa kapena ayi, ndi bwino kuyamba chithandizo mwamsanga kuti mupewe mavuto.

Kodi khansa ya impso imapezeka bwanji?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za khansa ya impso, dokotala wanu adzayamba kaye walemba mbiri yonse ya matenda anu ndikukuyesani thupi. Kenako, adzayitanitsa mayeso ena kuti adziwe ngati muli ndi khansa, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, muli pa msinkhu wotani. Mayesowa akuphatikizapo:

• Kusanthula mkodzo: Chitsanzo cha mkodzo wanu chimatengedwa ndikuwunika ngati muli ndi magazi. Kuyesaku kumatha kuzindikira ngakhale magazi ochepa kwambiri omwe ndi ochepa kwambiri kuti asawonekere ndi maso.
• Mayeso a magazi: Izi zimawerengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo m'magazi, komanso ma electrolyte osiyanasiyana m'thupi. Mayeso a magazi awa amathanso kuzindikira kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira m'magazi (anemia) kapena mavuto a impso poyesa kuchuluka kwa creatinine.
• Kujambula kwa CT: Iyi ndi njira yapadera yoyesera X-ray. Kompyuta imagwiritsidwa ntchito kujambula zithunzi zambiri zamkati mwa thupi. Nthawi zambiri, madzi apadera (intravenous contrast / dye) amalowetsedwa mumtsempha panthawi yoyezetsa iyi. Komabe, utoto uwu sungaperekedwe kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la impso.
• Kujambula kwa MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging - MRI): Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito maginito akuluakulu, mafunde a wailesi, ndi kompyuta kuti zijambule zithunzi za mkati mwa thupi.
• Kujambula kwa Ultrasound: Kuyesaku kumagwiritsa ntchito mafunde amphamvu kwambiri kuti apange zithunzi zomwe zingawonekere pa chowunikira. Izi ndizothandiza kupeza zotupa zomwe zimakhala zosiyana mu kukula ndi minofu yathanzi.
• Kuyeza magazi m'thupi: Mu njira imeneyi, singano yopyapyala imalowetsedwa pakhungu kupita kudera la chotupacho ndipo minyewa yocheperako ('biopsy') imatengedwa. Katswiri wa matenda amayang'ana minofuyo pansi pa maikulosikopu kuti awone ngati pali maselo a khansa. Komabe, mayeso a 'biopsy' awa a khansa ya impso nthawi zonse samakhala olondola 100%, kotero dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kapena ayi.

Kodi magawo a khansa ya impso ndi ati?

Khansa zambiri zimagawidwa m'magulu malinga ndi gawo. Izi zikupereka kufotokozera khansa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kukonzekera chithandizo. Gawo la khansa limatsimikiziridwa ndi:

• Malo a chotupacho ndi kukula kwake.
• Kuchuluka kwa momwe ma lymph nodes akhudzidwa. (Ma lymph nodes ali ngati "zosefera" zazing'ono zomwe zimakola majeremusi, maselo a khansa, ndi kusunga maselo omwe amalimbana ndi matenda.)
• Kufikira pati khansa yafalikira ku minofu ndi ziwalo zina.

Dokotala wanu amagwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso kuchokera ku mayeso monga CT, MRI, ndi biopsy kuti adziwe siteji ya khansa.

• Gawo Loyamba: Chotupacho chili ndi masentimita 7 kapena kucheperapo. Chimapezeka mu impso yokha. Sichinafalikire ku ma lymph nodes kapena minofu ina.
• Gawo Lachiwiri: Chotupacho ndi chachikulu kuposa masentimita 7, koma chimakhalabe mu impso. Sichinafalikire ku ma lymph nodes kapena minofu ina.
• Gawo Lachitatu: Chotupacho chafalikira ku mitsempha ikuluikulu yamagazi - mtsempha wa impso ndi inferior vena cava - kapena ku minofu yozungulira impso kapena ma lymph nodes apafupi.
• Gawo Lachinayi: Chotupacho chafalikira kupitirira impso, kupita ku adrenal gland yanu (kachiwalo kakang'ono pamwamba pa impso), kapena ku ma lymph nodes akutali kapena ziwalo zina.

Kuwonjezera pa magawo awa, zotupa zimayesedwanso m'magawo . Uwu ndi muyeso wa momwe maselo a chotupacho alili osazolowereka. Muyeso uwu umauzanso dokotala wanu momwe chotupacho chingakulire mofulumira. Zotupa zomwe sizimawoneka ngati maselo abwinobwino komanso omwe ali ndi maselo ogawanikirana mwachangu zimatchedwa zotupa zapamwamba . Izi zimakula ndi kufalikira kuposa zotupa zochepa.

Kodi khansa ya impso imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Chithandizo cha khansa ya impso chimasiyana malinga ndi gawo ndi mulingo wa chotupacho, komanso zaka zanu komanso thanzi lanu lonse. Njira zina zochiritsira zimaphatikizapo opaleshoni, kuchotsa ziwalo, chithandizo cha radiation, chithandizo cha mankhwala ofunikira, chithandizo cha immunotherapy, komanso nthawi zina chemotherapy.

Opaleshoni

Opaleshoni ndiyo njira yaikulu yothandizira matenda ambiri a khansa ya impso. Pali njira zingapo zochitira opaleshoni:

• Kuchotsa ziwalo za impso pang'ono: Dokotala wochita opaleshoni amachotsa gawo la impso yanu lokha lomwe lili ndi chotupacho.
• Kuchotsa impso zonse: Dokotala amachotsa impso yanu yonse ndi minofu ina yozungulira impsoyo. Ma lymph nodes ena m'derali angachotsedwenso.

Impso imodzi ikachotsedwa, impso yotsalayo nthawi zambiri imatha kugwira ntchito ya impso zonse ziwiri. Kodi sizodabwitsa zimenezo?

Kuchotsa: Kuwononga maselo a khansa ndi kutentha kapena kuzizira

Nthawi zina, kutentha ndi kuzizira zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwononga maselo a khansa. Kuchotsa maselo a khansa pogwiritsa ntchito cryoablation kapena radiofrequency ablation kungakhale kothandiza kwa anthu omwe sali oyenera opaleshoni.

• Kuchotsa maselo a khansa: Pa chithandizochi, dokotala wanu amalowetsa singano pakhungu lanu mu chotupa cha impso. Kenako, mpweya wozizira kwambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuziziritsa maselo a khansa.
• Kuchotsa ma radiofrequency: Pa njira imeneyi, dokotala amalowetsa singano pakhungu kupita ku chotupa cha impso. Kenako, magetsi amatumizidwa kudzera m'maselo a khansa kuti awawononge.

Chithandizo cha X-ray

Ngati muli ndi impso imodzi yokha, kapena ngati simuli oyenera kuchitidwa opaleshoni, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni chithandizo cha radiation. Chithandizo cha radiation nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa zizindikiro za khansa ya impso, monga kupweteka.

Chithandizo cha Mankhwala Oyenera

Mankhwala ochiritsira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa zinthu zina zomwe zimathandiza maselo a khansa kukula. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwalawa amatha kuletsa kupangika kwa mitsempha yatsopano yamagazi kapena mapuloteni omwe amadyetsa khansa.

Mankhwala ochizira matenda nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene opaleshoni siingatheke. Nthawi zina, mankhwalawa amaperekedwanso pambuyo pa opaleshoni kuti achepetse chiopsezo chobwereranso kwa khansa.

Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy

Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala enaake kuti alimbikitse chitetezo cha mthupi lanu. Izi zimathandiza thupi lanu kuzindikira ndikuwononga maselo a khansa bwino. Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy chingaperekedwe ngati chithandizo chimodzi kapena kuphatikiza ndi opaleshoni.

Mankhwala a Chemotherapy

Mankhwala a chemotherapy si mankhwala wamba a khansa ya impso. Komabe, nthawi zina - nthawi zambiri pambuyo poti mankhwala ochizira matenda a immunotherapy ndi mankhwala enaake ayesedwa - angathandize. Mankhwala a chemotherapy amaperekedwa ngati mapiritsi otengedwa pakamwa kapena kudzera m'mitsempha. Mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amaloledwa popanda zotsatirapo zoyipa.

Kodi mungayembekezere chiyani ngati muli ndi khansa ya impso?

Kuyembekezeka kwanu ku khansa ya impso kumadalira mtundu ndi gawo la khansayo (monga ngati yangopezeka mu impso kapena yafalikira mbali zina za thupi). Mwayi wanu wochira umadaliranso thanzi lanu lonse.

Kodi khansa ya impso ingachiritsidwe?

Monga khansa zambiri, khansa ya impso imachiritsidwa kwambiri ngati yapezeka msanga. Khansa ya impso nthawi zambiri imachiritsidwa ngati yapezeka msanga, khansayo isanafalikire kunja kwa impso.

Kodi khansa ya impso ingapewedwe?

Popeza chifukwa chenicheni cha khansa ya impso sichikudziwika, palibe njira yopewera kwathunthu. Komabe, mutha kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu mwa kusasuta fodya ndikuwongolera matenda monga kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda a shuga, ndi kunenepa kwambiri.

Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za khansa ya impso, monga kupweteka mbali imodzi ya thupi lanu, chotupa chomwe chimamveka ngati chotupa pa impso yanu, kapena magazi mu mkodzo wanu, onani dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Dokotala wanu akhoza kuchita mayeso kuti apeze chomwe chimayambitsa zizindikiro zanu ndikupanga dongosolo la chithandizo lomwe lili loyenera kwa inu.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

Kuphunzira zambiri momwe mungathere zokhudza matenda anu a khansa ya impso kudzakuthandizani kupanga zisankho zolondola zokhudza chithandizo chanu. Nazi mafunso ena oti mufunse dokotala wanu:

• Ndi khansa ya impso yamtundu wanji yomwe ndili nayo?
• Kodi chotupa chili kuti?
• Kodi khansa imapezeka mu impso zokha, kapena yafalikira?
• Kodi ndili ndi khansa ya impso pamlingo wotani?
• Kodi ndi njira ziti zochiritsira zomwe ndili nazo?
• Kodi matenda anga adzayamba bwanji?

Ndizachibadwa kumva mantha, chisoni, komanso kukhumudwa mukapezeka ndi khansa ya impso. Monga khansa zambiri, khansa ya impso imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri ikapezeka msanga. Dokotala wanu akhoza kukulankhulani za chithandizo chanu ndikukupatsani zinthu zina kuti akuthandizeni kumvetsetsa zomwe mungasankhe. Ngati mungathe, lowani nawo gulu lothandizira lapafupi kapena funani thandizo kwa mlangizi kapena wogwira ntchito zachitukuko. Zinthu izi zingakuthandizeni kukhala ndi thanzi labwino la maganizo panthawi yovutayi.

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe tiyenera kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Kotero, lero takambirana zambiri za khansa ya impso, sichoncho? Musachite mantha, kuzindikira ndiko mphamvu yaikulu.

• Choyamba, samalani ndi zizindikiro. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zosatha monga magazi mu mkodzo wanu, kupweteka m'munsi mwa msana, kusowa chilakolako cha chakudya, kapena kuchepa thupi, onetsetsani kuti mwaonana ndi dokotala.
• Khansa ya impso imachiritsidwa mosavuta ngati yapezeka msanga. Choncho musaope kuyezetsa.
• Kupewa kusuta fodya, kukhala ndi thupi labwino, komanso kuwongolera matenda monga kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi matenda a shuga kungathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya impso.
• Ngati mwapezeka ndi matendawa, chinthu chabwino kwambiri choti muchite ndikulankhula momasuka ndi dokotala wanu ndikusankha njira yochizira yomwe ikuyenererani.

Kumbukirani, simuli nokha. Ndi chidziwitso choyenera ndi chithandizo, mutha kuthana ndi vutoli.

Khansa ya impso , khansa ya impso, zizindikiro za khansa, matenda a impso, RCC, chotupa cha Wilms, chithandizo cha khansa