Nkhani yomwe magazi anu akufotokoza - Zonse zokhudza Kuchuluka kwa Magazi (CBC)!

Lero tikambirana za chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kwa inu ndi ine. Umenewo ndi mayeso omwe amachitidwa pa magazi m'thupi lathu. Mwina munamvapo dokotala akunena kuti, "Tiyeni tikayese magazi" mukapita kwa dokotala? Chimodzi mwa mayeso ofala komanso ofunikira kwambiri a magazi awa ndi "Kuwerengera Magazi Konse (CBC)". Izi zingatithandize kudziwa zambiri za antchito ang'onoang'ono ndi alonda omwe ali mkati mwa thupi lathu. Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tiwone kuti mayeso a 'CBC' ndi otani, chifukwa chake amachitidwa, komanso zomwe amatiuza?

Kodi magazi n’chiyani, ndipo n’chifukwa chiyani ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa ife?

Tangoganizani, thupi lathu lili ngati mzinda waukulu. Pali misewu yonyamulira katundu, mauthenga, ndi zinyalala kulikonse mumzinda uno, sichoncho? Umu ndi momwe magazi omwe amayenda m'mitsempha yathu alili. Pali zinthu zambiri zodabwitsa mkati mwa magazi awa, zili ngati dziko laling'ono! Pali magawo atatu omwe timayang'ana kwambiri mu mayeso a 'CBC' awa.

Maselo Ofiira a M'magazi - Moyo wa matupi athu

Kodi mukudziwa amene amanyamula mpweya umene umalowa m'mapapo tikamapuma kupita ku selo lililonse laling'ono m'thupi, kuyambira nsonga ya zala zathu kupita ku maselo a muubongo? Ntchito yabwino imeneyi imachitidwa ndi maselo ofiira a magazi, kapena 'Maselo Ofiira a Magazi (RBCs). Awa ali ngati ma disc ang'onoang'ono, ozungulira, okhala ndi mkati. Awa ndi omwe amanyamula mpweya m'thupi lonse, kuugawa ku selo iliyonse, ndikubweretsa zinyalala za maselo amenewo, 'Carbon Dioxide', kubwerera ku mapapo. Timapeza mphamvu zothamanga, kulumpha, kugwira ntchito, ndi kuganiza chifukwa maselo ofiira awa amagwira ntchito yawo moyenera. Pamene maselo ofiira awa ali ochepa, timanena zinthu monga 'kusowa magazi'', 'kutupa'', 'kutopa pang'ono'', 'kumva kutopa'. Madokotala amatchanso vutoli ' kusowa magazi ''.

Maselo Oyera a M'magazi - Asilikali Oteteza Thupi

Tsopano onani, pamene majeremusi omwe amayambitsa matenda, monga mabakiteriya, mavairasi, ndi bowa, akuyesera kulowa m'thupi lathu, kodi pali wina woti amenyane nawo? Ndicho chimene maselo oyera a magazi, kapena 'Maselo Oyera a Magazi (WBCs), amagwirira ntchito. Anthu awa ali ngati asilikali ndi apolisi m'dziko lathu. Maselo oyera a magazi awa ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la chitetezo cha mthupi la thupi lathu.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya maselo oyera a magazi amenewa, ndipo mtundu uliwonse uli ndi ntchito yakeyake.

• Maselo ena oyera a m'magazi amapita mwachindunji ku majeremusi ndi 'kuwadya' (izi zimatchedwa 'Phagocytosis').
• Ena amapanga mapuloteni apadera otchedwa `antibodies` motsutsana ndi majeremusi amenewo. Ma antibodies amenewa amamatira ku majeremusiwo ndipo amawaletsa kugwira ntchito.

Choncho, thupi lathu likatenga matenda, chiwerengero cha maselo oyera a m'magazi chimawonjezeka kuti akonzekere nkhondo. Mofananamo, m'mikhalidwe ina ya ziwengo, mitundu ina ya maselo oyera a m'magazi imathanso kuchuluka.

Ma platelet - ngwazi zazing'ono zomwe zimasiya kutuluka magazi

Kodi mukukumbukira pamene munagwa mukusewera kapena kudula dzanja lanu ndi mpeni mukudula ndiwo zamasamba, ndipo kutuluka magazi kunatha patapita kanthawi? Ndicho chimene ma platelet, kapena `Platelet` (dzina lina ndi `Thrombocytes`), amathandizira nacho. Awa si maselo athunthu kwenikweni, koma zidutswa zomwe zimatuluka m'maselo akuluakulu mu fupa la mafupa. Koma ngakhale ali ang'onoang'ono, amagwira ntchito yaikulu. Pamene mtsempha wamagazi wawonongeka kwinakwake ndipo magazi ayamba kutuluka, ma platelet awa ndi omwe amabwera mwachangu pamenepo ndikuphatikizana, kupanga ulusi wotseka bala. Monga momwe dzenje limapangikira mu culvert pamsewu, miyala ndi mchenga zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zilowetse. Izi zimatchedwa magazi kuundana . Ngati chiwerengero cha ma platelet awa chatsika, zingakhale zovuta kuletsa kutuluka magazi ngakhale kuchokera ku bala laling'ono. Nthawi zina, nkhama zimatha kutuluka magazi, ndipo thupi likhoza kungokhala labuluu m'malo ena (ngati kuti langogundidwa kumene).

Ndiye mayeso a Complete Blood Count (CBC) awa ndi otani?

Chabwino, tsopano muli ndi lingaliro laling'ono la asilikali ndi ogwira ntchito m'magazi anu. Chifukwa chake, 'Kuwerengera Kwathunthu kwa Magazi (CBC)' uku ndi mayeso omwe amawerengera kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira amagazi, maselo oyera amagazi, ndi ma platelet omwe ali mu chitsanzo cha magazi anu. Sikuti kokha, amathanso kuyeza zambiri zina zofunika zokhudza maselo awa, mwachitsanzo, kukula kapena kuchepa kwa maselo ofiira amagazi, mawonekedwe awo, ndi kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin (Hemoglobin kapena Hb)`, puloteni yofunika kwambiri mkati mwa maselo ofiira amagazi omwe amanyamula mpweya. Imayang'ananso kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera amagazi amitundu iliyonse.

Dokotala angalamule mayeso a ``CBC`` pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana.

• Dziwani ngati muli ndi matenda aliwonse: Mukakhala ndi zizindikiro monga kutentha thupi, kupweteka kwa thupi, kutopa kwambiri, kufooka, komanso matenda opatsirana pafupipafupi, izi zingathandize kudziwa ngati chomwe chimayambitsa ndi matenda, kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, kapena vuto lina lililonse.
• Yang'anani momwe matenda alili: Mu matenda ena (monga khansa ya m'magazi, matenda ena odziteteza ku matenda a autoimmune), kusintha kumachitika m'maselo a magazi. Chifukwa chake, CBC imathandizanso kuwona ngati matendawa akutha komanso ngati chithandizo chikugwira ntchito.
• Yang'anani zotsatira za mankhwala ena: Mankhwala ena (monga chemotherapy, maantibayotiki) amatha kukhudza mafupa, omwe amapanga maselo amagazi. Chifukwa chake, mukapatsidwa mankhwala amenewo, mayesowa nthawi zambiri amachitidwa kuti awone ngati akuwononga kapena kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa maselo amagazi.
• Musanayambe opaleshoni yaikulu: Kuyeza magazi m'magazi (CBC) n'kofunika kwambiri musanachite opaleshoni kuti muwone ngati magazi ali okwanira, ngati magaziwo akhoza kuuma bwino, komanso ngati pali matenda.
• Monga gawo la kuyezetsa thanzi nthawi zonse:Ngakhale palibe matenda, nthawi zina CBC imatha kuchitidwa ngati gawo la kafukufuku wapachaka kuti tiwonetsetse kuti chilichonse chikuyenda bwino m'thupi lathu. Pali nthawi zina zomwe zingatithandize kuzindikira msanga, ngakhale ngati ndi matenda omwe amayamba mkati mwathu osazindikira.

Kodi tingaphunzire chiyani kuchokera ku mayeso a CBC?

Mukawona manambala ndi zilembo zambiri mu lipoti la `CBC` ili, mwina mukuganiza kuti, "O, ichi ndi chiyani?" Musachite mantha. Dokotala wanu yekha ndi amene angatanthauzire bwino lipotili ndikukupatsani upangiri wokhudzana ndi vuto lanu. Koma kuti mudziwe zambiri, tiyeni tiwone zina mwa zinthu zazikulu zomwe likunena.

Zinthu zofunika kuziona poganizira za maselo ofiira a magazi (RBC):

• Chiwerengero cha Maselo Ofiira a M'magazi (Chiwerengero cha Ma RBC): Ichi ndi chiwerengero chonse cha maselo ofiira a m'magazi m'thupi. Ngati ichi ndi chochepa kuposa chachibadwa, chikhoza kusonyeza kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi.
• Hemoglobin (Hb): Iyi ndi puloteni yomwe ili mkati mwa maselo ofiira a magazi yomwe imanyamula mpweya. Kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kumeneku ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. Miyezo yachibadwa imasiyana kwa amuna, akazi, ana aang'ono, ndi amayi apakati.
• Hematocrit (Hct) / Kuchuluka kwa Maselo Odzaza (PCV): Izi zimakuuzani kuchuluka kwa magazi anu komwe kumapangidwa ndi maselo ofiira a magazi. Mwachidule, zili ngati 'kukhuthala' kwa maselo ofiira a magazi m'magazi anu. Izi zimathandizanso kudziwa ngati muli ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. Madokotala amasamalanso momwe 'PCV' iyi imasinthira matenda monga dengue.
• MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume), MCH (Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin), MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration), RDW (Red Cell Distribution Width): Zilembo za Chingerezi izi zimakuuzani kukula kwapakati kwa maselo ofiira a m'magazi anu, kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin (Hb) mu selo limodzi lofiira la m'magazi, kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin mkati mwa maselo ofiira a m'magazi, ndi kukula kwa maselo ofiira a m'magazi (monga kukula kosiyanasiyana). Izi ndi zinthu zomwe dokotala wanu angagwiritse ntchito kuti adziwe ngati muli ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, kaya ndi chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi chifukwa cha kusowa kwa ayoni, kusowa kwa vitamini B12 kapena folic acid (Megaloblastic Anaemia), matenda obadwa nawo monga thalassemia, kapena china chilichonse.

Zinthu zofunika kuziganizira pankhani ya maselo oyera a magazi (WBC):

• Chiwerengero cha Maselo Oyera a M'magazi (WBC Count): Ichi ndi chiwerengero chonse cha maselo oyera m'magazi. Ngati ichi ndi chapamwamba kuposa chachizolowezi, nthawi zambiri chimachitika chifukwa cha matenda kapena kutupa kwinakwake m'thupi. Nthawi zina, chiwerengerochi chingakhale chokwera kwambiri m'matenda a khansa monga leukemia. Ndi vutonso ngati chiwerengerochi chili chotsika kuposa chachizolowezi. Chikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha matenda ena a mavairasi (monga siteji yoyambirira ya dengue), mavuto a m'mafupa, kapena mankhwala ena.
• Kuwerengera Kosiyana (DC):Izi zikuwonetsani kuchuluka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo oyera amagazi (makamaka) omwe alipo monga peresenti.
• Ma Neutrophils: Awa ndi asilikali akuluakulu omwe amalimbana ndi matenda a bakiteriya. Chiwerengero chawo ndi kuchuluka kwawo konse kumawonjezeka panthawi ya matenda a bakiteriya.
• Ma Lymphocyte: Izi zimathandiza kulimbana ndi matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi ndikumanga chitetezo chamthupi. Mu malungo a mavairasi monga dengue, kuchuluka kwawo kungachuluke, pomwe kuchuluka kwa ma neutrophils kungachepe (izi zimatchedwa `Relative Lymphocytosis`).
• Ma monocyte: Izi zimagwiranso ntchito polimbana ndi matenda, 'kuyeretsa' maselo akufa ndi majeremusi.
• Ma Eosinophils: Izi zitha kuchulukirachulukira m'mavuto a ziwengo (monga mphumu, eczema, ziwengo ku nthata za fumbi) ndi matenda opatsirana (monga mphutsi za m'mphuno).
• Ma Basophil: Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pa matenda ena a ziwengo komanso kutupa.

Zinthu zofunika kuziganizira poganizira za ma platelet:

• Chiwerengero cha Maplatelet: Ichi ndi chiwerengero cha ma platelet omwe amathandiza magazi kuundana. Ngati awa ali otsika kuposa abwinobwino (izi zimatchedwa `Thrombocytopenia`), pali mwayi waukulu wotuluka magazi. Mwina mudamvapo za kuchepa kwa ma platelet awa panthawi ya dengue fever. Zingakhale zoopsa. Komanso, ngati awa ali okwera (`Thrombocytosis`), nthawi zina magazi kuundana amatha kupangika mkati mwa mitsempha yamagazi mosafunikira.

Chofunika Kwambiri: Nambala iliyonse ili ndi "Normal Range." Koma muyenera kudziwa kuti mitundu imeneyo imatha kusiyana pang'ono kuchokera ku labu kupita ku labu, komanso kutengera zinthu monga zaka zanu, jenda, ndi kutalika. Chifukwa chake, kuti mupeze tsatanetsatane wa manambala omwe ali mu lipoti lanu, muyenera kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu . Chonde musaganize kuti muli ndi matenda pongoyang'ana zinthu pa intaneti kapena kuziyerekeza ndi lipoti la mnzanu. Zimenezi zidzangoyambitsa mantha osafunikira.

Kodi mayeso a CBC amachitidwa bwanji? Kodi ndi chinthu choopera?

Tsopano mwina mukudabwa ngati mayeso a `CBC` awa ndi chinthu chomwe muyenera kuchita, kapena ngati chidzakupwetekani. Palibe choopa. Ndi zophweka kwambiri, ndipo zimatenga mphindi zochepa chabe.

Kawirikawiri zimaphatikizapo kutenga chitsanzo cha magazi pang'ono kuchokera mumtsempha womwe uli m'dzanja lanu (nthawi zambiri pansi pa chigongono chanu, komwe kumaonekera mosavuta). Izi zimachitika ndi dokotala, namwino wophunzitsidwa bwino, kapena katswiri wa labotale yachipatala mu labotale.

1. Choyamba, malo omwe magazi adzatengedwere amatsukidwa bwino ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga mowa.

2. Kenako, singano yaying'ono, yopyapyala (singano yosabala) imalowetsedwa mosamala mu mtsempha, ndipo kuchuluka kwa magazi kofunikira (pafupifupi mamililita angapo) kumasonkhanitsidwa mu chubu chapadera. Chubuchi chili ndi mankhwala (anticoagulant) omwe amaletsa magazi kuundana.

3. Mukachotsa singano, ikani chidutswa chaching'ono cha pulasitala kapena thonje pamalopo ndipo chigwireni pamenepo kwa kanthawi mpaka magazi atasiya kutuluka kwathunthu.

Singano ikalowetsedwa, ingamveke ngati nyerere kapena udzudzu ukuluma . Koma imangokhala kwa masekondi ochepa okha. Pambuyo pake, palibe ululu. Anthu ena amaopa singano pang'ono, zomwe sizachilendo. Ngati muli choncho, mutha kuyang'ana kwina ndi kupuma mpweya wakuya pamene magazi akutengedwa. Izi zingathandize kuchepetsa mantha pang'ono. Kugwira dzanja lanu kwakanthawi magazi atatengedwa kungathandizenso kuchepetsa mwayi woti malowo asanduke abuluu.

Kenako chitsanzo cha magazichi chimatumizidwa ku labu, komwe mitundu ya maselo omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa imawerengedwa ndipo tsatanetsatane wake umafufuzidwa. Nthawi zambiri zimatenga maola angapo, nthawi zina patsiku, kuti lipotilo lifike, kutengera ntchito ya labu.

Ndiye, ndi zinthu ziti zofunika kwambiri zomwe tiyenera kukumbukira zokhudza CBC iyi? (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Chabwino, takambirana zambiri za mayeso a `Complete Blood Count (CBC)`. Chifukwa chake, nazi mfundo zazikulu zomwe muyenera kukumbukira kuchokera pa zonsezi:

• `CBC` ndi mayeso ofala kwambiri komanso ofunika kwambiri omwe amayesa mitundu ikuluikulu ya maselo m'magazi mwanu, monga maselo ofiira a magazi, maselo oyera a magazi, ndi ma platelet, komanso makhalidwe awo ena ofunikira (monga hemoglobin).
• Kuyezetsa kumeneku kumakuthandizani kuzindikira matenda ena m'thupi lanu (monga kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, matenda osiyanasiyana, khansa zina), kuona momwe matendawa alili panopa, ndikuwunika momwe mankhwala amakhudzira.
• Mtundu uliwonse wa selo m'magazi uli ndi ntchito yakeyake. Maselo ofiira amanyamula mpweya, maselo oyera amateteza ku matenda, ndipo ma platelet amasiya kutuluka magazi. Ngati chilichonse mwa izi sichikupezeka, thanzi lathu lingakhudzidwe.
• Ndikofunikira kusiya kutanthauzira kwa manambala ndi zilembo mu lipoti la `CBC` kwa dokotala. `Normal Range` ingasiyane pang'ono kuchokera ku labu ina kupita ku ina. Chifukwa chake, musafulumire kuganiza mozama ndikuchita mantha kapena kusangalala mosafunikira.
• Kupereka magazi ndi chinthu chosavuta kwambiri chomwe chimabwera ndi ululu wa masekondi ochepa. Palibe choopa.
• Ngati muli ndi matenda aliwonse kapena zizindikiro zosadziwikiratu (monga kutopa kosalekeza, kutentha thupi pafupipafupi, kutuluka magazi m'malo osiyanasiyana a thupi), pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo kuti akupatseni upangiri. Ngati pakufunika kutero, iye atha kuyitanitsa mayeso a ``CBC``` kapena mayeso ena.

Pomaliza, mayeso a `CBC` awa ali ngati 'galasi' lomwe limafotokoza zambiri za dziko laling'ono mkati mwa thupi lathu, za thanzi lathu. Chifukwa chake, ndi thandizo lalikulu kwa ife kuti mayesowa achitike panthawi yoyenera, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zomwe tapeza, ndikusunga thanzi lathu. Tikufunira aliyense thanzi labwino!

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