Kodi munayang'anapo pagalasi ndikuona chinthu chonga chilonda chaching'ono pakamwa panu? Mwina munaganiza kuti ndi chilonda chozizira. Koma ngati chilondacho sichinachiritsidwe patatha milungu iwiri kapena itatu, ndi zachilendo kukhala ndi nkhawa pang'ono. Nthawi zambiri, sitisamala kwambiri zinthuzi, kupatula kuganiza kuti, "Mwina tikusowa vitamini C." Komabe, nthawi zina chilonda chaching'ono chomwe sichichira chingakhale chiyambi cha chinthu chomwe tiyenera kusamala nacho kwambiri. Ndicho chifukwa chake tinaganiza kuti tikambirane za nkhaniyi lero, Khansa ya Milomo. Musachite mantha, chofunika kwambiri ndikudziwa.
Mwachidule, kodi khansa ya milomo ndi chiyani?
Chabwino, tiyeni tinene mwachidule. Matupi athu amapangidwa ndi mabiliyoni a maselo ang'onoang'ono. Maselo amenewa amagawikana, amakula, ndipo pamapeto pake amafa. Iyi ndi njira yachibadwa. Koma pa khansa, pazifukwa zina, DNA ya maselowa imasintha, ndipo amayamba kugawikana mosalamulirika, ngati misala.
Mu khansa ya milomo, izi ndi zomwe zimachitika ku maselo omwe ali m'milomo yathu. Umu ndi momwe maselo osazolowereka amagawikana mosalamulirika, ndikupanga zotupa kapena zilonda zomwe sizichira .
Mtundu wofala kwambiri wa khansa ya milomo (pafupifupi 90%) ndi squamous cell carcinoma . Izi zimachitika kunja kwa maselo pakhungu lathu. Kuphatikiza apo , basal cell carcinoma ndi melanoma nazonso sizimachitika kawirikawiri. Ngakhale kuti khansa iyi imatha kuchitika pamlomo wapamwamba kapena pansi, imapezeka kwambiri pamlomo wotsika .
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti popeza milomo ndi gawo looneka bwino pankhope pathu, kusintha kulikonse konga kumeneku kungaonekere mwachangu. Chifukwa chake, n'zosavuta kuzizindikira msanga.
Kodi zizindikiro za izi zingakhale zotani?
Poyamba, khansa ya pakamwa imaoneka ngati chilonda pakamwa chomwe sichichira. Anthu ambiri amaisokoneza ndi chilonda chozizira. Koma kumbukirani, chilonda chozizira nthawi zambiri chimachira chokha mkati mwa masiku 10. Koma chilonda cha khansa sichichira mwanjira imeneyo ndipo chimakhalabe pamenepo.
Tiyeni tiwone zina zomwe ili nazo. Mutha kupeza lingaliro lomveka bwino pa izi kuchokera patebulo lomwe lili pansipa.
| Chizindikiro | Kufotokozera kosavuta |
|---|---|
| Chilonda chomwe sichichira | Chilonda, zilonda, kapena zilonda pakamwa zomwe sizichira. Ichi ndiye chizindikiro chofala kwambiri. |
| Malo osinthika mtundu | Chigamba chathyathyathya kapena chokwezeka pang'ono pamilomo chomwe chili choyera, chofiira (mwa anthu akhungu loyera), kapena chakuda/imvi (mwa anthu akhungu lakuda). |
| Ululu kapena dzanzi | Kupweteka, dzanzi, kapena kumva kuwawa m'milomo kapena mkamwa. |
| Kutuluka magazi | Kutuluka magazi kuchokera pa bala kapena mphuno pa mlomo. |
| Kukhuthala kwa milomo kapena chotupa | Kumva ngati mlomo ukukhuthala kapena mphuno yaying'ono yomwe ingamveke m'dzanja. |
| Kupukuta mano | Kumasuka mwadzidzidzi kwa mano. Ngati muvala mano opangidwa ndi mano, angaoneke ngati sakukwanira bwino mkamwa mwanu. |
| Kutupa kwa nsagwada | Kutupa m'dera la akakolo. |
N’chifukwa chiyani khansa ya milomo imayamba? Kodi zinthu zoopsa ndi ziti?
Ndipotu, madokotala sakudziwabe chomwe chimayambitsa khansa ya milomo. Komabe, aphunzira za moyo ndi malo omwe anthu ambiri adwala matendawa ndipo apeza zinthu zingapo zomwe zingayambitse matendawa.
Taganizirani izi motere. Tili ndi chitseko m'nyumba mwathu. Ngati tigwiritsa ntchito kiyi imodzi yokha kutseka chitsekocho, chimakhala chotetezeka. Koma ngati tiyika makiyi ambiri omwe sakukwanira bwino mu lokoyo ndikuyesera kuitembenuza nthawi zonse, pakapita kanthawi lokoyo ikhoza kusweka. Mofananamo, zinthu zoopsa izi ndi zinthu zomwe zimawononga maselo m'thupi lathu ndikuwonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi khansa.
Tiyeni tiwone zinthu zomwe zingatibweretsere mavuto mu tebulo ili m'munsimu.
| Choopsa | Kodi izi zimakhudza bwanji? |
|---|---|
| Kugwiritsa ntchito fodya | Ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu . Izi zikuphatikizapo zinthu zonse kuyambira ndudu, ndudu, kusuta beedi, kutafuna fodya, ndi kudya mtedza wa betel. |
| Kugwiritsa ntchito mowa mopitirira muyeso | Munthu amene amamwa mowa mopitirira muyeso komanso kugwiritsa ntchito fodya akhoza kukhala ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha khansa ya milomo kuwirikiza ka 30 . |
| Kupsa kwambiri ndi dzuwa | Anthu omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali padzuwa lamphamvu, monga m'dziko lathu, ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, makamaka chifukwa cha dzuwa lomwe lili pa mlomo wapansi. Izi zikuphatikizaponso kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa dzuwa kopangidwa (mabedi opaka utoto). |
| Mtundu wa khungu | Anthu omwe ali ndi khungu loyera ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chifukwa amatha kuonongeka ndi dzuwa mosavuta. |
| Kukhala ndi zaka zoposa 40 | Matendawa nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 50-60. |
| Jenda | Amuna ali ndi mwayi wochuluka wopeza khansa ya milomo katatu kuposa akazi (mwina chifukwa chakuti amuna ndi omwe amakonda kusuta ndi kumwa mowa). |
| Chitetezo cha mthupi chofooka | Ngati thupi silingathe kulimbana ndi matenda, chiopsezo cha maselo a khansa chimakula kwambiri. |
Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji matendawa?
Kawirikawiri, mungayambe mwaona kusintha kwamtunduwu mukapita kwa dokotala wa mano kukayezetsa mano kapena mukawona dokotala wa khungu ngati muli ndi vuto la khungu. Mukawona dokotala amene waona kusintha kwa milomo yanu, angachite izi:
1. Kuyezetsa Thupi: Dokotala adzayamba kaye wafufuza mosamala milomo yanu, pakamwa panu, nkhope yanu, ndi khosi lanu. Adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu ndi zizolowezi zanu, monga ngati mumasuta fodya.
2. Kufufuza Minofu Yofewa: Iyi ndiyo njira yotsimikizika kwambiri yotsimikizira matendawa . Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga chidutswa chaching'ono kwambiri cha minofu kuchokera pachilonda kapena chotupa ndikuchitumiza ku labu ya matenda kuti chikaunikidwe. Minofuyo imaunikiridwa pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu kuti ione ngati ili ndi maselo a khansa.
Ngati biopsy yatsimikizira kuti ndi khansa, dokotala adzafufuzanso kuti aone ngati khansayo yafalikira (yafalikira) kumadera ena kunja kwa milomo. Koma nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti khansa ya milomo nthawi zambiri imatha kupezeka isanafalikire.
Mayeso ngati awa angachitike kuti aone ngati khansa yafalikira:
- Mayeso Ojambula: Mayeso monga CT scan (Computed Tomography scan), PET scan, kapena MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza zotupa mkati mwa thupi.
- Endoscopy: Apa, mwapatsidwa mankhwala oletsa ululu ndipo chubu chaching'ono, chosinthasintha chokhala ndi kamera chimaperekedwa pakhosi panu kuti muwone ngati pali zizindikiro za khansa.
Kodi mankhwala ochizira izi ndi otani?
Chithandizo chabwino kwambiri kwa inu chidzadalira kukula kwa chotupa kapena chilonda komanso momwe khansayo ilili. Ngati yapezeka msanga, opaleshoni yokha nthawi zambiri imatha kuchiritsa kwathunthu. Ngati matendawa afalikira, pangafunike njira zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira.
Opaleshoni
Uwu ndiye chithandizo chachikulu. Apa, dokotala wa opaleshoni amachotsa chotupa cha khansa kapena chotupacho ndi minofu yaying'ono yathanzi yozungulira. Kenako, amasoka kuti abwezeretse mawonekedwe a milomo. Ngati pali kukayikira kuti khansayo yafalikira ku ma lymph nodes m'khosi, ikhozanso kuchotsedwa.
Chithandizo cha X-ray
Chithandizochi chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri (radiation) kuti chiwononge maselo a khansa. Nthawi zina chimaperekedwa ngati njira ina m'malo mwa opaleshoni, ndipo nthawi zina chimaperekedwa kuti chiwononge maselo aliwonse a khansa omwe angakhalepo pambuyo pa opaleshoni.
Mankhwala a Chemotherapy
Izi zimaphatikizapo kupatsa thupi mankhwala opha maselo a khansa. Mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa limodzi ndi chithandizo cha radiation. Ngati khansa yafalikira kumadera akutali a thupi, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito poletsa zizindikiro (chisamaliro cha palliative).
Chithandizo Cholunjika
Iyi ndi njira yatsopano yochiritsira. Apa, mankhwala amalimbana ndi kuwononga majini ndi mapuloteni enaake omwe amathandiza maselo a khansa kukula.
Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy
Mankhwalawa amalimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi lathu, motero amathandiza thupi kumenyana ndi maselo a khansa.
Ngati mukuda nkhawa ndi mawonekedwe a milomo yanu mutachita opaleshoni, musadandaule. Ndi ukadaulo wamakono, opaleshoni yokonzanso milomo yanu imatha kubwezeretsa mawonekedwe a milomo yanu kwambiri. Komanso, ngati mukuvutika kulankhula kapena kumeza mutachita opaleshoni, mutha kupempha thandizo kwa katswiri wa matenda olankhula.
Kodi khansa iyi imafalikira mofulumira? Kodi ndi yoopsa?
Yankho la funsoli nthawi zambiri ndi "ayi." Squamous cell carcinoma, mtundu wofala kwambiri wa khansa ya milomo, imafalikira pang'onopang'ono . Komanso, chifukwa milomo ndi malo owonekera bwino, anthu ambiri amatha kuwona kusinthaku msanga. Chifukwa chake, chithandizo chingayambe khansa isanafalikire.
Pachifukwa ichi, khansa ya milomo ndi mtundu wa khansa yomwe imachiritsidwa kwambiri . Malinga ndi ziwerengero, 91% ya omwe adapezeka ndi matendawa amakhalabe ndi moyo patatha zaka zisanu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwayi wochira ndi waukulu kwambiri.
Komabe, zonsezi zimadalira kuzindikirika msanga ndi chithandizo choyenera . Choncho, ngati muli ndi chilonda pakamwa panu chomwe sichichira, musachinyalanyaze.
Kodi tingatani kuti tichepetse chiopsezochi?
"Kupewa ndi bwino kuposa kuchiza." Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndi bwino kupewa matendawa kusiyana ndi kuwachiza akayamba kukula. Pali zinthu zingapo zosavuta zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu cha khansa ya milomo.
- Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito fodya kotheratu: Iyi ndi sitepe yofunika kwambiri yomwe mungachite. Ngati mukusuta, yesani kusiya.
- Siyani kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso: Ngati mumwa mowa, chepetsani kumwa mowawo.
- Tetezani milomo yanu ku dzuwa: Nthawi iliyonse mukapita ku dzuwa, gwiritsani ntchito mafuta odzola milomo okhala ndi SPF 30 osachepera. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito ngakhale masiku a mitambo. Pewani kuwala kwa dzuwa kuyambira 10 koloko m'mawa mpaka 4 koloko madzulo momwe mungathere.
- Pewani kuwala kwa dzuwa kochita kupanga: Zinthu monga malo opaka utoto zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya pakhungu ndi milomo.
- Kayezetseni khansa ya mkamwa: Nthawi iliyonse mukapita kwa dokotala wanu kapena dokotala wa mano, yang'anani pakamwa panu ngati pali kusintha kulikonse kwachilendo.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Ngati muli ndi zilonda, malovu, matuza, kapena chotupa pakamwa panu chomwe sichichira kwa milungu yoposa iwiri , musachinyalanyaze. Pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
- Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya milomo ndi fodya komanso kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso.
- Kuteteza milomo yanu ku dzuwa loopsa n'kofunika kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta odzola milomo okhala ndi SPF tsiku lililonse ndi chizolowezi chabwino.
- Khansa ya milomo si chinthu choopsa. Ngati yapezeka msanga, ndi matenda omwe amatha kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu .
- Kupsompsona kapena kukumbatira munthu amene ali ndi khansa ya pakamwa sikufalitsa matendawa. Khansa si matenda opatsirana.
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