Tiyeni tiphunzire zambiri za lipoproteins, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mafuta ndi mapuloteni.

Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo momwe mafuta m'thupi lathu (omwe amatchedwanso mafuta tikamalankhula) amasunthira kuchokera pamalo ena kupita kwina? Ma lipoprotein ndi tinthu tapadera tomwe timathandiza pa izi. Mwachidule, ali ngati magalimoto ang'onoang'ono omwe amanyamula zinthu monga mafuta ndi cholesterol m'thupi lathu kupita komwe amafunika kupita kudzera m'magazi. Amayenda m'mitsempha yathu yamagazi. Ma lipoprotein ena ndi abwino kwambiri pamtima pathu, koma ena angayambitse mavuto pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tikambirane za ma lipoprotein awa m'njira yosavuta komanso yolunjika, monga china chilichonse.

Kodi cholesterol ndi triglycerides ndi chiyani kwenikweni?

Tisanalankhule za lipoproteins, tiyeni timvetse pang'ono za mawu awiriwa: cholesterol ndi triglycerides. Onsewa ndi mafuta ofanana ndi sera omwe amapezeka m'magazi athu. Koma momwe matupi athu amapangira ndikugwiritsa ntchito ndi zosiyana pang'ono.

• Cholesterol: Nthawi zambiri, cholesterol imapangidwa m'chiwindi mwathu. Timapezanso cholesterol kuchokera muzakudya zina zomwe timadya, makamaka mafuta a nyama, nyama, nsomba, ndi mkaka. Cholesterol iyi si yoipa kwa matupi athu okha. Cholesterol iyi imathandiza kupanga vitamini D, ndi mahomoni ofunikira monga estrogen, testosterone, ndi cortisol . Sikuti ndi yofunikanso popanga maselo m'mitsempha yathu.

• Ma triglycerides: Izi zimapangidwa ndi chiwindi ndi matumbo athu m'thupi lathu. Tikamadya zakudya zambiri zamafuta komanso zama calorie ambiri, matupi athu amapanga ma triglycerides ambiri. Ma triglycerides owonjezera omwe timapanga amasungidwa m'maselo athu amafuta. Pambuyo pake, thupi likafuna mphamvu, ma triglycerides osungidwawa amatulutsidwa m'magazi.

Tsopano mwina mukumvetsa tanthauzo la cholesterol ndi triglycerides komanso kufunika kwake m'thupi lathu. Komabe, vuto ndi pamene akwera kwambiri.

Kodi pali mitundu iti ya lipoproteins?

Pali mitundu ikuluikulu isanu ya lipoproteins m'thupi lathu. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili.

• High-density lipoprotein (HDL): Ichi ndi chomwe timachitcha "cholesterol yabwino." HDL imathandiza kunyamula cholesterol yochulukirapo kuchokera m'thupi kubwerera ku chiwindi, komwe imatulutsidwa. Kuchuluka kwa HDL kumachepetsa chiopsezo chathu chodwala matenda a mtima. Zili ngati bwenzi lathu.

• Low-density lipoprotein (LDL): Ichi ndi chomwe timachitcha "cholesterol yoyipa"Amatchedwa. Kuchuluka kwa LDL kumawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga matenda monga matenda a mitsempha ya mtima, matenda a mtima, ndi sitiroko. LDL imanyamula cholesterol ndikuyiyika m'mitsempha yathu yamagazi. Ikayikidwa motere, imakhala ngati dothi mu chitoliro, kuchepetsa malo mkati mwa mitsempha yamagazi ndikuletsa kuyenda kwa magazi. Matendawa timawatcha kuti atherosclerosis .

• Ma lipoprotein otsika kwambiri (VLDL): Uwu ndi mtundu wina wa "cholesterol yoyipa." VLDL imatenga ma triglycerides kupita ku minofu yathu. Imathandizanso kunyamula cholesterol pamlingo winawake.

• Ma lipoprotein apakatikati (IDL): Izi zimapangidwa pambuyo poti VLDL yachotsa mafuta ena mu thupi lake. Kenako IDL iyi imachotsedwa ndi chiwindi kapena kusinthidwa kukhala LDL.

• Ma Chylomicron: Awa ndi tinthu tambiri ta lipoprotein. Amanyamulanso triglycerides.

Mukuona, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya lipoproteins, ndipo amachita zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Kodi lipoprotein (a) kapena LP (a) ndi chiyani?

Imeneyi ndi yapadera pang'ono. Lipoprotein (a) kapena LP(a) ndi mtundu womwewo wa LDL, "cholesterol yoyipa" yomwe tidakambirana. Koma iyi ndi yapadera. Puloteni ina yotchedwa apolipoprotein (a) kapena apo(a) imazungulira tinthu ta LDL. Apo(a) iyi imapangitsa tinthu ta LDL kukhala "tomata" pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, LP(a) iyi imatha kusungidwa mosavuta m'mitsempha yamagazi, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda amtima. Kukhala ndi LP(a) yambiri ndi chinthu chachikulu chomwe chingayambitse matenda a atherosclerosis.

Ngakhale zakudya zathu ndi moyo wathu zingakhudze milingo ina ya HDL ndi LDL, milingo yathu ya LP(a) imadalira kwambiri majini athu. Anthu ena ali ndi milingo yambiri ya LP(a) chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini. Anthu oterewa ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a mtima ali aang'ono.

Kodi mayeso a magazi a Lipid Panel ndi chiyani?

Dokotala wanu mwina anakupemphani kuti muyese "lipid profile." Umu ndi momwe mayeso a magazi a lipid panel amatchulidwira. Amayesa cholesterol yonse m'magazi anu. Amayesanso kuchuluka kwa HDL, LDL, ndi triglycerides, komanso cholesterol yonse yanu.

Kuyeza magazi kumeneku ndi kosavuta kwambiri. Kumatenga mphindi zosakwana zisanu. Mutha kuchita izi ku ofesi ya dokotala wanu, ku labu, kapena kuchipatala. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino, muyenera kusala kudya kwa maola 8 mpaka 12 musanayese magazi awa.Izi zikutanthauza kuti simudzadya kapena kumwa chilichonse. Mungapemphedwenso kuti musiye kumwa mankhwala aliwonse omwe mukumwa kwa kanthawi. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kutsatira malangizo a dokotala molondola.

Kodi lipoprotein (a) [LP(a)] imayesedwa bwanji ndipo liti?

Kawirikawiri, si aliyense amene amayesedwa mulingo wa LP(a) wake. Pokhapokha ngati dokotala wanu wapempha, ndiye kuti adzayang'ana mulingo wa LP(a) pamodzi ndi lipid panel.

Mayesowa nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa kwa anthu okhawo omwe ali ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a mtima. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Ngati munakhalapo ndi vuto la mtima kale.
• Ngati wina aliyense m'banja mwanu, makamaka achibale anu (makolo, abale anu), wakhala ndi matenda a mtima ali wamng'ono.
• Ngati mulingo wanu wa LDL uli wokwera kwambiri.
• Ngati muli ndi zinthu zomwe zingakupangitseni kukhala ndi hypercholesterolemia m'banja , matenda a majini omwe amayambitsa kuchuluka kwa LDL m'magazi.

Kodi kufunika kwa mayeso a magazi a lipid ndi kotani?

Kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi nthawi zambiri sikubweretsa zizindikiro zilizonse, kotero kuyezetsa magazi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yodziwira mavuto a mafuta m'thupi omwe angakhudze mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi.

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito mayeso a magazi a lipid awa pazinthu monga:

• Kuyezetsa: Izi zitha kuchitika ngati gawo la kuyezetsa kwanu kwachipatala chaka chilichonse. Izi zingakuthandizeni kudziwa ngati muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a mtima. Mukadziwa kuti muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu, mutha kuchitapo kanthu kuti mupewe matenda oopsa monga matenda a mtima ndi sitiroko.
• Kuzindikira: Kuyezetsa magazi kwa cholesterol kumathandizanso kuzindikira matenda monga atherosclerosis .
• Kuwunika: Zotsatira za mayesowa zingakuthandizeni kuona ngati kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi anu kukuipiraipira, kukufunika chithandizo, kapena ngati mukuyankha bwino chithandizo.

Kodi mayeso a lipoprotein amenewa ayenera kuchitidwa kangati?

Ndi zachilendo kuti lipoprotein ndi cholesterol yonse ziwonjezeke ndi ukalamba. Pamene chiopsezo chanu chikuwonjezeka, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti mupimidwe pafupipafupi.

Zotsatirazi nthawi zambiri zimalimbikitsidwa poyesa magazi a lipid:

• Kwa amuna azaka zopitilira 35 ndi akazi azaka zopitilira 45.
• Matenda a atherosclerosis amapezeka kwambiri mwa amuna azaka zapakati pa 20 ndi 35 komanso mwa akazi azaka zapakati pa 20 ndi 45.
• Kwa ana, ndi bwino kutenga mayesowa kamodzi pakati pa zaka 9 ndi 11, kenako kachiwiri pakati pa zaka 17 ndi 21.

Kodi mulingo wabwino wa lipoproteins ndi wotani?

Ma labu amayesa cholesterol ndi lipoproteins mu ma milligrams pa deciliter (mg/dL). Njira zomwe labu iliyonse imagwiritsa ntchito zimatha kusiyana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zotsatira za magazi omwewo zimatha kusiyana pang'ono kuchokera ku labu ina kupita ku ina. Nthawi iliyonse ikatheka, dokotala wanu adzafuna kugwiritsa ntchito labu yomweyo kuti ayang'anire kuchuluka kwa magazi omwe muli nawo.

Miyezo ya HDL, LDL, triglycerides, ndi cholesterol yonse imasiyana malinga ndi zaka ndi jenda. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za milingo yabwino yomwe ili yoyenera kwa inu. Kawirikawiri, ngati mulibe zinthu zina zomwe zingakuike pachiwopsezo, izi zimaonedwa kuti ndi zathanzi:

• Cholesterol yonse: 100-199 mg/dL kwa anthu azaka zopitirira 21; 75-169 mg/dL kwa anthu azaka 20 ndi kuchepera.
• HDL (cholesterol yabwino): 45 mg/dL kapena kupitirira apo. (55 mg/dL kapena kupitirira apo ndi yabwino kwa akazi, 45 mg/dL kapena kupitirira apo kwa amuna)
• LDL (cholesterol yoipa): yochepera 100 mg/dL.
• Triglycerides: Zosakwana 150 mg/dL.

Gulu la mafuta silingathe kuyeza mwachindunji milingo ya VLDL, ndipo palibe mayeso enieni a izi. M'malo mwake, ma lab amayesa milingo ya VLDL yanu pogawa triglycerides yanu ndi zisanu. Mulingo wabwino wa VLDL uyenera kukhala wochepera 30 mg/dL. Komabe, njira iyi si yolondola nthawi zonse ngati triglycerides yanu ili yokwera kwambiri.

Kodi phindu labwinobwino la lipoprotein (a) [LP(a)] ndi lotani?

Milingo ya LP(a) imanenedwa mu mg/dL kapena nanomoles pa lita imodzi (nmol/L). Mtengo woposa 50 mg/dL kapena 75 nmol/L umaonedwa kuti ndi wokwera, ndipo umawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda monga atherosclerosis, matenda a mtima, ndi sitiroko .

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yoyipa (LDL)?

Azimayi omwe afika nthawi yosiya kusamba ndi akuluakulu opitirira zaka 40 ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha kuchuluka kwa LDL m'magazi. Komabe, ngakhale ana aang'ono akhoza kukhala ndi mavuto a cholesterol. Mukakula, kagayidwe kanu ka chakudya kamachepa, ndipo chiwindi chanu chimalephera kuchotsa cholesterol yoyipa m'thupi lanu.

Fuko ndi fuko nazonso zimachita gawo. Anthu aku Asia aku America ali ndi mwayi waukulu wokhala ndi LDL yokwera, pomwe azungu ali ndi mwayi waukulu wokhala ndi cholesterol yokwera.

Zinthu zina zomwe zingayambitse kuwonjezeka kwa LDL ndi izi:

• Zakudya zokhala ndi ma calories ambiri, mafuta okhuta, ndi cholesterol. (Tiyeneranso kuganizira pang'ono za zakudya zokazinga ndi mafuta zomwe timadya.)
• Matenda monga matenda a shuga ndi matenda a impso.
• Mbiri ya banja yokhala ndi cholesterol yambiri.
• Kumwa mowa kwambiri komanso kusuta fodya.
• Mankhwala monga corticosteroids ndi mankhwala ena a kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi HIV/AIDS.
• Kunenepa kwambiri (Kunenepa kwambiri).

Kodi mungachiritse bwanji kuchuluka kwa LDL m'magazi?

Anthu omwe ali ndi LDL yambiri, zomwe zimawaika pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a mtima ndi sitiroko, nthawi zambiri amafunika mankhwala ochepetsa cholesterol, monga ma statins, ezetimibe, ndi zoletsa za PCSK9 . Muthanso kusintha milingo iyi mwa kusintha zakudya zanu ndi moyo wanu.

Kodi mungatani kuti muwonjezere kuchuluka kwa lipoprotein m'magazi?

Kusintha zakudya zanu ndi moyo wanu kungathandize kuchepetsa cholesterol yoipa (LDL) ndikuwonjezera cholesterol yanu yabwino (HDL). Njira izi zingathandize:

• Yesetsani kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa mphindi zosachepera 150 pa sabata (zomwe ndi pafupifupi mphindi 30 patsiku). Ngakhale kuyenda pang'ono kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikwabwino.
• Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi la mtima. Izi zikutanthauza kudya zakudya zomwe zili ndi mafuta ochepa osapatsa thanzi, shuga wamba (chakudya), komanso zokhala ndi ulusi wambiri.
• Lamulirani kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi matenda a shuga.
• Gonani bwino.
• Khalani ndi kulemera koyenera. Ngati muli onenepa kwambiri, kuchepetsa 5% mpaka 10% ya kulemera kwa thupi lanu kungathandize kuti mafuta m'thupi lanu akhale abwino.
• Pezani njira zabwino zothanirana ndi kupsinjika maganizo.
• Chepetsani kumwa mowa.
• Pemphani thandizo kuti musiye kusuta fodya (nicotine imawonjezera kuchuluka kwa LDL ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa HDL).

Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba:

Chabwino, lero takambirana zambiri za lipoproteins, sichoncho? Mwachidule, nazi zinthu zazikulu zomwe muyenera kukumbukira:

• Ma lipoprotein ali ngati magalimoto omwe amanyamula mafuta ndi cholesterol m'matupi athu.
• HDL ndi "cholesterol yabwino," yomwe imathandiza kuchotsa cholesterol yochulukirapo m'thupi.
• LDL ndi "cholesterol yoipa." Ngati iwonjezeka, imatha kusonkhana m'mitsempha yamagazi ndikuyambitsa matenda a mtima.
• LP(a) ndi mtundu wina wa cholesterol yoipa "yomata", yomwe imawonjezeranso chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima.
• Zinthu monga moyo wanu, zakudya, ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi zingakhudze kwambiri kuchuluka kwa lipoprotein m'magazi anu.
• Nthawi zina mankhwala (monga "Statins") angafunike kuti achepetse milingo ya LDL ndi LP(a) ndikuwonjezera milingo ya HDL.
• Chofunika kwambiri ndikupita kukayezetsa magazi nthawi zonse kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa magazi anu komanso kutsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu.

Ndikukhulupirira kuti izi zikuthandizani kuti mtima wanu ukhale wathanzi!

Ma lipoprotein, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, VLDL, matenda a mtima, lipid panel, atherosclerosis, LP(a), cholesterol