Mwina mumapita kwa dokotala mukakhala ndi malungo, chifuwa, kapena matenda ena ndipo akukupatsani mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, sichoncho? Gulu lina lapadera la mankhwala opha tizilombo amenewa limatchedwa 'Macrolides'. Mwina munapatsidwapo mankhwala okhala ndi dzina limeneli kale. Choncho lero, tiyeni tikambirane za macrolides awa, matenda omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza, komanso zomwe tiyenera kudziwa tikamawagwiritsa ntchito.
Kodi macrolides awa ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule, ma macrolides ndi gulu la maantibayotiki. Ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikuletsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya omwe alowa m'thupi lathu. Kunena zoona, mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito poletsa ntchito ya mabakiteriya kuti asafalikire kapena kukula kwambiri.
Koma pali chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe tonse tiyenera kumvetsetsa apa. Mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Macrolide amangogwira ntchito yolimbana ndi matenda a bakiteriya. Sachiritsa matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi monga chimfine ndi fuluwenza.
Komanso, anthu ena akhoza kukhala ndi vuto la maantibayotiki ena, monga penicillin. Pazochitika zotere, madokotala amalemba ma macrolides ngati njira ina.
Ndi ma macrolides ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri?
Pali mitundu ingapo ya ma macrolides omwe madokotala nthawi zambiri amawapereka ku Sri Lanka ndi padziko lonse lapansi. Mwina mukudziwa dzina limodzi mwa mayina awa.
| Dzina la Mankhwala | Chiyambi chachidule |
|---|---|
| Azithromycin | Uwu ndi mtundu wa macrolide womwe anthu ambiri adamvapo ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. |
| Clarithromycin | Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa zilonda zam'mimba. |
| Erythromycin | Mtundu wakale wa macrolide womwe umabwera ngati mapiritsi komanso kirimu (gel) wopaka pakhungu. |
| Fidaxomicin | Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa matenda a C. diff, matenda oopsa a m'matumbo. |
Kodi macrolides amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda otani?
Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana a bakiteriya. Nazi zitsanzo zina:
- Chibayo chosazolowereka: Mtundu wapadera wa chibayo, womwe umadziwikanso kuti "chibayo choyenda."
- Matenda a maso a bakiteriya: Matenda omwe amayambitsa zizindikiro monga kufiira ndi maso otuluka madzi.
- Matenda a pakhungu: Pa matenda monga ziphuphu, gel yokhala ndi Erythromycin nthawi zina imaperekedwa kuti ichepetse mabakiteriya pakhungu.
- Matenda a pakhosi: Makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la penicillin.
- Chifuwa chofewa/Chifuwa chofewa: Matenda omwe amayambitsa chifuwa chachikulu komanso chokhalitsa.
- Matenda a H. pylori: Ichi ndi kachilombo ka bakiteriya komwe kamayambitsa zilonda zam'mimba. Kachizidwa ndi mankhwala monga `(Clarithromycin)` pamodzi ndi mankhwala ena.
- Matenda opatsirana pogonana: Kwa matenda monga Chlamydia.
- Matenda ena: Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiza matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kukwawa kwa mphaka (matenda otupa a mphaka), diphtheria, ndi kutsegula m'mimba kwa apaulendo.
Kodi mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji ndipo kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Maantibayotiki a macrolide amabwera m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
- Mapiritsi omezedwa
- Zakumwa
- Ma gels kapena njira zopatsira pakhungu
- Mafuta odzola
- Jakisoni woperekedwa ndi dokotala
Chofunika kwambiri ndikumwa mankhwala monga momwe dokotala wanu wanenera, mu mlingo wovomerezeka, komanso kwa masiku olembedwa. Makamaka ngati ndi mankhwala amadzimadzi, gwiritsani ntchito chipangizo choyezera chokha chomwe chimabwera nawo. Kuyeza ndi supuni za tiyi kunyumba sikungakupatseni mlingo weniweni.
Ngakhale mutamva bwino, muyenera kumwa mankhwalawo kwa masiku onse omwe dokotala wakupatsani. Apo ayi, matendawa sangachiritsidwe kwathunthu, ndipo mabakiteriya ena akhoza kukhalabe m'thupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matendawa abwererenso. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kumaliza mankhwalawo.
Kodi macrolides ali ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa?
Monga maantibayotiki ena aliwonse, ma macrolides angayambitse zotsatirapo zazing'ono. Chofala kwambiri ndi kusokonezeka kwa m'mimba.
- Kusanza ndi kusanza
- Kupweteka m'mimba kapena kupweteka
- Kutsegula m'mimba
Zotsatirapo izi nthawi zambiri sizimakhala zoopsa. Komabe, mtundu wake ungasiyane malinga ndi mtundu wa macrolide womwe mukumwa. Dokotala wanu adzakuuzani za izi.
Kuphatikiza apo, ma macrolides amatha kuyanjana ndi mankhwala ena omwe mukumwa. Chifukwa chake, onetsetsani kuti mwauza dokotala wanu za mankhwala onse, mavitamini, ndi zowonjezera zomwe mukumwa. Komanso, uzani dokotala wanu ngati mumamwa mowa. Nthawi zina mungafunike kupewa mowa mukamamwa mankhwalawa.
Ngakhale kuti sizichitika kawirikawiri, anthu ena amatha kukhala ndi ziwengo. Chizindikiro chofala kwambiri ndi kutupa pakhungu. Nthawi zambiri, matenda oopsa a pakhungu monga matenda a Stevens-Johnson amatha kuchitika.
Kodi kusintha kwa kugunda kwa mtima (arrhythmias) kungachitike?
Izi ndizosowa kwambiri, koma ndikofunikira kuzidziwa. Ma macrolide ena ali ndi chiopsezo chochepa kwambiri choyambitsa kugunda kwa mtima kosazolowereka (arrhythmias). Izi zili choncho chifukwa mankhwalawa amatha kutalikitsa chinthu chotchedwa QT interval. Mwachidule, zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti minofu ya mtima igwire kenako n’kupumula. Izi zingayambitse kugunda kwa mtima koopsa kotchedwa Torsades de Pointes.
Ngati muli ndi vuto la mtima, dokotala adzaganizira zimenezo ndipo adzakupatsani mankhwala ena oletsa kupha tizilombo ngati pakufunika kutero.
Kodi muyenera kukaonana ndi dokotala liti?
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu pazochitika zotsatirazi.
| Mwayi | Kufotokozera |
|---|---|
| Mu mkhalidwe wotere, lankhulani ndi dokotala. | |
| Mafunso okhudza momwe mungamwere mankhwala | Ngati simukudziwa bwino zinthu monga mlingo ndi nthawi. |
| Kusasangalala chifukwa cha zotsatirapo zake | Ngati kuli kovuta kumwa mankhwala chifukwa cha zinthu monga nseru ndi kusanza. |
| Palibe kuchepetsa zizindikiro | Ngati matenda anu sanachiritsidwe ngakhale mutamaliza kumwa mankhwala. |
| Zizindikiro za ziwengo | Ngati chinachake chonga ziphuphu pakhungu chikuwonekera. |
| Zikatero, pitani ku chipatala cha Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) nthawi yomweyo. | |
| Kutsegula m'mimba kwambiri | Ngati muli ndi kutsegula m'mimba kotuluka madzi kangapo patsiku kapena ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za kutaya madzi m'thupi. |
| Matenda oopsa a ziwengo | Ngati mukumva zizindikiro za anaphylaxis, monga kuvutika kupuma ndi kutupa pankhope, izi ndi zadzidzidzi. |
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Macrolides ndi mtundu wa mankhwala opha tizilombo omwe amaperekedwa pochiza matenda a bakiteriya . Sagwira ntchito polimbana ndi matenda opatsirana monga chimfine.
- Imwani mankhwala onse omwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani, kwa masiku onse . Musasiye kumwa pakati.
- Uzani dokotala wanu za mankhwala ena onse omwe mukumwa komanso matenda ena aliwonse omwe muli nawo (makamaka matenda a mtima).
- Zotsatirapo zazing'ono monga kusokonezeka m'mimba zingachitike, koma ngati mukumva kutsegula m'mimba kwambiri, kutupa pakhungu, kapena kupuma movutikira , funsani upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
- Ngati mukumva zizindikiro zoopsa za ziwengo kapena kutaya madzi m'thupi zomwe zimafuna chithandizo mwamsanga, pitani ku Dipatimenti Yodzidzimutsa (ETU) ya chipatala chapafupi.
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