Mawu oti 'chotupa cha muubongo' kapena 'khansa ya muubongo' amakupangitsani kunjenjemera, sichoncho? Ndi mawu owopsa kwambiri. Koma tikadziwa zonsezi, tingathe kuchepetsa mantha amenewo kwambiri. Lero tikulankhula za mtundu wa khansa yotchedwa glioma, yomwe ingachitike muubongo ndi msana. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe chilidi, chifukwa chake chimakula, zizindikiro zake ndi ziti, komanso mankhwala omwe alipo.
Kodi Glioma ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Mwachidule, glioma ndi dzina lofala la gulu la khansa lomwe limayambira mu 'maselo a glial' mu ubongo wathu ndi msana. Maselo a glial awa ndi mtundu wofunikira kwambiri wa selo womwe umathandizira, kuteteza, ndikudyetsa maselo athu amitsempha. Chifukwa chake, glioma imayamba pamene maselo awa ayamba kukula mosalamulirika.
Zizindikiro, nthawi yodziwira khansa, ndi chithandizo cha khansa yamtunduwu zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi munthu. Izi zimadalira zaka zanu, mtundu wa khansa, zizindikiro za majini (biomarkers), komanso komwe chotupacho chili muubongo. Mitundu ina ya ma glioma imakula mwachangu kwambiri ndikufalikira mu minofu ya ubongo yabwinobwino. Izi zikachitika, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuchotsa kwathunthu ndi opaleshoni, ndipo nthawi zina sizingatheke konse.
Glioblastomas ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa khansa ya muubongo mwa akuluakulu. Amapezeka kawirikawiri mwa okalamba ndipo amapezeka pang'ono mwa amuna.
Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa izi?
Ili ndi vuto lomwe anthu ambiri ali nalo. Pali zinthu zingapo zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a glioma zomwe zapezeka.
- Chithandizo cha radiation: Chithandizo cha radiation chomwe chidachitika kale ku ubongo ndi chinthu chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a glioma.
- Kuvulala mutu: Kuvulala mutu kumaonedwanso ngati chinthu choopsa pamlingo winawake.
- Matenda a majini: Ngakhale kuti matenda ena a majini amawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga khansa iyi mwa ana, koma ndi osowa kwambiri kwa akuluakulu.
Anthu ambiri akuda nkhawa kuti zizolowezi zawo za moyo mwina ndi zomwe zayambitsa izi. Koma kumbukirani kuti palibe umboni wotsimikizira pakati pa zinthu zomwe zimachitika m'moyo monga kumwa mowa, kusuta fodya, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito foni yam'manja ndi matenda oopsa a glioma. Choncho musadandaule nazo mopanda chifukwa .
Mitundu yayikulu ndi magulu a glioma
Glioma ndi mtundu wa khansa womwe umagawidwa malinga ndi mtundu wa selo la glial lomwe limachokera komanso momwe limakulira mofulumira. Mwachidule, lingagawidwe m'magulu awiri akuluakulu: "kukula pang'onopang'ono" (kotsika) ndi "kukula mwachangu" (kokwera). Tiyeni tiwone mitundu ina yayikulu.
| Mtundu wa glioma | Kufotokozera kosavuta |
|---|---|
| Astrocytomas | Izi zimayambira m'maselo otchedwa astrocytes. Nthawi zambiri zimafalikira mu minofu ya ubongo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuchira kwathunthu. Zimayikidwa mu giredi 1 mpaka 4. Giredi 1 ndi yomwe imakula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo Giredi 4 ndi mtundu wachangu komanso woopsa kwambiri. |
| Oligodendrogliomas | Izi zimayambira m'maselo otchedwa oligodendrocytes. Ena amakula pang'onopang'ono, koma amatha kufalikira ku minofu yozungulira. Nthawi zina izi zimatha kuchiritsidwa. Mitundu yapamwamba imafalikira mwachangu ndipo imakhala yovuta kuchiza. |
| Glioblastomas | Izi ndi khansa zamphamvu kwambiri zomwe zimabuka kumayambiriro kwa maselo a glial. Nthawi zonse zimakhala giredi 4. Iyi ndi khansa yaubongo yomwe imakula mofulumira kwambiri komanso yowopsa kwambiri yomwe imawonedwa mwa akuluakulu. |
| Ependymomas | Izi ndi mtundu wa glioma. Popeza sizilowa muubongo monga mitundu ina, zimatha kupambana kwambiri ngati zitachotsedwa kwathunthu ndi opaleshoni. Komabe, zimatha kufalikira kudzera mumadzimadzi a m'mitsempha ya ubongo. |
Zizindikiro za khansa ndi majini
Malinga ndi gulu la World Health Organization (WHO), khansa zimenezi zimayesedwa malinga ndi momwe maselo a khansa amaonekera pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu komanso majini awo. Kupezeka kwa kusintha kwa majini ena (monga `IDH mutation`, `1p/19q co-deletion`) kumasonyeza kuti khansa imayankha bwino mankhwala ena. Izi ndi zovuta, choncho dokotala wanu adzakufotokozerani izi.
Kodi inunso muli ndi zizindikiro izi?
Zizindikiro za glioma zimasiyana malinga ndi komwe chotupa cha muubongo chili. Mwachitsanzo, mutu ukhoza kukhala wosiyana ndi mutu wamba ndipo umaoneka kuti ukukulirakulira tsiku ndi tsiku. Kapena ukhoza kukhala ndi khunyu mwadzidzidzi. Izi ndi zizindikiro zazikulu.
Zizindikiro zodziwika kwambiri:
- Mutu: Pafupifupi theka la anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya muubongo ali ndi chizindikiro ichi.
- Kugwidwa ndi khunyu: Kugwidwa ndi khunyu mwadzidzidzi popanda chifukwa chomveka.
- Kutaya kukumbukira: Kuiwala zochitika zaposachedwa.
- Kufooka kwa thupi: dzanzi m'dzanja limodzi kapena mwendo, kulephera kulamulira minofu.
- Mavuto a maso: kusawona bwino, kuona zinthu ziwiri.
- Mavuto olankhula: kusalankhula bwino mawu pamene akulankhula, kulephera kukumbukira mawu oyenera.
- Kusintha kwa umunthu: Kusintha kwa khalidwe, monga mkwiyo wadzidzidzi kapena kusokonezeka maganizo.
Pamene khansa ikukula, zizindikirozi zimatha kuipiraipira pang'onopang'ono chifukwa zimawononga maselo a muubongo, zimakanikiza mbali zina za ubongo, ndikupangitsa ubongo kutupa.
Kodi madokotala amazindikira bwanji izi? (Kuzindikira)
Ngati mukukayikira kuti pali chotupa muubongo, chinthu choyamba chomwe dokotala angachite ndikuyitanitsa kuti akapime ubongo.
1. Kujambula: Kujambula kwa `CT` kapena `MRI` kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi. Kujambula kwa `MRI` kungathandize kupeza zithunzi zomveka bwino.
2. Biopsy: Ngati scan ikutsimikizira kuti pali chotupa, chidutswa chaching'ono chimatengedwa ndikuyesedwa kuti adziwe mtundu weniweni wa khansa. Timachitcha 'biopsy'. Ngati opaleshoni ikuchitidwa, chidutswachi chikhoza kutengedwa nthawi yomweyo. Ngati chotupacho chili mkati mwa ubongo ndipo sichingachitidwe opaleshoni, njira yapadera yotchedwa `stereotactic needle biopsy` imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kabowo kakang'ono m'chigaza ndikudutsamo singano kuti mupeze chitsanzo cha minofu.
Kodi mankhwala ochizira izi ndi otani?
Pali njira zingapo zochizira glioma. Kusankha chithandizo kumadalira mtundu, giredi, malo, zizindikiro za majini (biomarkers) a khansa, komanso zaka za wodwalayo komanso thanzi lake lonse.
- Opaleshoni:Cholinga chachikulu ndikuchotsa chotupacho mosamala momwe zingathere. Kuchotsa chotupacho mochuluka momwe kungathekere popanda kuwononga ntchito zofunika kwambiri za ubongo (kulankhula, kuyenda) kungachepetse zizindikiro ndikuletsa kufalikira kwa matendawa.
- Chithandizo cha Radiation: Chimagwiritsa ntchito ma X-ray amphamvu kwambiri kapena mitundu ina ya radiation kuti chiwononge maselo otsala a khansa.
- Chemotherapy: Kupereka mankhwala (kudzera m'mapiritsi kapena jakisoni) omwe amaletsa kukula kwa maselo a khansa.
- Chithandizo Cholunjika: Izi ndi zosiyana ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy wamba. Awa ndi mankhwala amakono omwe amalimbana ndi mapuloteni enaake kapena zizindikiro za majini zomwe zimathandiza maselo a khansa kukula.
- Kuchiza Mosinthana ndi Magetsi: Iyi ndi njira yatsopano yochizira. Ma electrode amayikidwa pamwamba pa chigaza ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi yochepa imayikidwa, yomwe imawononga maselo a khansa popanda kuvulaza maselo abwinobwino. Chipangizo chotchedwa ``Optune Gio`` chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi.
- Chithandizo Chothandizira: Chithandizo choperekedwa kuti achepetse zizindikiro. Mwachitsanzo, corticosteroids kuti achepetse kutupa kwa ubongo ndi mankhwala oletsa kukomoka kuti achepetse khunyu.
- Mayeso a Zachipatala: Kafukufuku woyesa kugwira ntchito bwino komanso chitetezo cha mankhwala atsopano. Odwala ena atha kutenga nawo mbali pa izi.
Chithandizo chimasiyananso malinga ndi mtundu wa khansa. Mwachitsanzo, opaleshoni ndiyo njira yaikulu yothandizira astrocytoma ya kalasi yotsika. Komabe, glioblastoma ya kalasi yokwera imafuna kuphatikiza opaleshoni, chithandizo cha radiation, ndi chemotherapy.
Kumbukirani, zisankho zonsezi zimapangidwa ndi gulu lachipatala lotsogozedwa ndi dokotala wanu. Choncho ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudza chilichonse, musaope kuwafunsa.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Glioma ndi mtundu wa khansa womwe umayambira m'maselo othandizira ubongo ndi msana.
- Ngati mukumva zizindikiro monga mutu wopweteka pafupipafupi, khunyu losadziwika bwino, kuiwala zinthu, kapena kufooka m'thupi lanu, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
- Zizolowezi za moyo monga kugwiritsa ntchito foni yam'manja, kusuta fodya, ndi kumwa mowa sizinatsimikizidwe kuti zimayambitsa khansa iyi. Choncho musachite mantha kwambiri.
- Njira zochiritsira (opaleshoni, radiation, chemotherapy) zimatsimikiziridwa ndi madokotala kutengera mtundu ndi giredi ya khansa komanso momwe wodwalayo alili.
- Ngakhale kuti kuchuluka kwa machiritso a gliomas apamwamba ndi kochepa, zotsatira zabwino zitha kupezeka kutengera chithandizo chamakono komanso zizindikiro za majini a wodwalayo.
- Ngati muli ndi kukayikira kulikonse, ndi bwino komanso kotetezeka kukambirana momasuka ndi dokotala wanu m'malo mofufuza pa intaneti za vutoli.
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