Kodi mwamvapo za matenda achilendo awa? Tiyeni tiphunzire za Melioidosis kuyambira A mpaka Z!

Kodi mudamvapo za matenda otchedwa 'Melioidosis'? Dzinali lingamveke lachilendo pang'ono. Koma uwu ndi matenda omwe ayenera kuganiziridwa m'maiko ngati athu komwe kuli kutentha ndi chinyezi chambiri, makamaka kwa iwo omwe ali ndi dothi ndi madzi. Chifukwa chake palibe choopa, tiyeni tikambirane za izi mosavuta, mwanjira yomwe mungamvetse.

Kodi Melioidosis ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, melioidosis ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha bakiteriya . Amayambitsidwa ndi mtundu wa bakiteriya wotchedwa Burkholderia pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei). Amafalikira kwa ife kudzera mu kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi dothi kapena madzi oipitsidwa omwe ali ndi bakiteriyayu. Zizindikiro zomwe mumakhala nazo zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi munthu ndi munthu. Zimatengera momwe mudatengera kachilomboka komanso ngati muli ndi matenda ena omwe amayambitsa matendawa.

Matendawa amatha kukhudza anthu ndi nyama. Komabe, safalikira kuchokera ku nyama kupita kwa anthu . Ndikofunikanso kukumbukira kuti matendawa nthawi zina amatchedwa "matenda a Whitmore".

Kodi Melioidosis ndi yofala kwambiri kuti?

Bakiteriya ya `B. pseudomallei` imapezeka kwambiri m'nthaka ndi m'madzi akumpoto kwa Australia ndi Southeast Asia - makamaka mayiko oyandikana nawo monga Thailand, Singapore, ndi Malaysia. Komabe, odwalawa anenedwanso kuchokera kumadera ena a dziko lapansi.

Tangoganizirani, mabakiteriya awa adapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Mississippi, USA, mu 2022. Komanso, mu 2021, mabakiteriya awa adapezeka mu chinthu chomwe chidapangidwa mu aromatherapy spray, ndipo anthu angapo adayambitsa matendawa kuchokera pamenepo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mabakiteriya awa amapezeka m'malo osayembekezereka.

Ndani amene amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi Melioidosis?

M'madera omwe mabakiteriyawa amapezeka kwambiri, nthawi zambiri amakhudza akuluakulu omwe ali ndi matenda enaake, nthawi zambiri azaka zapakati pa 40 ndi 60. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, ana osakwana zaka 15 sakhudzidwa ndi matendawa kawirikawiri.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga melioidosis?

Muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa ngati mukukhala kapena kugwira ntchito m'dera lomwe mabakiteriya a B. pseudomallei amapezeka kwambiri, komanso ngati muli ndi matenda awa:

• Matenda a shuga : Ili ndi vuto lomwe anthu ambiri ali nalo.
• Matenda ogwiritsira ntchito mowa
• Matenda a impso osatha
• Matenda a m'mapapo osatha : Mwachitsanzo, `(Cystic fibrosis)` kapena `(COPD)`.
• Khansa kapena matenda ena omwe amafooketsa chitetezo chamthupi : Komabe, kachilombo ka HIV sikukuwoneka kuti kakuwonjezera chiopsezo cha melioidosis.
• Thalassemia

Komanso, m'madera omwe mabakiteriya otchedwa `B. pseudomallei` amapezeka kwambiriAnthu omwe amachita ntchito kapena zosangalatsa zomwe zimafuna kukhudzana ndi nthaka ndi madzi pamwamba nthawi zambiri, monga kulima minda, kukonza minda, ndi ulimi, nawonso ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Tangoganizirani, Amalume Kamal, omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga m'mudzi mwathu, amagwira ntchito m'minda, ndipo nthawi zambiri amalowa m'madzi amatope. Ayenera kusamala ndi mtundu uwu wa matenda.

Kodi zizindikiro za Melioidosis ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro zomwe mumakumana nazo zimasiyana malinga ndi komwe kachilombo kali m'thupi lanu. Mutha kukhala ndi zizindikiro m'mapapo anu, pakhungu, m'magazi, kapena m'malo angapo nthawi imodzi.

Zizindikiro za meloidosis ya mapapo (pulmonary melioidosis)

Ngati muli ndi matenda m'mapapo mwanu, mutha kuwona zizindikiro monga:

• Chifuwa
• Kuvuta kupuma (kupuma movutikira)
• Kupweteka pachifuwa
• Malungo
• Chilakolako cha chakudya
• Mutu

Zizindikiro za Melioidosis pakhungu lanu (lomwe lili m'dera lanu)

Ngati ndi matenda a pakhungu, mungaone zinthu monga:

• Mabala, zilonda, kapena mabala
• Ma lymph nodes otupa
• Malungo

Zizindikiro za Melioidosis m'magazi anu

Nthawi zina, pamodzi ndi zizindikiro za matenda pakhungu kapena m'mapapo, pakhoza kukhalanso zizindikiro za matenda m'magazi (septicemia). Izi zimatchedwanso poizoni m'magazi. Zizindikiro zake ndi izi:

• Malungo aakulu
• Kutopa/kutopa kwambiri
• Mutu
• Kuvuta kupuma/kupuma movutikira
• Kupweteka m'mimba
• Kupweteka kwa mafupa
• Kusintha kwa maganizo monga kusokonezeka maganizo ndi kuiwala zinthu

Zizindikiro za melioidosis yosatha (yofalikira)

Nthawi zina zizindikiro zimatha kukhala kwa miyezi iwiri kapena kuposerapo . Panthawiyi, mabakiteriya a B. pseudomallei amatha kufalikira mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi. Zizindikiro zake zingakhale monga:

• Chifuwa chosatha
• Malungo
• Kuchepetsa thupi
• Thukuta la usiku
• Kutsokomola magazi
• Kupweteka m'mimba kapena pachifuwa
• Kupweteka kwa minofu kapena mafupa
• Mutu
• Matenda a khunyu (khunyu)

Zizindikiro zimawonekera nthawi yayitali bwanji mutakumana ndi mabakiteriya?

Kwa anthu ambiri, zizindikiro zimawonekera mkati mwa sabata imodzi kapena zinayi kuchokera pamene mabakiteriya alowa m'thupi. Izi zimatchedwa nthawi yoberekera. Koma zodabwitsa, anthu ena amatha kukhala ndi zizindikiro miyezi ingapo, ngakhale zaka, atakhala m'thupi la mabakiteriya. Choncho zimakhala zovuta pang'ono.

Kodi chimayambitsa melioidosis ndi chiyani?

Choyambitsa izi, monga ndanenera kale, ndi bakiteriya yotchedwa `B. pseudomallei`. Imakhala m'madzi apamwamba (m'madamu, m'mitsinje, m'nyanja) ndi m'nthaka. Bakiteriya iyi imapezeka kwambiri m'madera otentha kapena m'madera otentha.

Kodi anthu amadwala bwanji matenda a melioidosis?

Mumapeza matendawa mwa kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi dothi kapena madzi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka `B. pseudomallei`. Pali njira zingapo zomwe mabakiteriyawa angalowere m'thupi mwanu:

• Kudzera mu bala pakhungu lanu, monga kudula kapena kukanda.
• Kupuma mpweya : Izi zikutanthauza kuti mabakiteriyawa amatha kulowa m'thupi lanu limodzi ndi fumbi m'nthaka.
• Kutulutsa madzi oipitsidwa m'mapapo : Izi zitha kuchitika mukamagwira ntchito m'madzi kapena mukamasamba.
• Mwa kumwa kapena kumwa madzi oipitsidwa.

Matenda a pseudomallei amapezeka kwambiri nthawi yamvula, makamaka mvula ikagwa kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi imeneyo mabakiteriya omwe ali m'nthaka amabwera pamwamba ndikulowa m'madzi.

Kodi Melioidosis imatha kufalikira kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina?

Vutoli ndi lomwe anthu ambiri ali nalo. Matenda a Melioidosis ndi osowa kwambiri kufalikira kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina. Njira yayikulu yopezera matendawa ndi kudzera mu kukhudzana ndi dothi kapena madzi oipitsidwa. Choncho musachite mantha mopanda chifukwa.

Kodi Melioidosis imapezedwa bwanji?

Dokotala wanu adzayamba wakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu, adzakuyesani, kenako adzakuyesani magazi anu kapena madzi ena amthupi kuti akakuyezeni. Angafunsenso za ntchito yanu, zosangalatsa zanu, kapena mbiri yanu yaposachedwa ya maulendo.

Zitsanzozo zimatumizidwa ku labu, komwe akatswiri adzayang'ana zitsanzo zanu kuti aone ngati pali mabakiteriya a B. pseudomallei komanso ngati pali ma antibodies olimbana nawo. Zitsanzo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira melioidosis ndi izi:

• Magazi
• Mkodzo
• Kutupa kwa mbolo
• Mafinya ochokera pachilonda

Kodi Melioidosis imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Madokotala amachiritsa matendawa ndi mitundu iwiri ya maantibayotiki m'magawo awiri. Uwu ndi mankhwala aatali pang'ono.

• Mu gawo loyamba (lamphamvu) : Mudzapatsidwa mankhwala opha maantibayotiki m'mitsempha (IV) kwa milungu iwiri kapena kuposerapo. Uwu ndi mankhwala omwe amafunika kugonekedwa kuchipatala.
• Mu gawo lachiwiri (lochotsa matenda) : Muyenera kumwa mankhwala opha maantibayotiki kwa miyezi itatu kapena kuposerapo.

Kutengera ndi kuopsa kwa vuto lanu, mungafunike chithandizo china, monga kutulutsa matuza ngati alipo.

Ndi maantibayotiki ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa melioidosis?

Pakati pa maantibayotiki operekedwa m'mitsempha (obayidwa) dokotala wanu angakulembeni:

• `Ceftazidime` `(Ceftazidime)`
• `Meropenem` `(Meropenem)`
• `Imipenem` `(Imipenem)`

Izi zitha kuperekedwa ngati maantibayotiki omwa:

• `Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole` `(Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole - TMP/SMX)`
• `Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid` `(Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid - co-amoxiclav)`

Chofunika kwambiri ndikumwa mankhwalawo nthawi yonse yomwe dokotala wakupatsani. Musasiye kumwa chifukwa choti mwamva bwino pang'ono.

Kodi tingadziteteze bwanji ku Melioidosis?

M'madera omwe mabakiteriya a B. pseudomallei amapezeka kwambiri, mutha kuchita izi kuti mudziteteze ku matendawa:

• Ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga kapena matenda a impso osatha , pewani kukhudzana ndi nthaka ndi madzi ouma momwe mungathere.
• Valani nsapato zosalowa madzi mukamayenda m'dothi lonyowa, m'madzi oima, kapena m'matope.
• Valani magolovesi mukamagwira ntchito m'munda kapena ndi dothi.
• Ngati muli ndi mabala kapena mikwingwirima pathupi lanu, iphimbeni ndi chophimba chosalowa madzi . Musalole dothi kapena madzi kulowa m'mabala, zomwe zingawaipitse.
• Sambani kapena tsukani bwino mukatha kugwira ntchito ndi dothi, madzi amatope, kapena kugwira ntchito panja.
• Valani chophimba nkhope chomwe chimaphimba mphuno ndi pakamwa panu mukadula udzu, kudula udzu, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opopera madzi amphamvu pansi.
• Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwina mwakumana ndi bakiteriya wotchedwa `B. pseudomallei`, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti mumwe mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (post-exposure prophylaxis) kuti mupewe melioidosis.

Kodi ndingayembekezere chiyani ngati nditadwala melioidosis?

Anthu ambiri omwe alibe matenda ena akuluakulu omwe amalandira chithandizo mwachangu amatha kuchira kwathunthu ku matendawa. Komabe, chithandizo chingafunike kupitilira kwa miyezi ingapo kuti mabakiteriya athetsedwe kwathunthu. Nthawi zina zizindikiro zimatha kubwereranso ngakhale chithandizo chitatha (kubwereranso). Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu.

Komabe, kwa iwo omwe ali ndi matenda enaake, kapena omwe sanathe kupeza chithandizo msanga, vutoli likhoza kukhala lovuta kwambiri.

Kodi Melioidosis ingachiritsidwe?

Inde, melioidosis imatha kuchiritsidwa ndi njira ziwiri zochizira maantibayotiki. Komabe, matenda ena amatha kuipiraipira mofulumira, ndipo chithandizo sichingakhale chopambana nthawi zonse. Chifukwa chake, kuzindikira msanga ndi chithandizo ndikofunikira kwambiri.

Kodi Melioidosis ikhoza kupha?

Ndi chithandizo chofulumira komanso choyenera, chiwerengero cha imfa chimakhala pakati pa 10% ndi 20% . Komabe, chiopsezo cha matenda aakulu ndi imfa chifukwa cha melioidosis chimawonjezeka ndi:

• Kaya muli ndi matenda ena oyambitsa kapena ayi.
• Kutha kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala chabwino.
• Ndi ziwalo ziti zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka?

Kodi ndimadzisamalira bwanji ngati munthu amene ali ndi Melioidosis?

Ngati mwapezeka ndi melioidosis, imwani mankhwala onse monga momwe dokotala wanu wanenera . Ngati musiya kumwa maantibayotiki msanga, mutha kudwalanso.

Onetsetsani kuti mwapita kwa dokotala masiku omwe mwapatsidwa kuti mukawone. Ngati zizindikiro zanu zatha kenako n’kubwereranso, kapena ngati zizindikiro zatsopano zayamba kuonekera, kapena ngati zizindikiro zanu zakula, dziwitsani dokotala wanu.

Mavuto a Melioidosis

Melioidosis imatha kufalikira m'malo ambiri a thupi lanu ndipo imayambitsa mavuto monga:

• Matenda a mafupa `(Osteomyelitis)`
• Matenda a mafupa `(Septic arthritis)`
• Kusonkhanitsa mafinya (matuza) pakhungu, mapapo, chiwindi, ndulu, ubongo, kapena ziwalo zina
• Matenda Ovuta Kwambiri Okhudza Kupuma (ARDS)
• Sepsis - Izi zitha kukhala zoopsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi liziyankha kwambiri matenda omwe amawononga ziwalo.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za melioidosis, makamaka ngati mukukhala kudera lomwe B. pseudomallei ndi yofala kapena mwangopita kumene, pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo . Chithandizo chachangu chimakupatsani mwayi wabwino kwambiri wochira mokwanira.

Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwina mwangokumana ndi kachilombo ka B. pseudomallei posachedwapa, pitani kwa dokotala. Iye akhoza kukupatsani mankhwala oteteza matendawo mukangokumana ndi kachilomboka kuti mupewe matendawa.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita ku Chipinda Chothandizira Anthu Odwala Mwadzidzidzi (ETU) liti?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zoopsa izi, pitani kuchipatala mwamsanga:

• Malungo aakulu (oposa 103 Fahrenheit/39.4 Celsius)
• Kupuma movutikira kapena movutikira kwambiri
• Kupweteka kwambiri m'mimba
• Kusokonezeka kapena kusintha kwina kwa maganizo
• Kupweteka pachifuwa
• Matenda a khunyu (khunyu)

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

Zingakhale zothandiza kufunsa dokotala wanu mafunso awa:

• Kodi ndiyenera kumwa mankhwala anga bwanji?
• Ndiyenera kubweranso liti kudzakuonaninso?
• Ndidzachira liti?
• Ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe ndiyenera kupita kuchipinda chodzidzimutsa?
• Kodi ndingachite chiyani kuti ndithetse zizindikiro zanga kunyumba?
• Kodi matendawa ndi opatsirana? (Tsopano ndikudziwa kuti izi sizichitika kawirikawiri, koma ndibwino kutsimikiza)

Pomaliza, zomwe muyenera kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Melioidosis ndi matenda omwe amafunika chisamaliro chapadera ndipo amatha kukhala ovuta kuwazindikira . Chifukwa zizindikiro zake zimatha kufanana ndi za matenda ena ofala komanso osaopsa kwenikweni. Ngati sachiritsidwa, akhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu.Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwina mwakhala mukudwala matenda a `B. pseudomallei`, kapena ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za melioidosis, kapena ngati muli m'gulu la anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chomwe chingakhale choopsa kwambiri, musazengereze kuonana ndi dokotala wanu ndikukambirana za nkhawa zanu . Kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yokhalira ndi thanzi labwino!

Melioidosis , Burkholderia pseudomallei, matenda a m'nthaka, matenda a m'madzi, matenda a bakiteriya, kupewa