Mukufuna kudziwa bwino lomwe matenda a Meningococcal? Tiyeni tikambirane za izi!

Pali matenda ena, omwe dzina lake limakupangitsani kukhala ndi mantha pang'ono, eti? Chabwino, lero tikambirana za matenda omwe ndi oopsa pang'ono, koma amatha kuthetsedwa ngati mutadziwa pasadakhale. Izi zimatchedwa matenda a meningococcal. Musadandaule, tiyeni tikambirane zonse momveka bwino.

Kodi Matenda a Meningococcal ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, matenda a meningococcal ndi matenda a bakiteriya . Amayambitsidwa ndi bakiteriya wotchedwa Neisseria meningitidis. Nthawi zina amatchedwa meningococcus. Bakiteriya iyi imatha kufalikira ku nembanemba zoteteza zomwe zimazungulira ubongo wathu ndi msana (zotchedwa meninges) ndi magazi . Matendawa ndi owopsa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zina amatha kukhala oopsa . Pamene meninges yatenga kachilombo motere, imatchedwa meningococcal meningitis, ndipo magazi akatenga kachilombo, imatchedwa meningococcal septicemia (monga poizoni m'magazi).

Pofotokoza mawu akuti 'meninges' pang'ono, amatanthauza Central Nervous System yathu, kutanthauza kuti, nembanemba zitatu zomwe zimazungulira ubongo wathu ndi msana. Monga nembanemba zofewa zomwe zimalekanitsa msana wa lalanje, izi zimatetezanso ubongo wathu ndi msana. Ndipotu, khungu lathu ndiye nembanemba yayikulu kwambiri yoteteza m'thupi lathu. Nembanemba zitatuzi ndi pia mater, arachnoid, ndi dura mater.

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa matenda a meningococcal ndi meningitis ndi kotani?

Tsopano mwina mukuganiza kuti, 'Ndiye, kodi matenda a meningococcal ndi meningitis ndi chinthu chimodzi?' Inde, pali kusiyana pang'ono. Matenda a meningococcal amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya omwe tawatchula kale, Neisseria meningitidis . Komabe, 'meningitis' ndi mawu wamba a matenda aliwonse omwe amayambitsa kutupa kwa nembanemba (meninges) kuzungulira ubongo . Chifukwa chake, meningitis imatha kuchitika mu matenda a meningococcal. Komabe, si meningitis yonse yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa matenda a meningococcal. Meningitis imathanso kuyamba chifukwa cha mavairasi ena, mabakiteriya, ndi bowa, eti?

Ndani amene amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi matenda a meningococcal?

Ngakhale aliyense atha kutenga matenda a meningococcal, anthu ena ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa. Tiyeni tiwone omwe ali:

• Malinga ndi zaka: Makanda osakwana chaka chimodzi, achinyamata (makamaka omwe ali pakati pa zaka 16-23), ndi achinyamata. Chiwopsezo chimakhala chachikulu kwambiri ngati magulu azaka awa akukumana ndi utsi wa fodya wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ena (kusuta fodya mopanda kusuta kapena kusuta fodya) .
• Maulendo akunja: Kwa iwo omwe akupita kumayiko ena komwe matenda a meningococcal ndi ofala.
• Matenda:
• Anthu omwe alibe ndulu kapena omwe ali ndi ndulu yowonongeka (ndulu ndi chiwalo chofunikira kwambiri mu chitetezo chathu cha mthupi).
• Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a sickle cell.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi zofooka zina m'thupi lawo, makamaka omwe ali ndi vuto ndi gawo la chitetezo chamthupi lotchedwa ``Complement.''
• Anthu omwe akumwa mankhwala otchedwa ``complement inhibitors`` (monga ``Eculizumab (Soliris®)`` ndi ``Ravulizumab (Ultomiris™)``) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda ena osowa.
• Moyo ndi chilengedwe:
• Kwa iwo amene amakhala m'malo omwe anthu ambiri amakhala pafupi, monga m'nyumba zogona za mayunivesite ndi m'misasa ya asilikali. Tangoganizani, pakakhala anthu angapo m'chipinda chimodzi, majeremusi amatha kufalikira mosavuta kudzera mu chifuwa kapena kuyetsemula, sichoncho?
• Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha matendawa panthawi ya mliri.
• Kwa iwo omwe amagwira ntchito ndi mabakiteriya awa m'ma laboratories ofufuza.

Kodi matendawa ndi ofala bwanji?

M'maiko ngati United States, chiwerengero cha milandu ya matendawa chachepa pang'onopang'ono kuyambira Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse. Mu 2019, milandu 371 yokha ndi yomwe inanenedwa kumeneko. Komabe, kufalikira pang'ono kumatha kuchitika nthawi ndi nthawi, makamaka pakati pa anthu okhala pafupi. Madokotala ku Sri Lanka nawonso akusamala za matendawa, chifukwa amatha kufalikira mwachangu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa zizindikiro zake.

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a meningococcal ndi ziti?

Pali zizindikiro zambiri za matendawa. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, muyenera kupita kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuzindikira matendawa mwachangu.

Zizindikiro zazikulu zingakhale:

• Ndikumva malungo kwambiri .
• Mutu wanga ukupweteka kwambiri .
• Khosi lolimba . Ichi ndi chizindikiro chofala chomwe chimagwirizana ndi matenda a meningococcal ndi meningitis. Zingamveke ngati simungathe kupindika khosi lanu patsogolo, ndipo zingakhale zopweteka mukayesa kuyika chibwano chanu pachifuwa panu.
• Zimakhala zovuta kuyang'ana kuwala kowala , ndipo maso amaoneka ngati abuluu. Izi zimatchedwanso ``Photophobia```.
• Kusanza, kusanza ndi/kapena kuvutika m'mimba komanso kutsegula m'mimba kungachitike.
• Pakhungu pamawoneka ziphuphu zomwe zimaoneka ngati madontho ang'onoang'ono ofiira kapena ofiirira . Izi sizimasintha mtundu wake akamapanikizika (ziphuphu zosawala). Nthawi zina zimatha kukhala zazikulu ndikuoneka ngati mabala. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chodziwikiratu komanso choopsa.

Kuwonjezera pa izi, zizindikiro zina zingasonyezedwenso:

• Chakudyacho sichikoma.
• Kumva kusokonezeka kapena kukwiya.
• Nthawi zonse ndimamva tulo ndipo zimandivuta kudzuka.
• Kupweteka kwa minofu ndi mafupa.
• Pali phokoso longa kukodola, kubuula.
• Zimakhala zovuta kuyenda kapena kuimirira molunjika.

Makanda aang'ono angasonyeze zizindikiro izi mosiyana. Mwachitsanzo:

• Sakufuna kumwa mkaka ndipo amasanza.
• Thupi limayamba kugwedezeka kapena kugwedezeka.
• Kutopa kwambiri, kuyesetsa kugona nthawi zonse, kudzuka movutikira.
• Kulira mokweza mawu (kulira mokweza mawu).
• Malo ofewa pamwamba pa mutu (fontanelle) amatha kutupa komanso kuuma.

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa matenda a meningococcal?

Monga tanenera kale, matenda a meningococcal amayamba chifukwa cha bakiteriya . Ndi matenda opatsirana . Amafalikira kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu kudzera mu mpweya wotuluka m'mphuno (madontho a ntchofu/madontho opumira) . Mwachidule, kachilomboka kamafalikira munthu amene ali ndi matendawa akamatsokomola, kuyetsemula, kapena kukhudzana kwambiri ndi munthu amene ali ndi matendawa (monga kudya m'mbale imodzi, kumwa chikho chimodzi, kupsompsona, ndi zina zotero).

Chofunika: Mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa matenda a meningococcal sangapulumuke kwa nthawi yayitali kunja kwa thupi. Chifukwa chake, sizingatheke kuti afalikire kuchokera pamalo monga matebulo ndi mipando. Komabe, ndi bwino kusamala ndi zinthu monga nsalu zopukutira ndi minofu zomwe wodwalayo wagwiritsa ntchito.

Kodi matenda a meningococcal amapezedwa bwanji?

Matenda a meningococcal nthawi zina amakhala ovuta kuwazindikira chifukwa zizindikiro zake zimatha kufanana ndi za matenda ena, monga chimfine kapena fuluwenza . Chifukwa chake, kuti atsimikizire matendawa, dokotala ayenera kupeza mabakiteriya otchedwa Neisseria meningitidis.

Choncho, nthawi zambiri dokotala amachita izi:

• Kuyezetsa magazi kumatengedwa ndikuyesedwa.
• Nthawi zina kuboola lumbar (Spinal Tap) kumachitika. Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga chitsanzo cha madzi ozungulira msana (cerebrospinal fluid - CSF) ndikuyesa. Izi zingawoneke zoopsa pang'ono, koma ndizofunikira kwambiri pozindikira matendawa. Izi zili choncho chifukwa zimatha kuwona mwachindunji ngati mabakiteriya alipo m'madziwo.

Zitsanzo zimenezi zimatumizidwa ku labotale kuti akaone ngati mabakiteriyawo angakulire (kulimidwa). Ngati mabakiteriyawo akukula, matendawa angatsimikizidwe. Ngati mayesowa sakumveka bwino, dokotalayo angalamule mayeso ena.

Kodi matenda a meningococcal amachiritsidwa bwanji?

Matenda a meningococcal amachiritsidwa ndi maantibayotiki . Ngati dokotala wanu akukayikira kuti muli ndi matendawa, angayambe kumwa maantibayotiki ngakhale asanatsimikizire kuti ali ndi matendawa. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyamba kulandira chithandizo mwachangu. Maantibayotiki amenewa nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa ngati maantibayotiki m'mitsempha, zomwe zingakuthandizeni kupeza zotsatira mwachangu.

Kuwonjezera pa maantibayotiki, mankhwala ena othandizira angafunike kutengera momwe wodwalayo alili. Mwachitsanzo:

• Ngati pali vuto lopuma, chithandizo cha okosijeni chingaperekedwe , mwinanso kulumikizidwa ndi chopumira mpweya.
• Ngati kuthamanga kwa magazi kuli kochepa, perekani mankhwala .
• Kulamulira kuchuluka kwa madzi m'thupi.
• Nthawi zina, ngati khungu lawonongeka ndipo minofu yafa, opaleshoni ingafunike kuti ichiritsidwe.

Mavuto okhudzana ndi matenda a meningococcal

Uwu ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri . Ngakhale atalandira chithandizo cha maantibayotiki, odwala 10 mpaka 15 mwa odwala 100 aliwonse amafa . Komanso, pafupifupi 20% ya omwe achira matendawa amatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo za nthawi yayitali . Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Kusamva
• Kutayika kwa ziwalo, makamaka ngati matenda a septicemia afika poipa kwambiri.
• Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha
• Kuwonongeka kwa impso
• Kuwonongeka kwa ubongo kungayambitse matenda monga kulephera kuphunzira, kulephera kukumbukira zinthu, komanso khunyu.
• Zilonda pakhungu.

Zingatenge nthawi kuti munthu achire bwino. Mankhwala opha tizilombo nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa kwa masiku 7 mpaka 10. Komabe, zingatenge nthawi kuti munthu achire bwino, makamaka ngati akukumana ndi mavuto.

Kodi mungachepetse bwanji chiopsezo chotenga matenda a meningococcal?

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe tingachite kuti tidziteteze ku matenda oopsawa.

1. Katemera

M'maiko ngati United States, pali mitundu iwiri ya katemera woteteza matenda a meningococcal. Ku Sri Lanka, mutha kupezanso upangiri wachipatala pankhaniyi. Ndikwabwino makamaka kwa iwo omwe ali m'magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu (monga makanda osakwana chaka chimodzi, achinyamata, anthu okhala m'zipinda zogona, ndi omwe ali ndi matenda ena) kulankhula ndi dokotala za katemerayu. Katemerayu akhoza kukhala wofunikira mukapita kumayiko ena.

2. Imwani Maantibayotiki Oteteza Kutupa Ngati Pakufunika Kutero

Ngati mukumwa mankhwala monga "choletsa chowonjezera" chomwe tatchula kale, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti mumwe mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti mupewe matenda a meningococcal pamene mukumwa mankhwala amenewo. Mankhwala "oletsa chowonjezera" amenewa nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa pa matenda osowa monga:

• `Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome` (Iyi ndi matenda okhudzana ndi magazi)
• Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (komanso matenda a magazi)
• Myasthenia gravis yodziwika bwino (izi zimayambitsa kufooka kwa minofu)

Komanso, ngati mukukhala ndi munthu amene ali ndi matenda a meningococcal kapena amene mwakhala mukukumana naye pafupi (monga m'banja lomwelo, m'kalasi lomwelo), dokotala wanu angakuuzeninso kuti mumwe mankhwala opha mabakiteriya ngati njira yopewera (mankhwala oletsa mabakiteriya / chemoprophylaxis) . Izi ndi kupha mabakiteriya ngati ali kale m'thupi lanu, kuwaletsa kuti asadwale matendawa, ndikukuletsani kufalikira kwa ena.

3. Yesetsani kupewa matenda ndi kupewa matenda

Kawirikawiri, pewani anthu odwala, makamaka omwe ali ndi malungo kapena chifuwa, ngati n'kotheka . Sambani m'manja nthawi zambiri komanso bwino ndi sopo ndi madzi., kwa masekondi osachepera 20. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala oyeretsera m'manja okhala ndi mowa ngati sopo ndi madzi sizikupezeka. Pewani kukhudza maso, mphuno, ndi pakamwa panu ndi manja osasamba. Phimbani pakamwa ndi mphuno yanu ndi nsalu kapena chigongono chanu mukamatsokomola kapena kuyetsemula. Ngakhale kuti izi ndi njira zodziwika bwino zaumoyo, zingakuthandizeninso kukutetezani ku matenda oopsa awa.

Kodi mungayembekezere chiyani ngati mutadwala matenda a meningococcal?

Matenda a meningococcal ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri . Angayambitse `Meningococcal Meningitis` kapena `Meningococcal Septicemia`. Akhozanso kupha . Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kupeza chithandizo mwachangu momwe mungathere .

Mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda angayambe kuperekedwa dokotala asanatsimikizire kuti muli ndi matenda a meningococcal, chifukwa chithandizo choyambirira chimawonjezera mwayi wochira kwathunthu.

Ngakhale mutalandira chithandizo, mavuto ena amatha kuchitika. Izi zingayambitse kuwonongeka kosatha kwa khungu kapena ziwalo zamkati. Kapena, zingayambitse mavuto kwakanthawi, monga kuvutika kuyang'ana kwambiri.

Chofunika kwambiri, mosiyana ndi matenda ena, matenda a meningococcal amatha kufalikira kangapo m'moyo wanu. Kukhala nawo kamodzi sikukupatsani chitetezo chamthupi kwa moyo wanu wonse. Ngati mwakhala nawo kangapo, dokotala wanu angafune kuyesa chitetezo chamthupi chanu.

Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi matenda a meningococcal kapena muli ndi zizindikiro?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda a meningococcal, kapena mukuganiza kuti muli nawo, muyenera kuwona dokotala nthawi yomweyo, mwamsanga. Izi ziyenera kuonedwa ngati zadzidzidzi.

Ngati mukukumana ndi zotsatirapo zilizonse zoyipa chifukwa cha chithandizocho, kapena ngati mukuona kuti zizindikiro zanu zikukulirakulira, uzani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo.

Ngakhale zizindikiro zina za matenda a meningococcal, monga kutentha thupi ndi kupweteka kwa thupi, zitha kufanana ndi matenda ena osaopsa kwambiri, ndikofunikira kuzindikira ndikuchiza matendawa mwachangu chifukwa amatha kukhala oopsa mwachangu. Ngati inu kapena mwana wanu muli ndi zizindikiro izi, makamaka khosi lolimba , kutentha thupi, ndi ziphuphu pakhungu , onetsetsani kuti mwawonana ndi dokotala. Kulandira katemera ndi chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri kuti mupewe izi.

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe tiyenera kukumbukira kuchokera munkhaniyi (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Chabwino, tsopano mwamvetsa bwino zomwe takhala tikulankhula, matenda a meningococcal. Kumbukirani:

• Matenda a Meningococcal ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri, omwe amafalikira mofulumira chifukwa cha mabakiteriya .
• Malungo, mutu waukulu, khosi lolimba , ndi mawanga ofiira/ofiirira pakhungu (makamaka mawanga omwe sasintha mtundu akamakanizidwa) ndi zizindikiro zazikulu zochenjeza. Ngati muwona izi , pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo .Nthawi ndi yofunika kwambiri.
• Kuzindikira msanga matendawa ndi kulandira mankhwala opha maantibayotiki n'kofunika kwambiri populumutsa miyoyo ndikuchepetsa mavuto omwe angakhalepo kwa nthawi yayitali.
• Katemera ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yodzitetezera ku matendawa, makamaka kwa iwo omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za izi.
• Ukhondo wa munthu (kusamba m'manja pafupipafupi, kuphimba pakamwa panu mukamatsokomola/kutsimula) komanso kupewa anthu odwala n'kofunika kwambiri.
• M'malo moopa matendawa, ndi bwino kudziwa bwino ndikuchitapo kanthu . Ngati inu kapena wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi mafunso okhudza izi, musazengereze kulankhula ndi dokotala.

Matenda a Meningococcal, Matenda a Meningococcal, Matenda a Bakiteriya, Meningitis, Zizindikiro, Katemera, Maantibayotiki, Neisseria meningitidis