Tiyeni tiphunzire zambiri zokhudza kachilombo ka Nipah. Musachite mantha, tiyeni tikambirane!

Mwina mwamvapo mawu atsopanowa m'nkhani masiku ano otchedwa 'Nipah Virus'. Ena mwina adachita mantha. Kodi Nipah ndi chiyani kwenikweni? Kodi akutikhudza bwanji ife? Kodi adzakhudzanso Sri Lanka? Tiyeni tikambirane zonsezi mwatsatanetsatane, mwachidule. Palibe chifukwa choopera, chofunika kwambiri ndikudziwa.

Kodi Nipah Virus ndi chiyani? Mwachidule...

Kachilombo ka Nipah ndi kachilombo komwe kamafalikira kuchokera ku nyama kupita kwa anthu . M'mawu azachipatala, timatcha "Zoonotic Virus". Kachilomboka kamafalikira makamaka ndi mileme ya zipatso (ena amawatchanso kuti 'nkhandwe zouluka'). Komabe, kamafalikiranso ndi nyama zina monga nkhumba, mbuzi, akavalo, agalu, ndi amphaka.

Taganizirani izi motere, kachilomboka kali ngati munthu wozembera. Kali ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zoyendera kuchokera kumalo ena kupita kwina.

Kodi kachilombo ka Nipah kamafalikira bwanji?

Pali njira zitatu zazikulu zomwe izi zimafalitsira. Tiyeni tikambirane momveka bwino za izi.

1. Kukhudza madzi a m'thupi la nyama yomwe ili ndi kachilomboka:

Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati magazi, ndowe, kapena malovu a nyama yomwe ili ndi kachilomboka alowa m'thupi la munthu wathanzi, kachilomboka kangalowe m'thupi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati munthu amene amagwira ntchito limodzi ndi nkhumba yomwe ili ndi kachilomboka akhudza mkodzo kapena malovu a nyamayo ndipo sakusamba m'manja bwino, akhoza kutenga kachilomboka.

2. Ngati mudya chakudya chodetsedwa ndi nyama yodwala:

Tangoganizirani, ngati mleme wokhala ndi kachilomboka wadya chipatso ndikuchigwetsa pansi, kapena ngati china chake chonga mkodzo wake chagwera pa chipatso, ndipo chipatsocho chikadyedwa osatsukidwa bwino, kachilomboka kakhoza kufalikira. Makamaka, akuti munthu ayenera kusamala ndi madzi a kanjedza osaphika ndi zipatso zochokera kumitengo komwe mileme imakhala.

3. Kukhudzana kwambiri ndi munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka Nipah:

Umu ndi momwe imafalikira kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina . Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika kwa iwo omwe akusamalira wodwalayo. Chifukwa kachilomboka kangathe kufalikira kwa ena kudzera mu zinthu monga malovu ndi madontho a wodwalayo chifukwa chothimula. Ichi ndichifukwa chake zovala zapadera zodzitetezera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zipatala.

Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti imatha kufalikiranso kudzera mumlengalenga kudzera mu madontho omwe amatuluka munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka Nipah akatsokomola kapena kuyetsemula . Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati tili pafupi nawo nthawi ngati zimenezi, madontho amenewo amatha kulowa m'thupi lathu ndikuyambitsa matendawa.

Kodi kachilombo ka Nipah kamapezeka kuti kwambiri?

Kachilombo ka Nipah kamapezeka kwambiri m'maiko aku Asia, ndipo milandu ya kachilomboka imanenedwa pafupifupi chaka chilichonse, makamaka ku Bangladesh ndi India .

Kachilomboka kanapezeka koyamba mu 1999 pa mliri waukulu ku Malaysia ndi Singapore . Panthawiyo, anthu opitilira 100 anamwalira ndipo nkhumba zikwizikwi zinaphedwa. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, pali milandu ina pafupifupi 20 yomwe yanenedwa.

Chifukwa chake, ngati mukupita kumayiko monga Bangladesh, Malaysia, Singapore, ndi India, muyenera kusamala kwambiri ndi izi. Kupatula mayiko awa, palinso mitundu ya mileme yomwe imafalitsa kachilomboka m'maiko ngati Cambodia, Indonesia, Madagascar, Philippines, ndi Thailand, kotero pakhoza kukhala chiopsezo m'maiko amenewo. Ngakhale kuti palibe munthu wotsimikizika kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka Nipah ku Sri Lanka, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti tonsefe tidziwe izi.

Kodi zizindikiro za kachilombo ka Nipah ndi ziti?

Munthu akatenga kachilombo ka Nipah, zimatenga masiku 4 mpaka 14 kuti zizindikiro ziwonekere. Nthawi zina nthawi imeneyi imatha kukhala yayitali kapena yochepa.

Zizindikiro zoyamba zomwe zingawonekere ndi izi:

• Malungo
• Mutu waukulu
• Kuvuta kupuma
• Chifuwa ndi pakhosi lopweteka
• Kutsegula m'mimba
• Kusanza
• Kupweteka kwa thupi ndi kutopa kwambiri

Kawirikawiri, kutentha thupi ndi mutu zimayamba. Kenako, zizindikiro za kupuma monga chifuwa ndi kuvutika kupuma zimawonekera.

Zizindikiro zoopsa kwambiri ndi zomwe zingachitike ngati matendawa afika poipa kwambiri . Izi zingayambitse matenda muubongo (encephalitis) . Izi ndi zoopsa kwambiri.

Zizindikiro zina zoopsa:

• Kusokonezeka ndi kuiwala zinthu
• Kulankhula molakwika (monga chibwibwi)
• Kugwidwa ndi khunyu
• Chikomokere
• Kupuma movutikira kwambiri

Ofufuza sakudziwabe chifukwa chake anthu ena amadwala matendawa pang'onopang'ono kenako n'kuchira, pomwe ena amachira kwambiri. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, anthu ena amatha kukhala ndi kachilomboka koma osawonetsa zizindikiro zilizonse .

Kodi kachilombo ka Nipah ndi koopsa bwanji kwa anthu?

Ndipotu, kachilombo ka Nipah ndi kachilombo komwe kangathe kupha anthu. Malinga ndi US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US CDC), pakati pa 40% ndi 75% ya anthu omwe amatenga matendawa amatha kufa . Chiwerengerochi chimasiyana malinga ndi dziko, komanso zimatengera momwe akuluakulu azaumoyo alili okonzeka kuwongolera kufalikira kwa matendawa.

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa kachilombo ka Nipah?

Monga tanenera kale, kachilomboka kamachokera ku nyama. Anthu oyamba omwe adanenedwa kuti ali ndi kachilomboka anali anthu omwe adakumana ndi nkhumba zomwe zadwala matendawa. Pambuyo pake zidapezeka kuti gwero loyambirira la matendawa linali mileme, ndipo milemeyo ndi yomwe idapatsira matendawa ku nkhumba.

Mwachidule, ngati mleme kapena nkhumba yomwe ili ndi kachilomboka ilola madzi ake amthupi (malovu, mkodzo, ndowe, magazi) kukhudzana ndi nyama ina, nyamayo imatenganso kachilomboka. Izi zimachitikanso kwa anthu. Munthu akakhala ndi kachilomboka, amatha kupatsira munthu wina kudzera m'madzi ake amthupi.

Amanenedwanso kuti imafalikira kudzera mu chakudya ndi zakumwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, imatha kufalikira podya zipatso zomwe nyama zimadya monga mileme, kapena podya zipatso zomwe zagwera pa iwo, monga mkodzo wawo ndi malovu awo, ndi madzi a zipatso za zipatso. Anthu omwe nthawi zambiri amakwera mitengo komwe mileme imagona nawonso ali ndi kachilomboka.

Kodi kachilombo ka Nipah kamafalikira mofulumira bwanji?

Inde, kachilombo ka Nipah ndi matenda opatsirana . Kafalikira kudzera m'madzi amthupi monga malovu, ndowe, ndi magazi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati mukusamalira munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka Nipah, mutha kukatenga munthuyo akamatsokomola kapena kuyetsemula.

Kodi zinthu zoopsa ndi ziti?

Chiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilomboka ndi kukhudzana ndi mileme, nkhumba, ndi anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka m'madera omwe kachilombo ka Nipah kali kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupewa ziweto zodwala momwe mungathere. Kumwa madzi a zipatso zosaphika ndi kudya zipatso zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi mileme ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa.

Kodi ndi mavuto otani omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kachilombo ka Nipah?

Anthu ena akhoza kukhala ndi mavuto kwa nthawi yayitali akachira. Mwachitsanzo , khunyu limatha kupitirira ndipo kusintha kwa umunthu kungayambe. Kwa anthu ochepa kwambiri, zizindikiro sizingawonekere kwa miyezi kapena zaka zambiri atatenga kachilomboka. Izi zili choncho chifukwa kachilomboka kamakhalabe m'thupi. Anthu omwe achira matenda a encephalitis amatha kubwereranso.

Kodi kachilombo ka Nipah kamapezeka bwanji? `(Kuzindikira)`

Dokotala angaganize kuti kachilombo ka Nipah kalipo mwa kuyang'ana zizindikiro zanu ndikufunsa ngati mwapita posachedwa kumadera omwe kachilomboka kali. Poyamba matendawa, mayeso a `RT-PCR` (Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction) angagwiritsidwe ntchito kutsimikizira kupezeka kwa kachilombo ka Nipah. Mayesowa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito izi:

• Mapiritsi a mphuno kapena pakhosi
• Madzi a m'mphuno (CSF)
• Zitsanzo za mkodzo
• Zitsanzo za magazi

Matendawa amatha kupezeka kumapeto kwa matendawa kapena atachira poyesa ma antibodies enaake m'magazi mwanu. Izi zimatchedwa mayeso a ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) .

Kodi kachilombo ka Nipah kamachiritsidwa bwanji ?

Mwatsoka, palibe mankhwala enieni oletsa mavairasi omwe apezeka a kachilombo ka Nipah. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chithandizo chimangokhala pa kuchepetsa zizindikiro . Izi zitha kuphatikizapo:

• Kumwa madzi ambiri.
• Kupumula bwino.
• Kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa ululu monga Paracetamol kapena Ibuprofen kuti muchepetse kutentha thupi.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochizira nseru ndi kusanza.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito ma inhaler kapena nebulizers pa vuto la kupuma.
• Ngati muli ndi khunyu, imwani mankhwala oletsa khunyu.

Ofufuza akufufuza ngati chithandizo chotchedwa `Monoclonal Antibody Treatment` chingagwiritsidwe ntchito polimbana ndi kachilombo ka Nipah, koma chikadali mu gawo lofufuza.

Kodi pali mankhwala ochizira kachilombo ka Nipah?

Ayi, palibe katemera kapena mankhwala enaake omwe angachiritse kachilombo ka Nipah kwathunthu.

Kodi mungapulumuke ngati mutatenga kachilombo ka Nipah?

Inde, pali anthu omwe amachira ku kachilombo ka Nipah. Koma, monga tanenera kale, pakati pa 40% ndi 75% ya omwe amadwala matendawa amafa . Izi ndi zoopsa kwambiri. Zizindikiro zake zimatha kuyambira kutentha thupi pang'ono komanso mutu, mpaka matenda a muubongo komanso imfa.

Kodi timatetezedwa bwanji ku kachilombo ka Nipah? (Kupewa)

Ichi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri. Ngati mukukhala m'dera lomwe lili ndi kachilombo ka Nipah, kapena mukupita ku dera lomwelo, ndikofunikira kutsatira njira izi zodzitetezera:

• Sambani m'manja mwanu bwino: Pakani sopo ndikupukuta m'manja mwanu kwa masekondi osachepera 20.
• Pewani nkhumba ndi mileme yodwala.
• Sungani malo odyetsera nkhumba aukhondo komanso ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Patulani nthawi yomweyo ndipo patulani ziweto zomwe zikuganiziridwa kuti zili ndi kachilomboka.
• Pewani kuyendayenda pafupi ndi mitengo ndi tchire kumene mileme imagona.
• Pewani kudya zakudya zomwe zingakhale ndi poizoni, makamaka madzi a zipatso zosaphika, zipatso zomwe zadyedwa ndi mileme, kapena zipatso zomwe zadetsedwa ndi ndowe za mileme.
• Ngati mukuwonjezera madzi a tende, onetsetsani kuti mwatenthetsa bwino musanagwiritse ntchito.
• Tsukani zipatso zonse bwino musanadye, chotsani khungu, kenako idyani.
• Chotsani zipatso zomwe mileme yadya ndi zipatso zomwe zagwa pansi.
• Pewani kukhudzana ndi malovu, magazi, ndi madzi ena amthupi a munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka.

Njira zopewera matenda ndi njira ina yothandizira kupewa kufalikira kwa kachilombo ka Nipah. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukusamalira munthu amene akuganiziridwa kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka Nipah, nthawi zonse muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito Zipangizo Zodzitetezera (PPE) .

`PPE` ikuphatikizapo:

• Magalasi apadera omwe angateteze ku madzi amthupi (odzipatula kapena ophimba thupi lonse).
• Magolovesi azachipatala.
• Zoteteza maso (monga magalasi oteteza kapena magalasi a maso)
• Zophimba nkhope zachipatala kapena za opaleshoni. Mtundu wa zophimba nkhope zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ungasiyane malinga ndi kuopsa kwa mliriwu.

Ogwira ntchito zachipatala m'zipatala ndi m'malo azaumoyo ayenera kutsatira njira zodzitetezera ku matenda. Ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda oyenera kuyeretsa ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pamalo onse.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za kachilombo ka Nipah (monga kutentha thupi, mutu, kupuma movutikira), makamaka ngati mwangopita kumene kudziko lomwe lili ndi kachilombo ka Nipah, kapena ngati mwasamalira munthu/nyama yomwe ili ndi kachilomboka, pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo. Ngakhale kuti palibe chithandizo chapadera cha izi, ndikofunikira kudziwa ngati muli ndi kachilomboka kuti kasafalikire kwa ena.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Kachilombo ka Nipah ndi kachilombo komwe kangakhale koopsa kwambiri, komwe kamafalikira makamaka kuchokera ku mileme ndi nkhumba.

Chofunika kwambiri ndi kukhala odziwa bwino komanso otetezeka, m'malo moopa.

• Njira yabwino yopewera izi ndi kupewa ziweto zodwala , makamaka m'madera omwe matenda amafalikira.
• Komanso, pewani zakudya ndi zakumwa zomwe zingakhale ndi kachilombo (makamaka zipatso ndi madzi a zipatso zosaphika ochokera kumadera omwe mileme imakhala).
• Popeza imatha kufalikira kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina, samalani kwambiri mukamayandikira munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka ndipo tsatirani njira zodzitetezera zofunika.
• Ngati mwapita posachedwa kudera lomwe lili ndi kachilombo ka Nipah ndipo mukuyamba kukhala ndi zizindikiro monga kutentha thupi, mutu, komanso kupuma movutikira, funsani upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo .

Ngati tonse titadziwa zinthu izi ndikutsatira njira zoyenera zodzitetezera, tikhoza kudziteteza ku mitundu iyi ya mavairasi. Ngati muli ndi mafunso ena, musazengereze kulankhula ndi dokotala.

Kachilombo ka Nipah , mileme, nkhumba, matenda a ziweto, matenda opatsirana, matenda opatsirana, zizindikiro, kupewa