Nocardiosis: Kodi mukudziwa za mabakiteriya awa omwe ali m'nthaka?

Kodi munayamba mwaganizapo kuti pali mabakiteriya omwe angatidwalitse m'nthaka yomwe timaigwira tsiku lililonse? Mungadabwe kumva izi. Lero tikambirana za matenda omwe sitinamvepo kwa nthawi yayitali, koma ndi ofunika kwambiri kuti aliyense adziwe za matendawa. Izi zimatchedwa Nocardiosis mu sayansi ya zamankhwala. Uwu ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya. Musadandaule, tikambirana za izi mwatsatanetsatane komanso mosavuta.

Kodi Nocardiosis ndi chiyani? Mwachidule...

Nocardiosis ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha bakiteriya wotchedwa Nocardia. Bakiteriya imeneyi imapezeka kwambiri m'nthaka yotizungulira, m'zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zikuwola, komanso m'fumbi. Taganizirani ngati dothi lomwe lili m'mabwalo athu.

Matendawa amakhudza kwambiri mapapo athu, khungu, ndipo nthawi zina ubongo. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amapezeka tikamapuma fumbi lokhala ndi mabakiteriyawa, kapena pamene mabakiteriyawa alowa m'thupi kudzera pachilonda pakhungu.

Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti nocardiosis si matenda ofala kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti si matenda omwe aliyense amakumana nawo mosavuta. Komabe, ngati achitika, makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka, nthawi zina amatha kupha. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa izi.

Kodi matendawa ndi ofala bwanji?

Matenda a mtima (Nocardiosis) ndi matenda osowa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, m'dziko ngati America, milandu 500 mpaka 1000 yokha ndi yomwe imanenedwa pachaka. Komabe, m'milandu ina yapadera, chiopsezo chimakhala chachikulu. Mwachitsanzo, zapezeka kuti pakati pa 1% ndi 4% ya anthu omwe adaikidwa mtima kapena kuikidwa mapapo ali pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda a mtima. Milandu yotereyi nthawi zina imanenedwanso ku Sri Lanka, makamaka kwa iwo omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka.

Kodi zizindikiro za Nocardiosis ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za matendawa zimasiyana malinga ndi komwe kachilomboka kali m'thupi. Tiyeni tiwone zizindikiro zazikulu zomwe zimawoneka.

Zokhudzana ndi mapapo (izi ndizofala kwambiri):

• Chifuwa (nthawi zina chimakhala ndi phlegm)
• Kupweteka pachifuwa
• Kupuma movutikira (kuvutika kupuma ngakhale mutachita khama pang'ono)
• Malungo
• Kuchepetsa thupi popanda chifukwa
• Thukuta la usiku
• Kutopa kwambiri (uku ndi kumva kutopa komwe kumawonjezeka tsiku ndi tsiku)

Zokhudzana ndi khungu:

• Zilonda kapena zilonda pakhungu
• Ziphuphu (tiziphuphu) pansi pa khungu - Izi zitha kuoneka zofiira, zofiirira, kapena zakuda kuposa khungu lozungulira. Nthawi zina zimatha kupweteka.

Kodi matenda a khungu a Nocardia amawoneka bwanji?

Tangoganizirani kuti muli ndi bala laling'ono pakhungu lanu ndipo mwapeza dothi. Ngati bakiteriya wa Nocardia akalowa mmenemo, amafiira, kutupa, ndipo mwina matuza, ndipo mafinya amatuluka. Nthawi zina amatha kupanga chipolopolo. Kwa anthu ena, izi zingakhale zopweteka.

Ngati matendawa afalikira ku ubongo (imeneyi ndi vuto lalikulu):

• Mutu (mutu wopweteka kwambiri komanso wopitirira)
• Kusanza ndi kusanza
• Mkhalidwe wopanda moyo
• Kusokonezeka (kutaya mwadzidzidzi chidziwitso, kusokonezeka)
• Zizindikiro za khunyu (kukomoka)

Ngati muli ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikirozi, makamaka ngati chitetezo cha mthupi chanu chili chofooka, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupeza upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa Nocardiosis?

Mwachidule, chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa ndi bakiteriya wotchedwa Nocardia. Bakiteriya imeneyi imapezeka m'nthaka m'madera ambiri padziko lapansi.

Kodi mabakiteriya amenewa amalowa bwanji m'thupi mwathu?

Pali njira zitatu zazikulu:

1. Mwa kupuma mabakiteriya omwe amapezeka m'nthaka kapena fumbi: Tikakhala pamalo odzaza fumbi, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili ndi mabakiteriyawa timatha kulowa m'mapapo mwathu.

2. Mabakiteriya olowa kudzera mu bala kapena chilonda pakhungu: Tangoganizirani kuti mukugwira ntchito m'munda ndipo muli ndi munga m'dzanja lanu kapena chilonda chaching'ono. Mabakiteriyawo amatha kulowa m'thupi kudzera m'nthaka kuchokera ku balalo. Zitha kuchitikanso ngati madzi odetsedwa kapena dothi litalowa pa bala lomwe lilipo kale.

3. Kudzera mu zipangizo zachipatala zodetsedwa panthawi ya opaleshoni (izi sizichitika kawirikawiri): Izi sizichitika kawirikawiri, chifukwa zipangizo zomwe zili m'zipatala zimakhala zoyera kwambiri.

Kodi matendawa ndi opatsirana?

Ayi. Nocardiosis si matenda omwe amatha kufalikira kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina. Izi zikutanthauza kuti simungawatenge polankhula, kugwirana chanza, kapena kukhala pafupi ndi munthu amene ali ndi matendawa.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga Nocardiosis?

Kawirikawiri, munthu amene ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chathanzi sadwala kawirikawiri chifukwa cha mabakiteriya a Nocardia, ngakhale atawapumira kapena kuwagwira pakhungu. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chitetezo cha thupi lathu chimalimbana ndi kuwononga mabakiteriyawa.

Komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa. Chitetezo chamthupi chofooka chimatanthauza kuti mphamvu ya thupi yolimbana ndi majeremusi omwe amayambitsa matenda imachepa.

Zinthu zazikulu zomwe chiopsezo chingakule ndi izi:

• Anthu omwe adasamutsidwa ziwalo zazikulu: Makamaka omwe adasamutsidwa ziwalo zolimba (solid organ transplant).
• Anthu omwe adasamutsidwapo maselo oyambira: makamaka omwe adatengedwapo maselo oyambira kuchokera kwa wina (kusamutsidwa kwa maselo oyambira a allogenic).
• Anthu omwe akudwala khansa(Makamaka pamene akulandira chithandizo cha khansa).
• Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda odziteteza okha kapena omwe akumwa mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi (mankhwala omwe amachepetsa mphamvu ya thupi lathu yolimbana ndi matenda).
• Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a m'mapapo osatha, mwachitsanzo, matenda monga `COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)`.

Kodi ndi mavuto ati omwe angayambitse Nocardiosis?

Monga tanenera kale, izi zitha kukhala zoopsa ngati sizikuthandizidwa bwino. Zina mwa zovuta zomwe zingachitike ndi izi:

• Matendawa amafalikira kuchokera m'mapapo kupita ku ziwalo zina za thupi: mwachitsanzo, ku ubongo, magazi, khungu, maso, impso, mafupa, kapena minofu.
• Chibayo: Matenda a m'mapapo.
• Chifuwa cha m'mapapo: Kusonkhanitsa mafinya mkati mwa mapapo omwe amapanga chotupa.
• Sepsis: Ichi ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha moyo komanso kuyankha mopitirira muyeso kwa thupi ku matenda.
• Kulephera kupuma: Kulephera kupuma bwino.
• Kulephera kwa ziwalo: Kulephera kwa ziwalo zofunika kwambiri m'thupi.

Mavuto amenewa sachitika kwa aliyense, koma anthu omwe ali m'magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu ayenera kusamala kwambiri.

Kodi matenda a mtima otchedwa Nocardiosis amawapeza bwanji?

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito mayeso osiyanasiyana kuti atsimikizire matendawa. Chofunika kwambiri ndikuyang'ana mabakiteriya a Nocardia m'zitsanzo zomwe zatengedwa m'thupi. Pali njira zingapo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi:

• Kufufuza zilonda za pakhungu: Ngati pali zilonda pakhungu, chidutswa chaching'ono cha minofu chimatengedwa ndikuyang'aniridwa pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu, kapena mabakiteriya amakula (amakula).
• Zitsanzo za makoswe: Ngati pali zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi matenda a m'mapapo, anthu adzayesedwa makoswe awo.
• Kutsuka mapapo pogwiritsa ntchito chubu chokhala ndi kamera kakang'ono m'mapapo ndikutenga chitsanzo cha madzi kuchokera pamenepo kuti akafufuze.
• Kufufuza matenda a ubongo: Ngati matendawa afalikira ku ubongo ndipo thumba layamba, chitsanzo chimatengedwa kuchokera pamenepo.
• Kuyeza kwa PCR: Iyi ndi njira yatsopano yomwe imatha kuzindikira zinthu za majini kuchokera ku mabakiteriya ndikutsimikizira matenda.

Kuphatikiza apo, X-ray ya pachifuwa kapena CT scan ingachitike kuti aone ngati pali matenda m'mapapo.Mungathe kuchita zimenezo.

Kodi Nocardiosis ingachiritsidwe?

Inde, uwu ndi matenda ochiritsika, koma amafunika kudziwidwa msanga ndikuchiritsidwa bwino.

Chithandizo chachikulu ndi maantibayotiki . Dokotala akhoza kukupatsani maantibayotiki amodzi kapena angapo kutengera kuopsa kwa matendawa komanso mtundu wa mabakiteriya.

Chofunika kwambiri ndikumwa maantibayotiki awa nthawi yonse ya chithandizo, monga momwe dokotala wanu wanenera. Nthawi zambiri, muyenera kumwa mankhwalawa kwa nthawi yayitali, pafupifupi miyezi 6 mpaka 12. Anthu ena, makamaka omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka kwambiri, angafunike kumwa mankhwalawa kwa chaka choposa chimodzi. Ngakhale zizindikiro zanu zitachepa, musasiye kumwa mankhwalawa mpaka dokotala wanu atakuuzani kuti mutero. Kupanda kutero, ngati musiya pakati, matendawa angabwererenso.

Nthawi zina, ngati vuto la kupuma ndi lalikulu, mpweya wowonjezera ungaperekedwe kapena chopumira chingalumikizidwe . Ngati mukudwala kwambiri, mungafunike kukhala kuchipatala kuti mukalandire chithandizo.

Kanthu kena kokhudza chiwerengero cha imfa ...

Izi zitha kumveka zoopsa, koma ndikofunikira kudziwa. Kafukufuku wina akusonyeza kuti chiwerengero cha imfa chifukwa cha nocardiosis chili pakati pa 15% ndi 40% . Nthawi zina (monga anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka kwambiri, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a muubongo), chiwerengerochi chikhoza kukhala chokwera kwambiri. Komabe, izi zimadalira zinthu zambiri, monga kuopsa kwa matendawa, kukula kwa matendawa, ndi chitetezo chamthupi cha wodwalayo. Chifukwa chake, kuzindikira msanga ndi chithandizo ndikofunikira.

Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zilizonse zomwe mukuganiza kuti zingakhale zizindikiro za nocardiosis, pitani kwa dokotala mwamsanga. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri ngati muli m'gulu la anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chotchulidwa pamwambapa (monga olandira ziwalo zina, oletsa chitetezo chamthupi, kapena odwala matenda a shuga).

Mafunso ena omwe mungafunse dokotala wanu:

• Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe ndingachite tsiku lililonse kuti ndidzisamalire?
• Ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe ndiyenera kuyang'anitsitsa?
• Kodi muyenera kupita ku chipinda chodzidzimutsa liti?
• Kodi ndiyenera kubweranso liti kuti ndikaonenso matenda ena?
• Kodi ndingagwiritse ntchito bwanji mankhwalawa molondola?

Kodi muyenera kupita ku Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) liti?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zazikulu zotsatirazi, pitani kuchipatala mwamsanga:

• Kupweteka kwambiri pachifuwa
• Kuvuta kwambiri kupuma
• Kusokonezeka kapena kutaya chidziwitso
• Zizindikiro za khunyu (kukomoka)
• Chilonda chomwe sichichira ndipo chimakula kwambiri
• Matuza akuluakulu kapena matuza omwe amawoneka ofiira, abulauni, obiriwira, kapena akuda pakhungu
• Madzi onunkhira bwino amatuluka m'matuza

Kodi mungadziteteze bwanji ku Nocardiosis?

Ngakhale sitingathe kupewa izi kotheratu, pali zinthu zomwe tingachite kuti tichepetse chiopsezochi:

• Ngati mumagwira ntchito ndi dothi kapena fumbi (monga kulima dimba, ulimi), valani magolovesi ndi chigoba. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka.
• Valani zovala zophimba khungu momwe mungathere kuti mupewe mabala kapena kuvulala, makamaka mukamagwira ntchito panja.
• Sungani mabala aliwonse kapena mabala otseguka pakhungu oyera ndipo muwaphimbe (pakani mankhwala ndi bandeji).
• Sambani m'manja nthawi zambiri, makamaka mukachoka panja kapena mukagwira ntchito ndi dothi.
• Ngati bala lalowa, lichiritseni nthawi yomweyo. Litsukeni bwino ndi sopo ndi madzi, ndipo liphimbeni. Ngati balalo ndi lozama kwambiri, ngati magazi sakutuluka, kapena ngati dothi kapena zinyalala zina zalowa mkati mwa bala ndipo sizingachotsedwe, funsani upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Kwa odwala opatsirana ziwalo zina, madokotala nthawi zina amalemba mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pasadakhale kuti apewe matenda amtunduwu. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za izi.

Pomaliza, zomwe muyenera kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Matenda a mtima otchedwa Nocardiosis ndi matenda obwera chifukwa cha bakiteriya omwe nthawi zina amapha. Ndikofunikira kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za njira yabwino kwambiri yodzitetezera ku matendawa, makamaka ngati chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chili chofooka kapena mukufuna kuikidwa chiwalo china.

Komanso, ngati zizindikiro zikuwonekera, khalani okonzeka kuzizindikira msanga ndikupempha chithandizo mwamsanga. Kuzindikira msanga, kumakhala kosavuta kuti chithandizo chipambane. Tisachite mantha, dziwani, ndipo yesetsani kukhala ndi thanzi labwino!

Nocardiosis , Matenda a bakiteriya, Matenda obwera chifukwa cha nthaka, Immunology, Matenda a pakhungu, Matenda a m'mapapo