Zimene muyenera kudziwa zokhudza matenda a ubongo omwe si a khansa

Tikamva mawu akuti "chotupa cha muubongo," ambiri a ife timachita mantha nthawi yomweyo, sichoncho? Koma chofunika kwambiri chomwe muyenera kudziwa ndichakuti si zotupa zonse zomwe zimakula muubongo zomwe ndi khansa. Palinso mitundu ya zotupa zomwe sizili khansa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sizifalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi, koma zimatha kukula ndikuyambitsa zizindikiro zina. Madokotala amatcha izi 'zotupa zoyipa'. Chifukwa chake lero, tiyeni tikambirane za zotupa za muubongo zomwe sizili khansa.

Mtundu wofala kwambiri wa meningioma ndi

Uwu ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa khansa ya muubongo. Umakhala pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a khansa yonse ya muubongo. Umapezeka m'maselo oteteza ubongo ndi msana, otchedwa meninges.

Azimayi ali ndi mwayi wowirikiza kawiri wodwala matendawa poyerekeza ndi amuna. Zinthu zotsatirazi zingawonjezere chiopsezo cha matendawa:

• Kukhudzidwa ndi kuwala kwamphamvu kwambiri.
• Ngati muli ndi matenda obadwa nawo monga `(Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1))` kapena `(type 2 (NF2))`.

Kawirikawiri, zotupa zimenezi sizisonyeza zizindikiro mpaka zitakula. Pamene chotupacho chikukulirakulira, zizindikiro monga:

• Mutu
• Kugwidwa ndi khunyu
• Kusanza kapena kusanza
• Kusintha kwa umunthu ndi kusokonezeka maganizo
• Mavuto a masomphenya
• Kuvuta kulankhula
• Kutaya kumva kapena kulira m'makutu
• Kufooka kwa minofu

Schwannoma (chotupa cha mitsempha)

Matumbo amenewa amatchedwa dzina la mtundu wa selo limene amatuluka: maselo a Schwann, omwe amazungulira maselo a mitsempha.

Mtundu wofala kwambiri wamtunduwu umatchedwa vestibular schwannoma. Dokotala wanu angatchulenso kuti acoustic neuroma. Izi zimakhudza mitsempha yomwe imayenda kuchokera mkati mwa khutu lathu kupita ku ubongo ndipo imayang'anira bwino thupi.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda obadwa nawo otchedwa `(NF2)` ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza zotupa zimenezi. Apanso, akazi ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.

Zizindikiro zazikulu:

• Kutaya kumva
• Kumva phokoso la kulira kapena phokoso m'makutu
• Chizungulire
• Kuvuta kumeza chakudya
• Mavuto a kusasinthasintha

Pituitary adenoma (chotupa cha pituitary gland chomwe chimayang'anira mahomoni)

Zotupa zimenezi zimakula mu pituitary gland, yomwe ili pansi pa ubongo. Gland iyi ndiye malo ofunikira kwambiri opangira mahomoni ndikuwongolera ma gland ena m'thupi lathu.

Izi ndi mitundu yofala ya zotupa. Pafupifupi munthu mmodzi pa anthu asanu aliwonse akuluakulu akhoza kukhala ndi zotupa zazing'ono kwambiri za pituitary. Koma zambiri mwa izi sizikula kapena kuyambitsa mavuto.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda obadwa nawo otchedwa "Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1)" ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa.

Ziphuphu zina za pituitary zimapanga mahomoni. Izi zimatchedwa 'zotupa zogwira ntchito'. Zizindikiro zimadalira ngati chotupacho chimapanga mahomoni, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, ndi mahomoni ati.

• Homoni ya prolactin: Azimayi amatha kukhala ndi msambo wosakhazikika kapena osasamba nthawi zonse. Amuna amatha kukhala ndi mawere okulirapo.
• Homoni ya ACTH: Izi zimayambitsa zizindikiro za matenda otchedwa "Cushing's disease". Mwachitsanzo, kunenepa, kuvulala mosavuta, komanso kufooka.
• Homoni ya TSH: Imaonetsa zizindikiro za chithokomiro chogwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso (Hyperthyroidism), monga kuchepa thupi, kukwiya, komanso thukuta kwambiri.

Zizindikiro zina zodziwika bwino:

• Mutu
• Kutaya masomphenya kapena kuona zinthu ziwiri
• Kuchepa chilakolako chogonana
• Kusabereka
• Kusintha kwa khalidwe
• Kulemera popanda chifukwa

Mitundu ina ya zotupa zomwe si za khansa

Palinso mitundu ina yambiri ya mtedza.

Hemangioblastoma

Izi zimakula m'mitsempha yamagazi. Zitha kukula muubongo, msana, kapena retina ya diso. Zimapezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda obadwa nawo otchedwa ``Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome.`` Zizindikiro zake zitha kukhala dzanzi m'miyendo, kufooka, mutu, nseru, komanso kuvutika kuyenda.

Craniopharyngioma

Izi zimayambira m'maselo omwe ali pansi pa ubongo, pafupi ndi pituitary gland. Zitha kukhala matumba olimba kapena odzaza ndi madzi (cysts). Zimapezeka kwambiri mwa ana azaka zapakati pa 5 ndi 14 komanso akuluakulu azaka zopitilira 45. Zingayambitse zizindikiro monga kunenepa kwambiri, ludzu lochuluka, kuchedwa kukula kwa ana, komanso kusintha kwa masomphenya.

Glioma

Izi zimachokera ku maselo a glial omwe amathandizira maselo amitsempha muubongo ndi msana. Amagawidwa m'magawo angapo. Magiredi 1 ndi 2 si a khansa ndipo amakula pang'onopang'ono. Magiredi 3 ndi 4 ndi zotupa zamphamvu komanso zokulira mofulumira.

Kodi madokotala amazindikira bwanji ngati pali zotupa zimenezi?

Dokotala wanu adzayamba wakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu, monga mutu ndi khunyu. Kenako, kuti adziwe bwino matendawa, angachite chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa izi:

• CT Scan: Njira yogwiritsira ntchito X-ray yamphamvu kuti ipange zithunzi zatsatanetsatane za ubongo.
• Kujambula kwa MRI: Njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito maginito amphamvu ndi mafunde a wailesi kuti ipange zithunzi zomveka bwino za ubongo.
• Kufufuza za khansa: Kachidutswa kakang'ono kwambiri ka minofu kamatengedwa kuchokera ku chotupacho ndikuwunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu kuti awone ngati pali maselo a khansa.
• Kuboola Lumbar / Spinal Tap: Kuyesaku kumachitika kuti muwone ngati pali maselo osazolowereka m'madzi amsana.
• Kuyezetsa magazi ndi mkodzo: Izi zimathandiza kufufuza mahomoni kapena zinthu zina zomwe zimatulutsidwa m'thupi ndi zotupa.

Kodi mankhwala ochizira izi ndi otani?

Njira yochiritsira imadalira mtundu, kukula, ndi malo a chotupacho.

• Ziphuphu zazing'ono: Sipangafunike chithandizo. Dokotala wanu nthawi zambiri amakujambulani CT kapena MRI kuti awone ngati chotupacho chikukulirakulira.
• Ziphuphu zazikulu: Kuchotsa opaleshoni ndiye njira yaikulu yothandizira. Dokotala adzayesa kuchotsa chophuphucho momwe angathere.
• Chithandizo cha radiation:Iyi ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito X-ray yamphamvu kwambiri kuti ichepetse zotupa. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zotupa zomwe sizingachotsedwe kwathunthu ndi opaleshoni kapena zomwe zabwereranso pambuyo pa opaleshoni. Stereotactic Radiosurgery ndi njira yapadera yothandizira khansa yomwe imayang'ana mwachindunji chotupacho, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa minofu yathanzi yozungulira.

Dokotala wanu adzakuthandizani kusankha njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira, ndikukambirana nanu njira zonse zomwe mungasankhe. Choncho musapange zisankho zanu nokha. Nthawi zonse muzikambirana ndi dokotala wanu.