Tiyeni tingophunzira za majini omwe amayambitsa khansa (Oncogenes)?

Tonsefe timaopa pang'ono mawu oti "khansa," sichoncho? Koma kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo momwe chinthuchi chimakhalira, komanso ngati china chake m'thupi mwathu chingakhale chomwe chimayambitsa? Ndipotu, kusintha kwa majini ena omwe amalamulira maselo m'thupi lathu ndi komwe kumayambitsa khansa. Lero, tikambirana za mtundu wa majini omwe angayambitse khansa. Timatcha izi kuti oncogenes.

Mwachidule, kodi ma oncogene awa ndi chiyani?

Oncogene ndi jini yomwe ingayambitse khansa. Koma si jini yoipa yomwe nthawi zonse imakhala m'matupi mwathu. Ndi mtundu wosinthika wa jini yathanzi komanso yabwinobwino yomwe imalamulira kukula kwa maselo m'matupi mwathu.

Taganizirani izi motere. Tili ndi majini abwino komanso okonzedwa bwino omwe amalamulira zinthu monga kukula kwa maselo ndi kugawikana m'matupi athu. Timawatcha kuti proto-oncogenes . Zili ngati accelerator pagalimoto. Imapondedwa ikafunika ndikutulutsidwa ikasowa. Ichi ndi chomwe chimayang'anira kukula kwa maselo kufika pamlingo womwe mukufuna.

Koma, pazifukwa zina, ngati proto-oncogene yabwinoyi isintha, kapena ikusintha, imakhala oncogene . Kodi chimachitika n’chiyani tsopano? Zili ngati accelerator ya galimotoyo yakhala pansi. Ndiko kuti, oncogene iyi imatumiza zizindikiro ku maselo kuti "agawane, akule." Siimaima. Chifukwa chake, pakapita nthawi, maselo osazolowereka awa omwe amagawanika mosalamulirika amasonkhana ndikupanga zotupa .

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti madokotala amvetse momwe ma oncogene awa amagwirira ntchito, chifukwa amatha kuyang'ana ma oncogene awa ndikupeza mankhwala atsopano ochizira khansa.

Oncogenes yogwirizana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa

Pakadali pano, ma oncogene opitilira 100 apezeka kuti amayambitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa. Mwachitsanzo, khansa imodzi mwa zisanu iliyonse imagwirizanitsidwa ndi ma oncogene osiyanasiyana m'banja la majini a Ras.

Ma oncogene ena amagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi mitundu ina ya khansa. Yang'anani tebulo ili m'munsimu kuti mudziwe bwino izi.

N’chifukwa chiyani majini abwinowa amaipa?

Chifukwa chenicheni chomwe proto-oncogene iyi imasanduka oncogene sichikudziwika kwenikweni, koma akukhulupirira kuti zinthu zambiri zomwe timadziwa kuti zimayambitsa khansa zimathandiza pa izi.

• Kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi dzuwa.
• Kukhudzidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa (monga ndudu, asbestos).
• Matenda ena a mavairasi.

Kusintha kumeneku kungachitike m'njira zitatu zazikulu:

• Kusintha kwa mfundo: Maselo athu asanagawikane, amakopera DNA yawo. Pa nthawi yokoperayi, kusintha pang'ono kwa DNA, monga kuwonjezera kapena kuchotsa chilembo, kungachitike. Cholakwika chaching'ono ichi chingasinthe proto-oncogene kukhala oncogene.
• Kukulitsa majini: Nthawi zina, makope oposa limodzi a jini amapangidwa pa imodzi mwa ma chromosome athu. Mwanjira imeneyi, ngati makope ambiri a proto-oncogene apangidwa, zotsatira zake zimatha kuwonjezeka ndipo maselo a khansa amatha kukula.
• Kukonzanso ma chromosome: Izi n'zovuta kwambiri. Mwachidule, chidutswa cha chromosome imodzi chimasweka ndikusinthana ndi chidutswa cha chromosome ina. Timatchanso njira iyi kuti translocation . Kusinthana kumeneku kungayambitse kupanga oncogene yatsopano, yogwira ntchito.

Nchifukwa chiyani ndikofunikira kudziwa za oncogenes pochiza khansa?

Kawirikawiri, khansa imayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini. Koma nthawi zina, khansa imodzi yokha imatha kukhala yamphamvu mokwanira kuyambitsa njira yonse ya khansa.

Nkhani yabwino ndi iyi: N'kosavuta komanso kothandiza kwambiri kulunjika ku kusintha kwakukulu kwa majini kusiyana ndi kuchiza kusintha kwa majini angapo nthawi imodzi.

Chitsanzo chabwino ndi chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Madokotala apeza kuti leukemia iyi imayamba chifukwa cha oncogene imodzi yotchedwa BCR-ABL. Oncogene iyi imapanga enzyme yosadziwika bwino yomwe imapangitsa maselo oyera amagazi kugawikana mosalamulirika.

Tsopano pali mtundu wa mankhwala otchedwa tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) . Mankhwalawa amaletsa mwachindunji ntchito ya enzyme ya BCR-ABL. Kenako maselo oyera amagazi osazolowereka amafa. Chithandizochi chalola kuti CML ibwerere m'malo mwake. Mankhwalawa asanafike, munthu m'modzi mwa asanu okha ndi amene anali ndi CML anakhala ndi moyo kwa zaka 5. Koma lero, chifukwa cha mankhwala omwe amakhudza oncogene iyi, odwala akukhala ndi moyo wautali komanso wathanzi.

Kodi p53 nayonso ndi oncogene?

Nambala p53 ndi jini yoletsa khansa . Izi zikutanthauza "jini yomwe imaletsa kukula kwa khansa." Koma kusintha kwa maselo komwe kumachitika mkati mwake kungayambitsenso khansa.

Tiyeni tibwererenso ku chitsanzo cha galimoto.

• Ma proto-oncogenes ali ngati chothandizira kuthamangitsa galimoto.
• Majini oletsa chotupa ali ngati mabuleki a galimoto.

Oncogene ili ngati accelerator yomwe yazimitsidwa. Jini yoletsa chotupa ili ngati mabuleki omwe azimitsidwa. M'zochitika zonsezi, galimoto yotchedwa selo imapitirira kuyenda popanda kulamulira, ndiko kuti, imagawanika. Choncho khansa imatha kuyamba.

Odwala ena amaona kuti zimawapatsa mphamvu m'maganizo kuphunzira za khansa ndikuyesera kumvetsetsa zomwe zimachitika mkati mwawo. Ngati inunso mukumva chimodzimodzi, funsani dokotala wanu kuti akufotokozereni kusintha kwa majini komwe kunayambitsa vuto lanu m'mawu osavuta. Izi zikuthandizani kumvetsetsa bwino njira yochizira.