Mwina munamvapo za mankhwala amphamvu ochepetsa ululu monga Tramadol ndi Morphine. Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa pambuyo pa opaleshoni ina kapena pakakhala ululu waukulu monga khansa. Koma ngati awa agwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika, ndiko kuti, ngati muwagwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso, akhoza kukhala owopsa kwambiri komanso owopsa. Mu mkhalidwe woopsa wotere, pali mtundu wapadera wa mankhwala womwe ungaletse kugwira ntchito kwa mankhwalawa nthawi yomweyo ndikupulumutsa miyoyo. Umenewo ndi womwe timautcha 'Opioid Antagonist'.
Choyamba, tiyeni tiwone kuti 'opioid' iyi ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule, ma opioid ndi gulu la mankhwala omwe amagwira ntchito ndi maselo athu amitsempha kuti achepetse ululu. Ena amapezeka mwachibadwa, pomwe ena amapangidwa m'ma laboratories. Madokotala nthawi zambiri amawagwiritsa ntchito pochiza ululu wapakati mpaka waukulu. Komabe, palinso mankhwala osaloledwa monga heroin omwe ali m'gulu lomweli.
Anthu amakhala ndi mwayi waukulu wogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a opioid amenewa. Chifukwa chake n'chakuti samangochepetsa ululu, komanso amabweretsa chimwemwe chachilendo, kumva kuyandama (euphoria). Pakapita nthawi, mlingo womwe umatengedwa musanasangalale sukwanira. Timatcha izi kuti 'kulekerera'. Kenako mumayesedwa kuti muwonjezere mlingo. Pamapeto pake, izi zimatha kukhala vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito opioid.
Ndiye kodi mdani wa opioid uyu amagwira ntchito bwanji?
Kuti timvetse izi, tiyeni titenge chitsanzo chaching'ono. Tangoganizani kuti thupi lathu, makamaka mu ubongo ndi msana (dongosolo lapakati la mitsempha), lili ndi 'ma receptor' apadera omwe amayankha ma opioid. Monga ma keybool. Izi zimatchedwa mu, kappa, ndi delta receptors. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimagwira ntchito ndi ma mu receptors awa.
- Ma opioid (mankhwala opha ululu) ali ngati 'kiyi yoyenera' yomwe imalowa mu bowo la kiyi iyi. Mukayika kiyiyo ndikuyitembenuza, kutanthauza kuti, mukatenga opioid, ma receptors amenewo amayatsidwa ndipo ululu umatha, kupuma kumachepa, ndipo chisangalalo chomwe ndatchula kale chimabwera.
- Mankhwala oletsa opioid ali ngati 'kiyi yabodza' yomwe imalowa mu dzenje la kiyi, koma sangatembenuzidwe. Mankhwalawa akalowa m'thupi, amapita mwachangu ku ma receptors amenewo, mabowo a kiyi. Koma sayambitsa cholandirira. M'malo mwake, amatseka dzenje la kiyi.
Kodi mukumvetsa? Chifukwa chakuti kiyi yabodza yakhala mu dzenje la kiyi, palibe njira yoti 'kiyi yoyenera', opioid, igwirizane. Kotero mphamvu ya opioid imasiya kwathunthu. Munthu akamwa mopitirira muyeso opioid ndipo akuoneka kuti wasiya kupuma, ndizomwe zimachitika mukamupatsa mankhwala otsutsana nawo awa. Amalowa nthawi yomweyo ndikuletsa ntchito ya opioid, ndikumulola kupuma bwino.
Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya odana ndi opioid ndi iti?
Pali mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala amenewa. Iliyonse imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Tiyeni tiwone bwino tebulo ili.
| Dzina la mankhwala | Ntchito yaikulu | Mfundo zofunika |
|---|---|---|
| Naloxone | Mankhwala opulumutsa moyo a opioid overdose. | Imaperekedwa ngati jakisoni kapena ngati spray ya m'mphuno. Ngati wina wasiya kupuma chifukwa cha kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo a opioid, imatha kubwezeretsa kupuma mkati mwa mphindi 2-5. M'dziko lathu, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'zipatala zadzidzidzi (ETUs). |
| Naltrexone | Monga chithandizo cha nthawi yayitali chochiritsira opioid ndi mowa. | Izi zimathandiza kuthetsa chizolowezi. Zimaletsa chisangalalo chomwe chimabwera chifukwa chomwa mankhwala a opioid. Koma siziletsa zizindikiro zosiya kumwa kapena chilakolako chofuna kusiya kumwa. Zimabwera m'mapiritsi kapena jakisoni. |
| Methylnaltrexone | Kudzimbidwa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mankhwala amphamvu ochepetsa ululu a opioid. | Izi ndi zosiyana pang'ono. Sizipita ku ubongo. M'malo mwake, zimangotseka ma opioid receptors m'matumbo. Choncho sizimasokoneza ntchito ya mankhwala opweteka, zimangochepetsa kudzimbidwa. Amaperekedwa kwa anthu omwe akulandira chithandizo cha ululu waukulu wosatha. |
| Nalmefene | Kwa overdose ya opioid. | Izi zikufanana ndi naloxone, koma zimakhalabe zogwira ntchito m'thupi kwa nthawi yayitali. Komabe, sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri monga naloxone. |
Kodi zotsatirapo zake za mankhwalawa ndi ziti?
Zotsatira zazikulu komanso zofulumira kwambiri za mankhwala monga Naloxone ndi Naltrexone ndi kupezeka kwa 'zizindikiro zosiya kugwiritsa ntchito opioid' . Tangoganizirani, thupi la munthu lakhala likugwiritsa ntchito opioid kwa nthawi yayitali. Umu ndi momwe thupi limayankhira pamene mdani wapatsidwa mwadzidzidzi ndipo ntchito yake yasiya kugwira ntchito.
Kodi zizindikiro zosiya kumwa mowa ndi ziti?
- Mphuno yotuluka madzi
- Kung'ambika kwambiri m'maso
- Kusanza pafupipafupi
- Kuthamanga kwa mpweya wambiri (Hyperventilation)
- Kutentha kwambiri
- Kuwonjezeka kwa kugunda kwa mtima (Tachycardia)
- Kupweteka kwa minofu
- Kusanza ndi kusanza
- Kutsegula m'mimba
- Nkhawa
Kuopsa kwa zizindikirozi kumasiyana malinga ndi munthu. Zimatengera nthawi yomwe adagwiritsa ntchito komanso mtundu wa opioid. M'chipatala, madokotala amathana bwino ndi vutoli. Amapatsa mankhwala amchere (IV fluids) ndi mankhwala ena.
Zotsatirapo za methylnaltrexone, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kudzimbidwa, ndi zosiyana. Izi ndi izi:
- Kupweteka m'mimba
- Kudzaza mimba
- Kusanza kapena kusanza
- Mutu
- Kugwedeza minofu
- Chizungulire
Kodi ubwino wa mankhwala awa ndi wotani?
Ngakhale kuti pali zotsatirapo zake, ubwino wa mankhwala amenewa ndi waukulu kuposa ubwino wake.
Naloxone ndi mankhwala opulumutsa moyo . Amatha kupewa imfa chifukwa cha kumwa mankhwala opitirira muyeso a opioid. Ndicho chinthu chofunikira kwambiri.
NaltrexoneNdi gawo lofunika kwambiri pochiza matenda ovuta monga opioid kapena mowa. Koma sikokwanira palokha. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi matenda ovuta kwambiri. Amafunika chithandizo kuchokera mbali zosiyanasiyana, monga psychotherapy ndi kukonzanso thupi. Naltrexone ndi mankhwala omwe amapereka mphamvu zambiri paulendowu.
Ngati inu kapena munthu wina amene mumamudziwa ali ndi vutoli, chonde lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za vutoli. Pali madokotala ambiri ndi njira zomwe zingathandize ndi vutoli.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Mankhwala oletsa ululu a opioid ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amaletsa ntchito ya opioids (mankhwala amphamvu ochepetsa ululu ndi mankhwala monga heroin) m'thupi.
- Naloxone ndi mankhwala ofunikira kwambiri komanso ogwira ntchito mwachangu omwe angaperekedwe kuti apulumutse moyo wa munthu amene wamwa mopitirira muyeso mankhwala a opioid.
- Mankhwalawa, makamaka akaperekedwa kwa munthu amene thupi lake lazolowera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a opioid, angayambitse zizindikiro zoopsa zosiya kumwa mankhwalawo. Chifukwa chake, ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala.
- Kuledzera ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo si vuto, koma ndi vuto lochiritsika. Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa akufunika thandizo, musachite manyazi ndipo lankhulani ndi dokotala za vutoli.
💬 Comments (0)
Palibe ndemanga zomwe zatumizidwa pano. Onjezani ndemanga yanu pano koyamba.
Onjezani ndemanga yanu