Bwanji ngati mwapatsidwa poizoni? Tiyeni tiphunzire za 'Organophosphate Poisoning'!

Tonsefe timagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi mankhwala ophera udzu. Zikuoneka kuti sitingathe kukhala opanda mankhwalawa pa ntchito zapakhomo kapena ulimi. Koma kodi munayamba mwaganizapo za mtundu wa ngozi yomwe ingachitike ngati mankhwala ena omwe ali mu chakudyachi alowa m'thupi mwathu? Chimodzi mwa zinthu zoopsazi chimatchedwa 'Organophosphate Poisoning'. Ngakhale kuti nkhaniyi ndi yofunika kwambiri, tiyeni tikambirane mwachidule komanso m'njira yomveka bwino.

Kodi 'organophosphates' izi ndi ziti? Zimapezeka kuti?

Mwachidule, 'Organophosphates' ndi gulu la mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwala. Nthawi zambiri timawapeza mu:

• Mu mankhwala ophera tizilombo: Mu mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa tizilombo m'minda komanso m'nyumba.
• Mu mankhwala othamangitsa tizilombo: Mu zinthu zomwe zimathamangitsa tizilombo monga udzudzu ndi ntchentche.
• Mu mankhwala ophera udzu: Mu mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha udzu.
• Mankhwala ena ophera mitsempha: Awa ndi mankhwala oopsa omwe amawononga dongosolo la mitsempha ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo.

Ngati 'organophosphates' izi zilowa m'thupi lathu, zimawononga dongosolo lathu la mitsempha ndikusokoneza momwe ziwalo zathu zimagwirira ntchito. Kaya poizoniyu achitika kwakanthawi kochepa kapena kwa nthawi yayitali, angayambitse matenda oopsa monga kulephera kupuma komanso ngakhale imfa.

Kodi mitundu yodziwika bwino ya organophosphates yomwe ingayambitse poizoni ndi iti?

Nazi mitundu yodziwika bwino ya organophosphates yomwe nthawi zambiri imayambitsa poizoni:

• Chlorpyrifos - Mwina munamvapo za 'Dursban'.
• Diazinon
• Fenthion
• Malathion
• Parathion

Mu nkhondo ya mankhwala, organophosphate yotchedwa 'Sarin' ndiyo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Kodi poizoni wa organophosphate ndi wofala bwanji?

Kuopsa kwa poizoni kumeneku kumanenedwa padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka m'maiko alimi. Koma tsopano popeza anthu akudziwa bwino za kuopsa kwa mankhwala amenewa kuposa kale, chiwerengero cha poizoni chachepa pang'ono. Komabe, ichi chikadali vuto lalikulu pa thanzi.

Kodi organophosphates ikugwiritsidwabe ntchito?

Inde, ma organophosphate ena amagwiritsidwabe ntchito muulimi ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo pa mbewu za chakudya. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kusamala kwambiri mukamagwiritsa ntchito izi.

Kodi zizindikiro za 'Organophosphate Poisoning' ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za poizoniyu zingakhudze ziwalo zosiyanasiyana m'thupi lanu. Kumbukirani kuti zizindikirozi zitha kubwera mwadzidzidzi kapena zitha kuwonekera pang'onopang'ono.

• Matenda a mtima:
• Kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa kwa kugunda kwa mtima.
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumawonjezeka kapena kuchepa.
• Kugunda kwa mtima kosakhazikika.
• Dongosolo lapakati la mitsempha:
• Mutu.
• Kusakhazikika.
• Kugwidwa ndi khunyu.
• Kutaya chidziwitso.
• Chikhalidwe cha kukomoka.
• Maso:
• Misozi imatuluka.
• Kufiira kwa maso.
• Ophunzira ofooka.
• M'mimba:
• Kuwawa kwam'mimba.
• Kusanza ndi kusanza.
• Kutsegula m'mimba.
• Dongosolo la genitourinary:
• Kukodza pafupipafupi kapena kuchepa kwa kukodza.
• Dongosolo la minofu ndi mafupa:
• Kufooka kwa minofu.
• Kupweteka kwa minofu.
• Kugwedezeka kwa minofu kosalamulirika (fasciculations).
• Matupi a mpweya:
• Mphuno yotuluka madzi, ngati chimfine.
• Kupuma movutikira.
• Kupuma movutikira.
• Kulimba pachifuwa.
• Kupuma mofulumira kapena pang'onopang'ono kuposa mwachizolowezi (hyperpnea kapena bradypnea).
• Kutuluka kwa mamina ambiri m'mapapo (bronchorrhea).
• Khungu:
• Kutuluka thukuta kwambiri.

Chofunika: Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa akukumana ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro izi mutagwiritsa ntchito organophosphates, ndikofunikira kupeza upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi 'organophosphates' izi zimalowa bwanji m'thupi? Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu?

Pali njira zitatu zazikulu zomwe mankhwala awa amalowera m'thupi lathu:

1. Kulowa kudzera mkamwa kapena m'mphuno: Mwa kumwa kapena kupuma chakudya kapena madzi okhala ndi izi.

2. Kuyamwa kudzera pakhungu: Ma organophosphate ena amatha kulowa m'thupi ngakhale atakhudza khungu.

Tiyeni tiwonenso amene ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha poizoniyu:

• Anthu omwe nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo: Alimi, ogwira ntchito m'munda, ndi ogwira ntchito yoletsa tizilombo ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chifukwa nthawi zonse amakhala pachiwopsezo cha mankhwala amenewa.
• Kwa iwo okhala m'madera omwe nkhondo kapena zigawenga zikuchitika: Ngati zinthu monga 'zothandizira mitsempha' zomwe zatchulidwazi zagwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Kwa iwo amene amadya izi ndi cholinga chodzivulaza: Izi ndi zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri.

Ngati mukumva ngati mukudzivulaza kapena mukuganiza zodzipha, ndikofunikira kwambiri kulankhula ndi munthu amene mumamukhulupirira, kapena kufunafuna uphungu wa akatswiri pa zaumoyo wamaganizo. Simuli nokha, ndipo musaope kupempha thandizo.

Kodi chimachitika n’chiyani ngati ma organophosphates alowa m’thupi? Mwachidule...

Chabwino, tsopano tiyeni tiwone zomwe zimachitika 'organophosphates' izi zikalowa m'thupi. Iyi ndi nkhani yasayansi pang'ono, koma ndikukuuzani mwachidule.

Kuti mitsempha yathu igwire ntchito bwino, pali mankhwala otchedwa 'acetylcholine' (neurotransmitter). Ichi ndi chomwe chimalamulira zinthu zambiri, monga kuyenda kwa minofu. 'Acetylcholine' (acetylcholine) iyi ikamaliza ntchito yake, enzyme yotchedwa 'cholinesterase' imabwera ndikuiwononga. Izi zimathandiza mitsempha kuti ibwerere mwakale ndikuletsa minofu ndi mitsempha kuti isalimbikitsidwe kwambiri.

Tangoganizirani, mukayatsa nyali potsegula switch. Enzyme iyi ya 'cholinesterase' imagwira ntchito ngati kuzimitsa switch mukamaliza.

Tsopano, pamene ma organophosphates alowa m'thupi, amaletsa ntchito ya enzyme ya cholinesterase. Kodi chimachitika n'chiyani? M'malo moswa acetylcholine, imasonkhana pa synapses komwe maselo a mitsempha amalumikizana. Zili ngati chosinthira magetsi chizimitsidwa. Kenako dongosolo la mitsempha limayamba kusonkhezeredwa kwambiri, thupi lonse limataya mphamvu, ndipo zizindikiro zoopsa zomwe ndatchula kale zimawonekera. Kodi mukumvetsa?

Ndi mavuto otani omwe angachitike ngati sanachiritsidwe?

Ngati poizoni wa organophosphate sunachiritsidwe mwachangu, zizindikiro zake zimatha kukhala zoopsa komanso zoopsa kwa moyo. Kulephera kupuma ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha imfa chifukwa cha poizoniyu.

Kuphatikiza apo, mavuto ena angachitike:

• Matenda a mitsempha ya m'khosi
• Kutaya kukumbukira
• Matenda a minofu `(Myopathy)`
• Matenda a mitsempha ya m'mitsempha
• Matenda amisala

Kodi madokotala amazindikira bwanji molondola 'poisoning' ya organophosphate?

Dokotala nthawi zambiri amazindikira poizoniyu kutengera zizindikiro zanu, zambiri zokhudza mankhwala omwe mudakumana nawo (ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, muyenera kuuza dokotala wanu), ndipo nthawi zina kuyezetsa magazi. Makamaka, kuyezetsa magazi kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa acetylcholinesterase m'magazi anu.

Popeza zizindikiro za poizoni wa organophosphate zitha kufanana ndi za matenda ena, dokotala wanu angafune mayeso ena kuti awone thanzi lanu lonse ndikupeza chifukwa chenicheni cha zizindikiro zanu. Mwachitsanzo:

• Mayeso ena a magazi
• Mayeso a mkodzo
• Mayeso ojambula zithunzi monga MRI kapena CT scans
• EEG (mayeso oyesa ntchito ya ubongo)
• Kuphunzira za kayendedwe ka mitsempha (mayeso omwe amayesa liwiro lomwe mauthenga amadutsa m'mitsempha)

Popeza poizoniyu ndi woopsa, nthawi zina madokotala angayambe kulandira chithandizo asanalandire malipoti onse a mayeso.

Kodi poizoni wa organophosphate amachiritsidwa bwanji?

Popeza izi ndi zadzidzidzi, chithandizo chiyenera kuyamba nthawi yomweyo. Pali njira zingapo zazikulu zothandizira:

1.Kuchotsa poizoni: Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri.

• Kuchotsa zovala: Zovala zonse zomwe munthu wovulalayo wavala ziyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa zitha kukhala ndi mankhwala. Ogwira ntchito kuchipatala adzachotsa zovalazo mosamala.
• Kutsuka khungu: Sambani khungu lanu bwino, osachepera katatu, ndi sopo ndi madzi. Izi zidzachotsa mankhwala aliwonse pakhungu. Kenako mudzapatsidwa diresi yoyera ya kuchipatala yoti muvale.

2. Chithandizo ndi mankhwala:

• Atropine: Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito pochepetsa kukondoweza kwa mitsempha.
• Pralidoxime: Iyi ndi mankhwala a organophosphates. Imabwezeretsa enzyme ya cholinesterase yomwe imaphwanya acetylcholine.
• Mankhwala onsewa amaperekedwa kudzera mu 'IV', kutanthauza kuti, kudzera mu saline solution yomwe imaperekedwa mumtsempha.

3. Chithandizo cha mavuto opuma:

• Ngati zizindikiro zake zili zazikulu ndipo kupuma kuli kovuta, kuyika chubu chopumira m'chubu, kutanthauza kuyika chubu chopumira, kungakhale kofunikira kuti mpweya ukhale wotseguka.

Kodi zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti munthu achire pambuyo pa chithandizo?

Izi zimadalira kukula ndi kuopsa kwa poizoniyo. Anthu ena angamve bwino pakatha masiku ochepa, pomwe ena angatenge milungu ingapo. Dokotala wanu adzasankha nthawi yoyenera ya vuto lanu.

Kodi n'zotheka kuchira kwathunthu ku poizoni uyu?

Inde, n'zotheka kuchira kwathunthu ku poizoni wa organophosphate. Komabe, pali chiopsezo chakuti zizindikiro zingabwerenso kapena kuwonongeka kosatha kwa mitsempha kungachitike.

Chiyembekezo chanu chochira chimadalira zinthu zingapo:

• Kuchuluka kwa kukhudzana ndi organophosphates.
• Mtundu wa organophosphate womwe unaonekera.
• Mmene ma organophosphates amalowera m'thupi (mwa kupuma, kudzera pakhungu, kapena kumeza).
• Mkhalidwe wanu wa thanzi panthawi yomwe mwakumana ndi matendawa.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati mutapuma mankhwala ena a organophosphates, mungakumane ndi zizindikiro mofulumira komanso moopsa kuposa ngati zitakhudza khungu lanu.

Malinga ndi deta yochokera ku World Health Organization, chiwerengero cha imfa chifukwa cha poizoni wa organophosphate chikhoza kusiyana pakati pa 2% ndi 25%. Chifukwa chake , chithandizo chachangu chingachepetse kwambiri kuwonongeka komwe kungachitike pa moyo.

Kodi poizoni wa Organophosphate angapewedwe?

Nthawi zina, makamaka pa nthawi ya nkhondo kapena ngati simukudziwa za kugwiritsa ntchito organophosphates, izi zingakhale zovuta kupewa.

Komabe, ngati mugwiritsa ntchito mitundu iyi ya mankhwala oopsa, mutha kuchita izi kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu:

• Valani zida zodzitetezera (PPE): zinthu monga magolovesi ndi zophimba nkhope.
• Chotsani zovala zilizonse zomwe zakhudzana ndi mankhwala akunja ndipo sinthani musanalowe m'nyumba.
• Sambani ndi kusamba thupi lanu bwino mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito zinthuzi.
• Sambani m'manja bwino musanadye kapena kumwa.

Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti? Kodi muyenera kuchita chiyani pakagwa ngozi?

Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwakumana ndi organophosphates, pitani kuchipatala chapafupi kapena imbani chithandizo chadzidzidzi nthawi yomweyo. Musataye nthawi. Musadikire mpaka mutayamba kuona zizindikiro.

Kumbukirani, izi zitha kukhala zoopsa kwambiri, choncho kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu ndicho chinthu chofunikira kwambiri.

Mafunso ofunikira oti mufunse dokotala wanu

Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa akukumana ndi izi, mutha kufunsa dokotala wanu mafunso awa:

• Ndi mtundu wanji wa chithandizo chomwe ndikulangizidwa kuti ndilandire?
• Kodi pali zotsatirapo zilizonse za mankhwalawa?
• Kodi mungachotse bwanji poizoni mutatha kukhudzana ndi mankhwala? (Makamaka kunyumba)
• Ndingadziwe bwanji ngati pali organophosphates kuntchito kwanga?
• Ngati ndimagwira ntchito ndi organophosphates kuntchito, ndi njira ziti zodzitetezera zomwe ndingatenge kuti ndidziteteze ku poizoni?

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira

'Kupha poizoni wa Organophosphate' ndi nkhani yaikulu kwambiri. Anthu ambiri m'dziko lathu, makamaka omwe amachita ntchito zaulimi, akhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo. Mankhwalawa ndi owopsa kwa anthu ndi nyama. Chifukwa chake, munthu ayenera kusamala kwambiri akamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa.

Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa akuwonetsa zizindikiro za poizoni wa organophosphate, musachite mantha. Pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo. Kulandira chithandizo msanga kungalepheretse imfa. Khalani otetezeka, khalani odziwa zambiri!

Ma Organophosphates, poizoni, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, zizindikiro, thandizo loyamba, chitetezo